"Biotium"

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody reacts with the TGF alpha and shows no cross-reaction with EGF and the neuropeptide synenkephalin. The staining with this MAb is completely blocked by the peptide used for raising this antibody. TGF alpha (aa50) is a growth factor with 33% homology to EGF, binds to EGFR, activates tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor, and stimulates cell proliferation. It plays a role in tumor initiation by inducing the reversible transformed phenotype.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as the bcl-2 α oncoprotein. It shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax protein. Expression of bcl-2 α oncoprotein inhibits the programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of bcl-2 α protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those follicular lymphomas that express bcl-2 protein and the small number in which the neoplastic cells are bcl-2 negative.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 110 kDa, which is identified as androgen receptor (AR). It reacts with full length, and the newly described A form of the receptor. It does not cross react with estrogen, progesterone, or glucocorticoid receptors. The expression of AR is reportedly inversely correlated with histologic grade i.e. well differentiated prostate tumors show higher expression than the poorly differentiated tumors. In prostate cancer, AR has been proposed, as a marker of hormone-responsiveness and thus it may be useful in identifying patients likely to benefit from anti-androgen therapy. Anti-androgen receptor has been useful clinically in differentiating morpheaform basal cell carcinoma (mBCC) from desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (DTE) in the skin.This MAb is superb for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of ~76 kDa, which is identified as Nucleolin (NCL). It is the major nucleolar phosphoprotein of growing eukaryotic cells. NCL is located mainly in dense fibrillar regions of the nucleolus. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. Human NCL gene consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly.This MAb can be used to stain the nucleoli in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a marker of the nucleoli in subcellular fractions. It produces a speckled pattern in the nuclei of cells of normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain the nucleoli of cells in fixed or frozen tissue sections. It can be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations and formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody detects a monomorphic general framework determinant of HLA-DR Class II antigen. It does not cross react with HLA-DP and HLA-DQ. HLA-DR is a heterodimeric cell surface glycoprotein comprised of a 36 kDa alpha (heavy) chain and a 28 kDa beta (light) chain. It is expressed on B-cells, activated T-cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and other non-professional APCs. In conjunction with the CD3/TCR complex and CD4 molecules, HLA-DR is critical for efficient peptide presentation to CD4 T cells. It is an excellent histiocytic marker in paraffin sections producing intense cytoplasmic staining. True histiocytic neoplasms are similarly positive. HLA-DR antigens also occur on a variety of epithelial cells and their corresponding neoplastic counterparts.

Supplier: Biotium

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) is found in extranodal low-grade B cell lymphomas. MALT1 encodes two Ig-like C2-type domains and fuses with an API2 gene, which is highly expressed in adult lymphoid tissue. The translocation of this MALT1 gene, which maps to human chromosome 18q21, and the apoptosis-inhibiting API2 gene results in an increased development of MALT lymphomas and apoptosis inhibition. Sites at which this API2-MALT1 (11;18)(q21;q21) translocation commonly occurs are within human lung and kidney tissue. MALT lymphoma expresses nuclear Bcl10, which mediates the oligomerization and activation of a MALT1 caspase-like domain. MALT1 mRNA is found in pre-B cells, mature B cells and plasma cells.

Supplier: Biotium

The epitope of this MAb is located between aa343-357. Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). CK8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only cytokeratin 8 and 18. CK8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Anti-CK8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against CK8, CK18 and CK19). Reportedly, anti-CK8 is useful for the differentiation of lobular (ring-like, perinuclear) from ductal (peripheral-predominant) carcinoma of the breast.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a 53 kDa protein, identified as the Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC-1). ODC is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and is involved in the conversion of ornithine to putrescine. The biological activity of ODC-1 is rapidly induced in response to virtually all agents known to promote cell proliferation including hormones, drugs, growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Reportedly, ODC mRNA levels are elevated in lung carcinomas as well as in colon adenomas and carcinomas. ODC activity in colorectal carcinomas is greater than those in adenomas and normal mucosa.

Supplier: Biotium

CD45R, also designated CD45 and PTPRC, has been identified as a transmembrane glycoprotein, broadly expressed among hematopoietic cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45R are distributed throughout the immune system according to cell type. These isoforms arise because of alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding protein domains are characterized by the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45RA (exon 4), CD45RB (exon 5), CD45RC (exon 6) and CD45RO (exons 4 to 6 spliced out). The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved. CD45RB is expressed on mature B-lymphocytes and the majority of lymphomas and leukemias of B-cell origin.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA ) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA ). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 140 kDa, which is identified as the complement receptor 2 (CR2)/CD21. Its epitope is located in 5-8 short consensus repeats (SCRs). This MAb is highly specific to CR2 and shows no cross-reaction with CR1. This protein is expressed strongly on mature B cells, follicular dendritic cells and weakly on immature thymocytes and T lymphocytes. In B-cell ontogeny, CD21 appears after the pre-B-stage, is maintained during peripheral B-cell development and is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. CD21 expression is also gradually lost after stimulation of B cells in vitro. CD21 functions as receptor for C3d, C3dg and iC3b Complement components, for EBV and for IFNalpha. CD21 binds to CD23 and associates with CD19, CD81 and Leu13 to form a large signal-transduction complex involved in B cell activation. MAb FR5A10 can be used for EBV receptor studies, interactions between B and T cells especially through CD23, human complement receptor (CR2) studies and IFN-alpha receptor studies.

Supplier: Biotium

CA19-9, a carbohydrate epitope expressed on a high MW (>400 kDa) mucin glycoprotein, is a sialyl Lewisa structure which is synthesized from type 1 blood group precursor chains and is present in individuals expressing the Lewisa and/or Lewisb blood group antigens. In normal tissues, sialyl Lewisa antigen is present in ductal epithelium of the breast, kidney, salivary gland, and sweat glands. Its expression is greatly enhanced in serum as well as in the majority of tumor cells in gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas, including adenocarcinomas of the stomach, intestine, and pancreas. Preoperative elevated CA19-9 levels in patients with stage I pancreatic carcinoma decrease to normal values following surgery. When used serially, CA19-9 can predict recurrence of disease prior to radiographic or clinical findings. This MAb is excellent for staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a transmembrane glycoprotein of 95 kDa, identified as CD18 or integrin -2 (Workshop III). It complexes non-covalently with either L, M, or X integrin (CD11a, b, or c) to form the heterodimers, LFA-1, Mac-1, and p150,95, respectively. LFA-1 is the receptor for three members of the Ig supergene family of proteins, ICAM-1 (CD54), ICAM-2 (CD102), and Mac-1 and p150,95 bind to ICAM-1, fibrinogen, and iC3b. ICAM-3 (CD50). CD18/CD11 heterodimeric molecules are involved with cell/cell and cell/extracellular adhesion in immune and inflammatory responses. This MAb blocks these cellular interactions.

Supplier: Biotium

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL's) recognize melanoma-associated antigens, which belong to three main groups. These groups include tumor-associated testis-specific antigens, melanocyte differentiation antigens and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens, which are routinely used as markers to identify melanomas based on their binding to specific monoclonal antibodies. gp100, also designated ME20-M, ME20-S and PMEL 17, is classified as a melanocyte differentiation antigen and is expressed at low levels in normal cell lines and tissues, but is upregulated in melanocytes. gp100 is a highly glycosylated protein. It is also the product of proteolytic cleavage, which results in a secreted protein.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. This MAb is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk s and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma). In ELISA, MAb WA-1 is useful either as a solid phase or for detection of p21 protein.

Supplier: Biotium

Anti-IgG Goat Polyclonal Antibody (CF™ 647)