"Other Essentials"

Supplier: Bioss

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) produce mitogenic and angiogenic effects in target cells by signaling through the cellular surface tyrosine kinase receptors. There are four members of the FGF receptor family: FGFR-1 (flg), FGFR-2 (bek, KGFR), FGFR-3 and FGFR-4. Each receptor contains an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic kinase domain (1). Following ligand binding and dimerization, the receptors are phosphorylated at specific tyrosine residues (2). Seven tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of FGFR-1 can be phosphorylated: Tyr463, Tyr583, Tyr585, Tyr653, Tyr654, Tyr730 and Tyr766. Tyrosine 653 and 654 are important for catalytic activity of the activated FGFR and are essential for signaling (3). The other phosphorylated tyrosine residues may provide docking sites for downstream signaling components such as Crk and PLCgamma.

Supplier: Bioss

LGI4, also known as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 4, is a 537 amino acid secreted glycosylated protein that is widely expressed, with highest levels found within the nervous system. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown studies of LGI4 expression in Schwann cells have been shown to result in the inhibition of myelination, thus suggesting that LGI4 is an essential component of myelin formation and axon segregation. LGI4 shares significant homology with its other family members, LGI1, LGI2 and LGI3. Significantly, mutations in the gene encoding LGI1 have been linked to human temporal lobe epilepsy and, given the sequence similarity of LGI4, it is likely that it also may be implicated in the pathology of seizures. LGI4 is localized subcellularly to the Golgi, ER and vesicles. There are two isoforms of LGI4 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

LGI4, also known as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 4, is a 537 amino acid secreted glycosylated protein that is widely expressed, with highest levels found within the nervous system. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown studies of LGI4 expression in Schwann cells have been shown to result in the inhibition of myelination, thus suggesting that LGI4 is an essential component of myelin formation and axon segregation. LGI4 shares significant homology with its other family members, LGI1, LGI2 and LGI3. Significantly, mutations in the gene encoding LGI1 have been linked to human temporal lobe epilepsy and, given the sequence similarity of LGI4, it is likely that it also may be implicated in the pathology of seizures. LGI4 is localised subcellularly to the Golgi, ER and vesicles. There are two isoforms of LGI4 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

LGI4, also known as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 4, is a 537 amino acid secreted glycosylated protein that is widely expressed, with highest levels found within the nervous system. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown studies of LGI4 expression in Schwann cells have been shown to result in the inhibition of myelination, thus suggesting that LGI4 is an essential component of myelin formation and axon segregation. LGI4 shares significant homology with its other family members, LGI1, LGI2 and LGI3. Significantly, mutations in the gene encoding LGI1 have been linked to human temporal lobe epilepsy and, given the sequence similarity of LGI4, it is likely that it also may be implicated in the pathology of seizures. LGI4 is localised subcellularly to the Golgi, ER and vesicles. There are two isoforms of LGI4 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Carbonic Anhydrase 4 (CA4) belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family. Alpha-carbonic anhydrase is a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Carbonic anhydrase 4 is a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane isozyme expressed on the luminal surfaces of pulmonary (and certain other) capillaries and proximal renal tubules. Carbonic anhydrase 4 may stimulate the sodium/bicarbonate transporter activity of SLC4A4 that acts in pH homeostasis. It may have a role in inherited renal abnormalities of bicarbonate transport. Furthermore, Carbonic anhydrase 4 is essential for acid overload removal from the retina and retina epithelium and acid release in the choriocapillaris.

Supplier: Biorbyt

Anti-POLR2H Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

SHROOM3 Antibody: SHROOM family members play diverse roles in the development of the nervous system and other tissues. SHROOM3 is an actin-binding protein is a regulator of the microtubule cytoskeleton during epithelial morphogenesis and is sufficient and necessary to induce a redistribution of the microtubule regulator gamma-tubulin. It is necessary for both apiscobasal cell elongation and apical constriction in the neural epithelium. SHROOM3 has also been shown to be essential for cell shape changes and morphogenesis in the developing vertebrate gut, with its transcription relying on the Pitx1 transcription factor.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

NSF (N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein) is a critical component of the SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptors) protein complex that is involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking. Specifically, NSF has been found to be essential in membrane fusion. Furthermore, NSF has been recently demonstrated to bind other protein complexes such as AMPA receptor subunits (GluR2), GATE-16, LMA-1 and Rabs suggesting a more diverse role in the assembly of various protein complexes (Whiteheart et al., 2004).

Supplier: Bioss

LGI4, also known as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 4, is a 537 amino acid secreted glycosylated protein that is widely expressed, with highest levels found within the nervous system. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown studies of LGI4 expression in Schwann cells have been shown to result in the inhibition of myelination, thus suggesting that LGI4 is an essential component of myelin formation and axon segregation. LGI4 shares significant homology with its other family members, LGI1, LGI2 and LGI3. Significantly, mutations in the gene encoding LGI1 have been linked to human temporal lobe epilepsy and, given the sequence similarity of LGI4, it is likely that it also may be implicated in the pathology of seizures. LGI4 is localized subcellularly to the Golgi, ER and vesicles. There are two isoforms of LGI4 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

LGI4, also known as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 4, is a 537 amino acid secreted glycosylated protein that is widely expressed, with highest levels found within the nervous system. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown studies of LGI4 expression in Schwann cells have been shown to result in the inhibition of myelination, thus suggesting that LGI4 is an essential component of myelin formation and axon segregation. LGI4 shares significant homology with its other family members, LGI1, LGI2 and LGI3. Significantly, mutations in the gene encoding LGI1 have been linked to human temporal lobe epilepsy and, given the sequence similarity of LGI4, it is likely that it also may be implicated in the pathology of seizures. LGI4 is localized subcellularly to the Golgi, ER and vesicles. There are two isoforms of LGI4 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

LGI4, also known as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 4, is a 537 amino acid secreted glycosylated protein that is widely expressed, with highest levels found within the nervous system. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown studies of LGI4 expression in Schwann cells have been shown to result in the inhibition of myelination, thus suggesting that LGI4 is an essential component of myelin formation and axon segregation. LGI4 shares significant homology with its other family members, LGI1, LGI2 and LGI3. Significantly, mutations in the gene encoding LGI1 have been linked to human temporal lobe epilepsy and, given the sequence similarity of LGI4, it is likely that it also may be implicated in the pathology of seizures. LGI4 is localized subcellularly to the Golgi, ER and vesicles. There are two isoforms of LGI4 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

LGI4, also known as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 4, is a 537 amino acid secreted glycosylated protein that is widely expressed, with highest levels found within the nervous system. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown studies of LGI4 expression in Schwann cells have been shown to result in the inhibition of myelination, thus suggesting that LGI4 is an essential component of myelin formation and axon segregation. LGI4 shares significant homology with its other family members, LGI1, LGI2 and LGI3. Significantly, mutations in the gene encoding LGI1 have been linked to human temporal lobe epilepsy and, given the sequence similarity of LGI4, it is likely that it also may be implicated in the pathology of seizures. LGI4 is localized subcellularly to the Golgi, ER and vesicles. There are two isoforms of LGI4 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) produce mitogenic and angiogenic effects in target cells by signaling through the cellular surface tyrosine kinase receptors. There are four members of the FGF receptor family: FGFR-1 (flg), FGFR-2 (bek, KGFR), FGFR-3 and FGFR-4. Each receptor contains an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic kinase domain (1). Following ligand binding and dimerization, the receptors are phosphorylated at specific tyrosine residues (2). Seven tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of FGFR-1 can be phosphorylated: Tyr463, Tyr583, Tyr585, Tyr653, Tyr654, Tyr730 and Tyr766. Tyrosine 653 and 654 are important for catalytic activity of the activated FGFR and are essential for signaling (3). The other phosphorylated tyrosine residues may provide docking sites for downstream signaling components such as Crk and PLCgamma.

Supplier: Bioss

Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins.

Supplier: Bioss

Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins.