2558 Results for: "Tonbo Biosciences"

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The UCHT2 antibody is specific for human CD5, a 67 kD transmembrane glycoprotein, that is expressed on most thymocytes, mature T cells, and a subset of B cells. CD5 is involved in modulating antigen receptor signaling in both T and B cells and binds to CD72, expressed on B cells.

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The Hit3a antibody is specific for human CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. These interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation), inducing cell proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

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The 1A8 antibody binds to mouse Ly-6G, commonly known as Gr-1, a member of the Ly-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored cell surface proteins with roles in cell signaling and cell adhesion. Gr-1 is differentially expressed during development and maturation of cells in the myeloid lineage and is expression at varying stages and levels on monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and peripheral neutrophils.

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The C1.18.4 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The C.1.18.4 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for mouse IgG2a antibodies.

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The DTA-1 antibody reacts with mouse CD357, also known as GITR or AITR (in humans), a 66 to 70 kDa member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor superfamily (TNFRSF18). GITR is primarily found on T cells, and its function may vary depending on the T cell type where it is expressed. GITR is upregulated on activated T cells where it provides co-stimulation, yet GITR may promote the inhibition of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, where it is expressed at high levels. GITR ligand (GITRL) is found on B cells, macrophages, dendritic and endothelial cells, and is implicated in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.

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The O323 antibody reacts with human CD27 (TNFRSF7), a cell surface homodimer of 55 kDa subunits, which provides co-stimulatory signaling in support of the T cell (TCR) and B cell (BCR) receptors. By comparison with CD28, whose TCR co-stimulatory signal can trigger cell proliferation, CD27 signaling appears to promote cell survival and differentiation to effector / memory stages. Also in contrast with CD28, the CD27 receptor may be shed following interaction with its ligand CD70, which is typically expressed on activated dendritic cells, T cells and B cells. With respect to B cells, CD27 is considered to be a phenotypic marker for memory B cells. CD27 has been included within a group of phenotypic markers for identifying human B regulatory cells (Bregs), a cell type proposed to regulate CD4+ T cell proliferation and Foxp3 / CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells.

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The M5/114.15.2 antibody reacts with mouse MHC Class II alloantigens I-Ab, I-Ad, I-Aq, I-Ed, and I-Ek, as well as being cross-reactive with mouse cells of H-2p and H-2r haplotype. MHC Class II is widely expressed by mouse immune cells bearing these alloantigens, including T and B cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. The antibody does not react with the following alloantigens: I-Af, I-Ak, I-As, or NOD H-2g7.

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The RPA-2.10 antibody reacts with human CD2, an approximately 50 kDa glycoprotein, and a member of the Ig superfamily. CD2, also known as LFA-2, is a receptor for CD58 in the human and is expressed on the cell surface of 80-90% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, a subset of NK cells, and all mature T cells. CD2 mediates lymphocyte adhesion and is involved in T cell activation.

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Ghost Dye Red 710 is an amine reactive viability dye, that can be used to discriminate viable from non-viable mammalian cells in flow cytometry applications.

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The HRPN immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The HRPN immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for rat IgG1 antibodies.

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The GK1.5 antibody reacts with mouse CD4, a 55 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, certain mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells

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The CD28.2 antibody reacts with human CD28, a 44 kDa type I surface glycoprotein which acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, known as B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), which are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. Other members of the CD28 family of receptors include CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), ICOS and BTLA.

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The 1D3 antibody reacts with mouse CD19, a 95 kDa glycoprotein which acts as a co-receptor, along with CD21 and CD81, in support of the functional B cell receptor (BCR). This complex provides antigen-specific recognition and subsequent activation of B cells to proliferate and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (plasma cells) or memory B cells, which are crucial for secondary antigen encounter. CD19 is a lineage-differentiation marker, as its expression is detectable at the earliest B cell stages, through development, and is finally lost upon transition to mature plasma cells.

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The HI30 antibody reacts with human CD45, one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers and one that is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase existing in several isoforms, each being generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns. With its broad cell distribution, CD45 is critical for many leukocyte functions, regulating signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and IL-2 receptor. Other forms of CD45, with restricted cellular expression, include CD45R (B220), CD45RA, CD45RB, CD45RO and others.

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The 30-F11 antibody reacts with mouse CD45, which is one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers and is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase existing in several isoforms, each being generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns. With its broad cell distribution, CD45 is critical for many leukocyte functions, regulating signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and IL-2 receptor. Other forms of CD45, with restricted cellular expression, include CD45R (B220), CD45RA, CD45RB and CD45RO.

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The M1/70 antibody reacts with human and mouse CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M. This 165-170 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha M (CD11b) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as Macrophage Antigen-1 (Mac-1) or complement receptor type 3 (CR3). This receptor binds and induces intracellular signaling through ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

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The IM7 antibody recognises CD44, a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor which is important for extracellular matrix organisation, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and migration. CD44 may be expressed in a number of different isoforms (splice variants) from the most typical or 'standard' form, known as CD44s, to variants designated CD44v, e.g. CD44v1 or CD44v6. These receptors interact with several ligands, but most often associate with an extracellular matrix component hyaluronate, through which it mediates adhesion.

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The A7R34 antibody is specific for mouse CD127, a 60-90 kDa cell surface protein also known as the Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha chain, or IL-7R alpha. CD127 is typically expressed at the cell surface as a heterodimer with the common gamma chain (CD132). This complex acts as the functional receptor for IL-7, a cytokine important in T and B cell development, and in mature T cell homeostasis. A second cytokine known as Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) also binds to a receptor complex of CD127 and the TSLPR chain to trigger activation of dendritic cells, and is involved in B cell development, allergy and autoimmunity.

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The A7R34 antibody is specific for mouse CD127, a 60-90 kDa cell surface protein also known as the Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha chain, or IL-7R alpha. CD127 is typically expressed at the cell surface as a heterodimer with the common gamma chain (CD132). This complex acts as the functional receptor for IL-7, a cytokine important in T and B cell development, and in mature T cell homeostasis. A second cytokine known as Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) also binds to a receptor complex of CD127 and the TSLPR chain to trigger activation of dendritic cells, and is involved in B cell development, allergy and autoimmunity.

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The M1/70 antibody reacts with human and mouse CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M. This 165-170 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha M (CD11b) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as Macrophage Antigen-1 (Mac-1) or complement receptor type 3 (CR3). This receptor binds and induces intracellular signaling through ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

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The 2D1 antibody reacts with human CD45, one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers and one that is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase existing in several isoforms, each being generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns. With its broad cell distribution, CD45 is critical for many leukocyte functions, regulating signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and IL-2 receptor. Other forms of CD45, with restricted cellular expression, include CD45R (B220), CD45RA, CD45RB, and CD45RO.

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The IM7 antibody recognizes CD44, a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor which is important for extracellular matrix organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and migration. CD44 may be expressed in a number of different isoforms (splice variants) from the most typical or “standard” form, known as CD44s, to variants designated CD44v, e.g. CD44v1 or CD44v6. These receptors interact with several ligands, but most often associate with an extracellular matrix component hyaluronate, through which it mediates adhesion.

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The ACK2 antibody is specific for CD117, also called c-Kit, a 145 kDa cytokine receptor important in the development of hematopoietic stem cells, in oogenesis, and for functional activity of immune cells such as NK and mast cells. c-Kit binds to a ligand known as stem cell factor (SCF), or alternatively as mast cell growth factor. Ligand binding promotes the activation (dimerization) and subsequent tyrosine kinase activity of the c-Kit receptor and triggers key survival, expansion and maturation signals during hematopoietic progenitor cell development. Conversely, shedding of extracellular domain of c-Kit receptor is reported to induce inactivation or apoptosis within these cells. The survival signaling activity of c-Kit confers a proto-oncogenic attribute to the receptor, as overexpression or mutations in this protein are associated with tumor development.

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The IM7 antibody recognizes CD44, a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor which is important for extracellular matrix organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and migration. CD44 may be expressed in a number of different isoforms (splice variants) from the most typical or “standard” form, known as CD44s, to variants designated CD44v, e.g. CD44v1 or CD44v6. These receptors interact with several ligands, but most often associate with an extracellular matrix component hyaluronate, through which it mediates adhesion.

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The A20 antibody reacts with mouse CD45.1, also known as Ly5.1, which is a strain-specific allelic form of the CD45 Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA). Functionally, CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase whose broad cell distribution supports a critical role in many leukocyte functions, including regulation of signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell and B cell receptors.

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The 16-10A1 antibody reacts with mouse CD80, also known as B7-1, a 55 kDa type I transmembrane protein ligand for CD152 (CTLA-4) and for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 also binds a second B7 ligand known as CD86 (B7-2). Both CD80 and CD86 are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 or CTLA-4 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response.

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The MR1 antibody is specific for mouse CD154, a 39 kD glycoprotein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells. CD154 (CD40 ligand, gp39) binds to CD40 expressed on antigen presenting cells and mediates important costimulatory functions between these cells. Signals generated via cognate interactions between CD154-CD40 on activated T and B cells are required for T-dependent B cell responses. The MR1 antibody is reported to block interaction of CD154 with CD40.

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Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, HRP Conjugate

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The RM4-5 antibody reacts with mouse CD4, a 55 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta2-domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, certain mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells. The RM4-5 antibody is widely used as a phenotypic marker for CD4 expression. If used together, the RM4-5 antibody and an alternative antibody, Anti-Mouse CD4 clone GK1.5, will compete for binding, i.e. RM4-5 antibody is able to block GK1.5 antibody binding to cells. In contrast, RM4-5 antibody does not block the binding of Anti-Mouse CD4 clone RM4-4 to cells.

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Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugate