"Other Essentials"

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-1 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-1, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-1 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. Functions in the E6/E6-AP-induced ubiquitination of p53/TP53. Mediates ubiquitination of PEX5 and auto-ubiquitination of STUB1, TRAF6 and TRIM63/MURF1. Ubiquitinates STUB1-associated HSP90AB1 in vitro. Lacks inherent specificity for any particular lysine residue of ubiquitin. Essential for viral activation of IRF3. Mediates polyubiquitination of CYP3A4.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyzes the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.

Supplier: Bioss

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-1 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-1, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-1 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

IKK beta Antibody: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NF-kappa B mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli including IL-1, TNF alpha , and bacteria product LPS. NF-kappa B is associated with I kappa B proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NF-kappa B activity. The long-sought I kappa B kinase (IKK), which phosphorylates I kappa B, and mediates I kappa B degradation and NF-kappa B activation, was recently identified by several laboratories. IKK is a serine protein kinase, and the IKK complex contains alpha and beta subunits (IKK alpha and IKK beta ). IKK alpha and IKK beta interact with each other and both are essential for NF-kappa B activation. IKK beta phosphorylates both I kappa B-alpha and I kappa B-beta. IKK beta is expressed in variety of human tissues.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

KANK3 Antibody: Ankyrins are membrane adaptor molecules that play important roles in the control of cytoskeleton formation by regulating actin polymerization. Like other members of the KANK family, KANK3 (KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 3), is thought to play a role in the formation of actin stress fibers. In zebrafish, the homolog of KANK3 interacts with the adaptor protein Numb, a protein implicated in multiple basic cellular processes, and is essential for epidermal integrity and neurulation, suggesting that KANK3 may play a similar role in higher organisms.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 C (UBE2C) is a 179 amino acid enzyme that belongs to the Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme family. UBE2C is highly expressed in tumour tissues and at low levels in most adult normal tissues. UBE2C is required for the destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression. UBE2C accepts Ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyses its covalent attachment to other proteins. It acts as an essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and targets for destruction substrates from the preceding mitosis (Cyclin A, Cyclin B, Securin, Geminin).

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 4 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires recruitment of transcriptional coactivators such as CREBPB and EP3. Activity is enhanced by interaction with both, NCOA1 or NCOA2. Interaction with redox regulatory protein APEX seems to activate CTAD and potentiates activation by NCOA1 and CREBBP. Involved in the axonal distribution and transport of mitochondria in neurons during hypoxia.

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 4 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires recruitment of transcriptional coactivators such as CREBPB and EP3. Activity is enhanced by interaction with both, NCOA1 or NCOA2. Interaction with redox regulatory protein APEX seems to activate CTAD and potentiates activation by NCOA1 and CREBBP. Involved in the axonal distribution and transport of mitochondria in neurons during hypoxia.

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 4 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires recruitment of transcriptional coactivators such as CREBPB and EP3. Activity is enhanced by interaction with both, NCOA1 or NCOA2. Interaction with redox regulatory protein APEX seems to activate CTAD and potentiates activation by NCOA1 and CREBBP. Involved in the axonal distribution and transport of mitochondria in neurons during hypoxia.

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.

Supplier: Bioss

The Drosophila atonal gene produces a protein with basic helix loop helix (bHLH) domains that plays an essential role in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Mammalian atonal homolog 2 (MATH-2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that is structurally homologous to the product of Drosophila atonal gene. MATH-2 is a 337 amino acid protein with an atonal-related basic HLH domain. In mice, expression of MATH-2 takes place by embryonic day 11.5 and initially localizes to the wall of brain vesicles and in the spinal cord. It is expressed in the cortical plate and the mantle layer in the developing central nervous system, and is limited to the nervous system in adults. Adult mouse cerebrums produce a high level of MATH-2 RNA with lower levels in other neuronal tissues. Research studies suggest that MATH-2 may function as a trans-acting factor involved in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system.