111655 Results for: "Ethyl+3-iodobenzoate&pageNo=10&view=list"

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) is a member of the FGF family, and acts exclusively through a subset of FGF receptor isoforms expressed predominantly by epithelial cells (Finch and Rubin). FGF-7 seems to act specifically on epithelial cells and stimulates proliferation, migration, and differentiation of these cells, and also participates in epithelial protection and repair both in vitro and in vivo (Finch and Rubin; Werner). In contrast, FGF-7 is produced solely by cells of mesenchymal origin, and functions as a paracrine mediator of mesenchymal-epithelial communication (Rubin et al.). FGF-7 has also been shown to supplement several wound-healing properties of bioengineered skin (Erdag et al.) and to induce autophagy in human keratinocytes (Belleudi et al.). Additionally, FGF-7 has a role in pluripotent stem cell differentiation to endodermal pancreatic-like insulin-producing cells and thymic epithelial cells (Inami et al.; Niu et al.).

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

F10 is the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor X of the blood coagulation cascade. This factor undergoes multiple processing steps before its preproprotein is converted to a mature two-chain form by the excision of the tripeptide RKR. Two chains of the factor are held together by 1 or more disulfide bonds; the light chain contains 2 EGF-like domains, while the heavy chain contains the catalytic domain which is structurally homologous to those of the other hemostatic serine proteases. The mature factor is activated by the cleavage of the activation peptide by factor IXa (in the intrisic pathway), or by factor VIIa (in the extrinsic pathway). The activated factor then converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, Ca+2, and phospholipid during blood clotting.This gene encodes the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor X of the blood coagulation cascade. This factor undergoes multiple processing steps before its preproprotein is converted to a mature two-chain form by the excision of the tripeptide RKR. Two chains of the factor are held together by 1 or more disulfide bonds; the light chain contains 2 EGF-like domains, while the heavy chain contains the catalytic domain which is structurally homologous to those of the other hemostatic serine proteases. The mature factor is activated by the cleavage of the activation peptide by factor IXa (in the intrisic pathway), or by factor VIIa (in the extrinsic pathway). The activated factor then converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, Ca+2, and phospholipid during blood clotting. Mutations of this gene result in factor X deficiency, a hemorrhagic condition of variable severity. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: EPPENDORF

Unleash the power of precision in DNA research with Eppendorf® DNA LoBind® tubes. Engineered with proprietary LoBind® technology, these microcentrifuge tubes redefine sample handling, minimising the risk of loss and maximising DNA recovery. Ideal for low-concentration applications, including PCR, qPCR, and DNA sequencing, these tubes ensure accuracy, purity, and optimal yields.

Supplier: EPPENDORF

Eppendorf's twin.tec® 96-well, 150 µl PCR Plates feature a polycarbonate frame and thin-walled polypropylene wells ensuring optimal heat transfer and high rigidity. The SafeCode variants enhance sample identification, while the BioBased options, manufactured using renewable resources, provide an eco-friendly alternative without compromising performance.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates NF-kB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Activated T cells and macrophages are the primary producers of TNF-α in response to inflammation and infectious conditions. Many other cell types have been shown to produce TNF-α, among them B cells, NK cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, microglia, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts. TNF-α has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro by stimulating anti-tumor immuno- suppressive responses. TNF-α stimulates expression of E- and P-selectins, thus facilitating adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and memory T cells to activated platelets and endothelial cells (Zelová and Hosek). Other effects of TNF-α include vasodilatation and edema formation. This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a species-specific pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the survival and proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and lineage-committed progenitor cells and their differentiation into mature cells of most lineages, including mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes (Fung et al.; Metcalf et al.; Broughton et al.). IL-3 is produced by activated T cells, and has a physiological role in inflammation and allergies by promoting the secretion of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, IL-4, and IL-6 by mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. The mouse IL-3 receptor consists of a unique alpha-subunit (CD123) and two beta subunits, one specific for IL-3 (βIL-3), the other shared with the receptors for IL-5 and GM-CSF (beta common chain, βc or CD131). IL-3 binding to heterodimeric receptors containing the alpha subunit and one of either beta subunits activates JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K signaling pathways (Scott and Begley).

Supplier: IKA

The IC immersion circulators have an extended temperature range for tempering fluids in open and covered water baths up to 200/250 °C. The LED/ graphic TFT Display illustrates all relevant process parameters. Units feature push and turn buttons for intuitive menu navigation. IC immersion circulators ensure short heating up times and have a temperature stability of ±0,01/0,02 K (basic/control model). Both models feature optical and acoustic safety warnings, an adjustable safety circuit, a powerful pressure/suction pump and can be used for internal and external applications.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobin G (Fc gamma R) are divided into three classes and Fc gamma RIII is a multifunctional, low/intermediate affinity receptor. In humans, Fc gamma RIII is expressed as two distinct forms (Fc gamma RIIIA and Fc gamma RIIIB) that are encoded by two different but highly homologous genes in a cell type-specific manner. Fc gamma RIIIB is a low-affinity, GPI-linked receptor expressed by neutrophils and eosinophils, whereas Fc gamma RIIIA is an intermediate affinity polypeptide-anchored transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by a subset of T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, and macrophages. The Fc gamma RIIIA receptor is involved in phagocytosis, secretion of enzymes, inflammatory mediators, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), mast cell degranulation, and clearance of immune complexes. Fc gamma RIIIA has an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain and delivers an activation signal in the immune responses. Aberrant expression or mutations in this gene is implicated in susceptibility to recurrent viral infections, systemic lupus erythematosus, and alloimmune neonatal neutropenia. In humans, it is a 50 -70 kD type I transmembrane activating receptor. The Fc gamma RIIIA cDNA encodes 254 amino acid including a 16aa signal sequence, 191 amino acid ECD with two C2-type Ig-like domains, five potential N-glycosylation sites, a 22 amino acid transmembrane sequence and a 25 amino acid cytoplasmic domain.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with one intramolecular disulphide bond and variable glycosylation. It is secreted by activated T cells and induces proliferation and maturation of activated T cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. IL-2 also stimulates proliferation of antibody-producing B cells, activates neutrophils and induces mononuclear cells to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and -beta. Moreover, studies have shown that IL-2 is required for activation-induced apoptosis, an important homeostatic mechanism in the immune system, which is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and particularly naive T cells. IL-2 signalling on activated T cells is effected through a quaternary high-affinity receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells are relatively insensitive to IL-2 as they only express small amounts of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. They only acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to the IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma receptors. IL-2 Superkine (Fc) is an artificial variant of IL-2 containing mutations at positions L80F / R81D / L85V / I 86V / I92F. These mutations are located in the molecule's core that acts to stabilize the structure and to give it a receptor-binding conformation mimicking native IL-2 bound to CD25. These mutations effectively eliminate the functional requirement of IL-2 for CD25 expression and elicit proliferation of T cells. Compared to IL-2, the IL-2 superkine induces superior expansion of cytotoxic T cells, leading to improved antitumor responses in vivo, and elicits proportionally less toxicity by lowering the expansion of Tregulatory cells and reducing pulmonary oedema.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

For customers in cell and gene therapy and vaccine production, the CryoMed with OPC UA provides precise, repeatable freezing results that protect samples from intracellular freezing. The CryoMed features OPC UA serial communication (ethernet) capabilities, comes standard factory certifications, provides enhanced data traceability via a touch screen user interface and offers customizable freezing profiles while supporting 21 CFR part 11 and GMP needs.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a species-specific pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the survival and proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and lineage-committed progenitor cells and their differentiation into mature cells of most lineages, including basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes (Yang et al.; Dorssers et al.; Broughton et al.). IL-3 is produced by activated T cells and has a physiological role in inflammation and allergies by promoting the secretion of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, IL-4, and IL-6 by basophils and eosinophils (Broughton et al.). The IL-3 receptor consists of a unique alpha subunit (CD123) and a beta common subunit (βc or CD131) that is shared with the receptors for IL-5 and GM-CSF, and is the principal signal transduction subunit for these cytokines. IL-3 binding to the heterodimeric receptor activates JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K signaling pathways (Woodcock et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of interleukin 6 (IL-6) family of cytokines and bears close resemblance to leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in amino acid sequence and its modulation of differentiation in a variety of cell types (Rose and Bruce). OSM signals through type I receptor (consisting of gp130 and LIF receptor (LIFR)) and type II receptor (consisting of gp130 and OSM receptor (OSMR)), which eventually activate the JAK/STAT pathway (Auguste et al.; Gómez-Lechón). OSM is primarily produced by activated T cells and monocytes, and also by activated macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells. OSM is also produced within the bone microenvironment by cells of both hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin including osteocytes and osteoblasts. OSM is involved in differentiation, cell proliferation, hematopoiesis, and inflammation, and also has been shown to have implications in liver development, bone formation and resorption (Sims and Quinn; Tanaka and Miyajima).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), also known as CCL3, is a member of the CC family of chemokines and is most closely related to CCL4 or MIP-1 beta. Mouse MIP-1 alpha signal through CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, and D6 receptors (Menten et al.). MIP-1 alpha exhibits a variety of proinflammatory activities in vitro, including leukocyte chemotaxis, cytokine production, and mast cell activation, and it inhibits the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo (Cook). MIP-1 alpha plays a critical role in macrophage recruitment into wounds and in tissue repair (DiPietro et al.). It has been demonstrated that blockade of the CCL3/MIP-1 alpha-CCR1 pathway blocks the recruitment of CCR1-expressing CD4+ T cells to the liver, showing a therapeutic potential for treating T cell-mediated liver diseases (Ajuebor et al.).

Supplier: AGILENT

BL21 competent cells are an all-purpose strain for high-level protein expression and easy induction.

Supplier: OMEGA BIO-TEK

E-Z® 96 DNA plates are silica glass fibre plates can bind up to 50 μg of genomic DNA or 20 μg of plasmid DNA per prep. Each well has a capacity of 1 ml and the plates are semi skirted. E-Z 96 DNA plates can be processed in vacuum manifolds and/or by centrifugation.

Supplier: VWR Collection

User friendly instrument, with articulated electrode stand and IP 43-rated housing, provides high resolution and accuracy for precise multi-parameter measurements. This meter can either measure pH/mV and conductivity or pH/mV and oxygen simultaneously. Complete with USB output for connection to a computer. GLP compliant.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a monomeric cytokine that was originally identified as a T cell growth factor (Gaffen and Liu). It binds to heterotrimeric receptors consisting of CD25, CD122, and CD132. Upon binding, it activates JAK3-, STAT5-, and AKT-dependent signaling pathways, which results in cellular proliferation and survival (Ma et al.). The majority of IL-2 is secreted by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, although B cells and dendritic cells were found to produce IL-2 in small amounts. IL-2 downregulates immune responses to prevent autoimmunity during thymic development, influences the development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, and affects development of follicular helper T cells. IL-2 also controls inflammation by inhibiting Th17 differentiation (Banchereau et al.). High IL-2 levels in serum are associated with progression of scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and gastric and non-small cell lung cancer, though no known disease can be directly attributed to the lack or excess of IL-2 (Gaffen and Liu).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic growth factor with a wide range of biological activities in immune regulation, hematopoiesis, and oncogenesis. IL-6 is produced by a variety of cell types including T cells, B cells, monocytes and macrophages, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and various tumor cell lines. On its own or in combination with other factors such as IL-2 and interferon-γ, IL-6 stimulates the proliferation of B cells, T cells, and hybridoma cells (Nordan et al.; Van Snick et al.; Gauldie et al.; Mihara et al.; Tanaka et al). In combination with cytokines such as IL-3, GM-CSF, and SCF, IL-6 has been shown to promote hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. IL-6 signals through a cell surface type I cytokine receptor complex consisting of the ligand-binding IL-6α (CD126) and the signal-transducing gp130 subunits. The binding of IL-6 to its receptor system includes activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway (Mihara et al.; Peters et al; Tanaka et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a member of the VEGF/platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family of proteins. VEGF-D is a potent angiogenic factor and promotes lymphangiogenesis, endothelial cell growth and survival, and can affect blood vessel permeability. VEGF-D is expressed in the lung, heart, small intestine, fetal lung, and at lower levels in the pancreas, colon, and skeletal muscle (Otrock et al.; Roy et al.; Stacker et al.; Yamada et al.). VEGF-D is a ligand for VEGF receptors 2 (Flk1) and 3 (Flt4) (Baldwin et al.). VEFGR-3 is highly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is essential for their growth and differentiation (Otrock et al.; Roy et al.). Binding of VEGF-D to neuropilins contributes to VEGFR-3 signaling during lymphangiogenesis, whereas binding to integrin α9β1 promotes endothelial cell adhesion and migration (Roy et al.; Otrock et al.). During embryogenesis, VEGF-D also plays a role in the formation of the venous and lymphatic systems.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) is a member of the IL-1 family and a dual-function cytokine. Both the unprocessed precursor and a processed IL-1α protein signal through IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). Various cells, including keratinocytes, thymic epithelium, hepatocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and the epithelial cells of mucous membranes, have high levels of intracellular IL-1α precursor. The precursor is also expressed on the surface of monocytes and B lymphocytes (Netea et al.). IL-1α recruits infiltrating cells to a site of injury during necrosis and plays an important role during processes of sterile inflammation (Cohen et al.; Rider et al.). During hypoxia, IL-1α contributes to angiogenesis (Carmi et al.). Studies in mice show that IL-1α is produced by microglia-like cells after ischemic brain injury, which contributes to the inflammation (Luheshi et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family of glycoproteins that regulate hematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. It is a key cytokine involved in the production of neutrophils and the stimulation of granulocyte colony formation from hematopoietic progenitor cells (Metcalf and Nicola). G-CSF causes a range of effects including a transient reduction of SDF-1 expression (Petit et al.), the activation of metalloproteases that cleave VCAM-1 (Levesque et al.), and the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nervous system (Katayama et al.), leading to the release or mobilisation of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the periphery. The G-CSF receptor is expressed on a variety of hematopoietic cells, including myeloid-committed progenitor cells, neutrophils, granulocytes, and monocytes. In addition to hematopoietic cells, G-CSF is also expressed in cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, mesothelial cells, and endothelial cells. Binding of G-CSF to its receptor leads to activation of the JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K, and AKT signal transduction pathways. This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: Portwest

This jacket offers exceptional weather protection, comfort, and warmth while utilising the latest innovations in recycled fabrics. The outer shell, lining, and wadding are certified recycled polyester, and the packaging is derived from sugarcane, allowing the wearer to champion sustainability without compromising on performance.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a monomeric cytokine that was originally identified as a T cell growth factor (Gaffen and Liu). It binds to heterotrimeric receptors consisting of CD25, CD122, and CD132. Upon binding, it activates JAK3-, STAT5-, and AKT-dependent signaling pathways, which results in cellular proliferation and survival (Ma et al.). The majority of IL-2 is secreted by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, although B cells and dendritic cells were found to produce IL-2 in small amounts. IL-2 downregulates immune responses to prevent autoimmunity during thymic development, influences the development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, and affects development of follicular helper T cells. IL-2 also controls inflammation by inhibiting Th17 differentiation (Banchereau et al.). High IL-2 levels in serum are associated with progression of scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and gastric and non-small cell lung cancer, though no known disease can be directly attributed to the lack or excess of IL-2 (Gaffen and Liu).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family of glycoproteins that regulate hematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. It is a key cytokine involved in the production of neutrophils and the stimulation of granulocyte colony formation from hematopoietic progenitor cells (Metcalf andamp; Nicola). G-CSF causes a range of effects including a transient reduction of SDF-1 expression (Petit et al.), the activation of metalloproteases that cleave VCAM-1 (Levesque et al.), and the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nervous system (Katayama et al.), leading to the release or mobilisation of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the periphery. The G-CSF receptor is expressed on a variety of hematopoietic cells, including myeloid-committed progenitor cells, neutrophils, granulocytes, and monocytes. In addition to hematopoietic cells, G-CSF is also expressed in cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, mesothelial cells, and endothelial cells. Binding of G-CSF to its receptor leads to activation of the JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K, and AKT signal transduction pathways.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

BAFF is mainly produced by innate immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells. T cells, activated B cells, some malignant B cells and also non-lymphoid cells like astrocytes, synoviocytes and epithelial cells can also produce BAFF. BAFF binds three distinct receptors (BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA) expressed predominantly on B cells, although activated T cells also express BAFF-R. BAFF is a master regulator of peripheral B cell survival, and together with IL-6, promotes Ig class-switching and plasma cell differentiation. Besides its major role in B cell biology, BAFF co-stimulates activated T cells. Deregulated expression of BAFF leads to autoimmune disorders in mice. In humans, elevated levels of soluble BAFF have been detected in the serum of patients with various autoimmune diseases such as Sjoegren syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). BAFF has also increased levels in some lymphoid cancers. Processed human BAFF can either remain as a trimer, which is usual for TNF family ligands or assemble into 60-mer composed of 20 trimers. Mouse BAFF 60-mer has been identified in the serum of BAFF transgenic mice. Oligomerisation of BAFF 3-mer into 60-mer in human BAFF is prevented by mutation of His218, a residue critical for 3-mer-to-3-mer interactions, but not for receptor binding. Despite the predominant functional role of processed BAFF in vivo, membrane-bound BAFF might also play a role. Indeed, soluble BAFF (3-mer) can trigger BAFF-R but not TACI or BCMA, whereas oligomeric forms of BAFF (BAFF 60-mer), which mimic membrane-bound BAFF, activate all BAFF receptors.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (Anderson et al.). Cytokines in the TNF superfamily are involved in a variety of long-term cellular activities such as differentiation, proliferation, and cell death (MacEwan). RANKL is a type II homotrimeric transmembrane protein expressed in both a membrane-bound and secreted form (Ikeda et al.). RANKL binds to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK). Upon binding to its receptor, RANKL activates the AKT signaling pathway (Moon et al.). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) may also bind RANKL, and this binding competes with RANKL-RANK binding (Lacey et al.). RANKL is involved in osteoclastogenesis (Lacey et al.; Yasuda et al.) and T cell activation (Wong et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Betacellulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, and signals through EGF receptor and ERBB4. It activates ERK and AKT pathways, which induces neural stem cell proliferation and prevents spontaneous differentiation in culture. Betacellulin stimulates the expansion of neural stem cells, transit-amplifying cells, and neuroblasts derived from subventricular zone and dentate gyrus (Gómez-Gaviro et al.). It is a potent mitogen for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Betacellulin down-regulates E-cadherin expression in ovarian cancer cell lines via MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, thus increasing cell migration (Zhao et al.). It is a modulator of interferon (IFN) response and enhances anti-viral effects of IFN (Al-Yahya et al.). Betacellulin is expressed in pancreatic α cells, β cells, and duct cells. It induces the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines, inhibits apoptosis, promotes the neogenesis of β cells, and converts non-β cells into insulin-producing cells (Kawaguchi et al.; Miyagawa al.; Saito et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 9 (IL-9) has pleiotropic functions in the immune system and signals through its specific IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) (Renauld et al.). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway mainly targets the downstream activation of JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) and subsequent phosphorylation cascades initiated by multiple kinases including IRS–PI3K–PKB (insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinases, protein kinase-B) and ERK (Knoops and Renauld; Fontaine et al.). IL-9 has been shown to have a role in Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation and in regulatory T cell responses (Singh et al.; Goswami and Kaplan). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway represents a novel endogenous anti-apoptotic mechanism for cortical neurons (Fontaine et al.). IL-9 secreting T cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to both effective immunity and immunopathological disease, and have been shown to have a role in the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease (Kaplan et al.).

Supplier: Quantabio

Ultra-Plex™ 1-Step ToughMix® is a ready-to-use, 4X-concentrated master mix for reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of RNA templates using hybridisation probe detection chemistries such as TaqMan® 5’-hydrolysis probes on Real-Time PCR systems that utilise ROX passive reference with 490 nM excitation. First-strand cDNA synthesis and PCR amplification are carried out in the same tube without opening between procedures. It is ideal for highly sensitive quantification of RNA viruses or low abundance RNA targets in uni- or multiplexed RT-qPCR applications as well as high throughput gene-expression studies. The system has been optimised to deliver maximum RT-qPCR efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity in reduced reaction volumes and fast cycle times. Ultra-Plex™ 1-Step ToughMix® contains all required components for RT-qPCR except RNA template and probe. It is compatible with all dual-labeled probe chemistries.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein consisting of two disulfide bridge-stabilized polypeptide chains, A and B, which are assembled as heterodimers (PDGF-AB) or homodimers (PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB) (Fretto et al.; Westermark and Heldin). PDGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta. It has been shown that PDGF-induced migration involves signaling pathways involving MEK/ERK, EGFR, Src, and PI3K/AKT (Kim et al.). PDGF is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin- like fibroblasts, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortic tissues (Fretto et al.; Sachinidis et al.). It has been shown that PDGF-AB together with 5-Azacytidine (Catalog #72012), induces the conversion of mature bone and fat cells into tissue-regenerative multipotent stem cells (Chandrakanthan et al.).