"peptide synthesis"

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Interleukin 12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. IL-12 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and B cells in response to bacterial products and cytokines such as IFN-γ. The IL-12 receptor is expressed on T, NK, and dendritic cells. Upon binding, IL-12 initiates signaling via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and stimulates NK, B, and T cells to produce IFN-γ (Watford et al.). It also regulates cytokine synthesis, proliferation of T and NK cells, and stimulates differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Germann and Rüde). Mice that are deficient in IL-12 are susceptible to many intracellular pathogens and have impaired IFN-γ secretion, Th1 differentiation and NK cytolytic activity; however, Th2 development and IL-4 production are enhanced (Watford et al.).

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Interleukin 12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. IL-12 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and B cells in response to bacterial products and cytokines such as IFN-γ. The IL-12 receptor is expressed on T, NK, and dendritic cells. Upon binding, IL-12 initiates signaling via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and stimulates NK, B, and T cells to produce IFN-γ (Watford et al.). It also regulates cytokine synthesis, proliferation of T and NK cells, and stimulates differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Germann and Rüde). Mice that are deficient in IL-12 are susceptible to many intracellular pathogens and have impaired IFN-γ secretion, Th1 differentiation, and NK cytolytic activity; however, Th2 development and IL-4 production are enhanced (Watford et al.).

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a growth factor and the founding member of the EGF family. All EGF family members are synthesised as type I transmembrane precursor proteins that may contain several EGF domains in the extracellular region. The mature proteins are released from the cell surface by regulated proteolysis. EGF is present in various body fluids, including blood, milk, urine, saliva, seminal fluid, pancreatic juice, cerebrospinal fluid, and amniotic fluid. Four ErbB (HER) family receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4, mediate responses to EGF family members. These receptors undergo a complex pattern of ligand induced homo or heterodimerisation to transduce EGF family signals. EGF binds to the receptor EGFR stimulating the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor. The tyrosine kinase activity initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in a variety of biochemical changes within the cell, including a rise in intracellular calcium levels, increased glycolysis and protein synthesis, and increases in the expression of certain genes including the gene for EGFR, which lead to DNA synthesis, cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Other biological activities ascribed to EGF include epithelial development, angiogenesis, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, fibroblast proliferation, and colony formation of epidermal cells in culture. Defects in EGF are the cause of hypomagnesemia type 4 (HOMG4), also known as renal hypomagnesemia normocalciuric. HOMG4 is a disorder characterised by massive renal hypomagnesemia and normal levels of serum calcium and calcium excretion. Clinical features include seizures, mild-to mederate psychomotor retardation, and brisk tendon reflexes.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Interleukin 10(IL10), also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF),is a secreted protein and belongs to the IL-10 family. IL-10 is secreted by many activated hematopoietic cell types as well as hepatic stellate cells, keratinocytes, and placental cytotrophoblasts . IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory TH2 cytokine that has a critical role in limiting the immune response to pathogens to prevent host damage. As IL-10 in produced in several T helper populations, it is proposed that it provides a feedback loop to limit the effector functions of macrophages and DCs on T cells. Once expressed, IL-10 signals through the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) to activate STAT3. As IL-10 is a strong inhibitor of inflammation, it has become a viable biomarker for various diseases and conditions as well as a therapeutic molecule for certain conditions. In addition to elevated levels in parasitic infection, high expression levels of IL-10 are also found in retroviral infections inducing immunodeficiency. The immunosuppressive properties of IL-10 suggest a possible clinical use of IL-10 in suppressing rejections of grafts after organ transplantations

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Interferon gamma-inducible protein (IP) 10 or CXCL10 is a member of the CXC chemokine family. It binds CXCR3 activating ERK1/2, p38/MAPK, JNK, and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling pathways, inducing intracellular calcium influx, DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and chemotaxis. IP-10 regulates innate and adaptive immune responses by affecting the function of activated T cells, natural killer cells, inflammatory dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. IP-10 is produced by leukocytes, activated neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes in response to IFN-gamma. IP-10 has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in tumor formation (Liu et al.).

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Fibroblast growth factor acidic (FGF-acidic), also known as FGF-1, is a potent activator of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and chemotaxis and is known to play numerous roles in development, regeneration, and angiogenesis (Jaye et al.; Galzie et al.; Presta et al.). FGF-acidic is produced by multiple cell types and is capable of activating all cells of mesodermal origin and many cells of neuroectodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal origin. It is found in large quantities in the brain, but is also expressed in hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, neurons of the CNS, skeletal muscle cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, intestinal columnar epithelial cells, and pituitary basophils and acidophils. FGF-acidic is secreted as a disulfide-linked homodimer and is stored in complex with heparan sulfate, a requirement for its interaction with FGF receptors (Guerrini et al.; Mohammadi et al.). Internalized FGF-acidic signals through protein kinase C and promotes cell survival by inhibiting p53 and proapoptotic signaling (Bouleau et al.).

Supplier: Biorbyt

Recombinant FGF2

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Fibroblast growth factor acidic (FGF-acidic), also known as FGF-1, is a potent activator of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and chemotaxis and is known to play numerous roles in development, regeneration, and angiogenesis (Galzie et al.; Jaye et al.; Presta et al.). FGF-acidic is produced by multiple cell types and is capable of activating all cells of mesodermal origin and many cells of neuroectodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal origin. It is found in large quantities in the brain, but is also expressed in hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, neurons of the central nervous system, skeletal muscle cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, intestinal columnar epithelial cells, and pituitary basophils and acidophils. FGF-acidic is secreted as a disulfide-linked homodimer and is stored in complex with heparan sulfate, a requirement for its interaction with FGF receptors (Guerrini et al.; Mohammadi et al.). Internalized FGF-acidic signals via protein kinase C and promotes cell survival by inhibiting p53 and proapoptotic signaling (Bouleau et al.). This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: Biorbyt

Mouse recombinant CNTF (from E. coli)

Supplier: Biorbyt

Rat recombinant CNTF (from E. coli)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

tumour Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF- alpha) is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF- alpha while cells that express CD8 secrete little or no TNF- alpha. Synthesis of TNF- alpha can be induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, and GM-CSF. The clinical use of the potent anti-tumour activity of TNF- alpha has been limited by the proinflammatory side effects such as fever, dose-limiting hypotension, hepatotoxicity, intravascular thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Designing clinically applicable TNF- alpha mutants with low systemic toxicity has been of intense pharmacological interest. Human TNF- alpha that binds to murine TNF-R55 but not murine TNF-R7, exhibits retained anti-tumour activity and reduced systemic toxicity in mice compared with murine TNF- alpha, which binds to both murine TNF receptors. Based on these results, many TNF- alpha mutants that selectively bind to TNF-R55 have been designed. These mutants displayed cytotoxic activities on tumour cell lines in vitro and have exhibited lower systemic toxicity in vivo. Recombinant Human TNF- alpha High Active Mutant differs from the wild-type by amino acid subsitution of amino acids 1-7 with Arg8, Lys9, Arg10 and Phe157. This mutant form has been shown to have increased activity with less inflammatory side effects in vivo.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

tumour Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF- alpha) is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF- alpha while cells that express CD8 secrete little or no TNF- alpha. Synthesis of TNF- alpha can be induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, and GM-CSF. The clinical use of the potent anti-tumour activity of TNF- alpha has been limited by the proinflammatory side effects such as fever, dose-limiting hypotension, hepatotoxicity, intravascular thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Designing clinically applicable TNF- alpha mutants with low systemic toxicity has been of intense pharmacological interest. Human TNF- alpha that binds to murine TNF-R55 but not murine TNF-R7, exhibits retained anti-tumour activity and reduced systemic toxicity in mice compared with murine TNF- alpha, which binds to both murine TNF receptors. Based on these results, many TNF- alpha mutants that selectively bind to TNF-R55 have been designed. These mutants displayed cytotoxic activities on tumour cell lines in vitro and have exhibited lower systemic toxicity in vivo. Recombinant Human TNF- alpha High Active Mutant differs from the wild-type by amino acid subsitution of amino acids 1-7 with Arg8, Lys9, Arg10 and Phe157. This mutant form has been shown to have increased activity with less inflammatory side effects in vivo.

Supplier: Abcam

Specifically and efficiently labels thiol groups on proteins. Fluorescein derivative sucessfully links to organelles, proteins and peptides at or near their physiological pH values (pH 7), including enzymes (e.g. (Na, K)-ATPase) or organelles like nucleii and nuclear matrices.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG or CXCL9) is a T cell chemoattractant during neuroinflammatory events. MIG production is stimulated by interferon gamma (IFNɣ) and signals through the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of neuronal cell populations, neurite outgrowth, and neurotransmitter synthesis.CNTF also plays an important protective role during nervous system injury.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of neuronal cell populations, neurite outgrowth, and neurotransmitter synthesis.CNTF also plays an important protective role during nervous system injury.