72049 Results for: "Enzymes&pageNo=50&view=list"

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Chlorite dismutase (Cld) found in prokaryotic organisms, also known as Chlorite O2-lyase, is a b-type heme containing enzyme that catalyses the reduction of chlorite into chloride plus dioxygen. The subunit of chlorite dismutase consists of a heme free N-terminal and a heme b containing C-terminal ferredoxin-like fold with high structural homology to the dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs). The physiological role of Cld in prokaryote has been shown that some microorganisms can use perchlorate or chlorate as terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration thereby producing chlorite that must be detoxified. This enzyme has gained attention because it can be used in the development of bioremediation processes, biosensors, and controlled dioxygen production.

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Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3(GALNT3) belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family and galNAc-T subfamily. It expressed in organs that contain secretory epithelial glands and it highly expressed in pancreas, skin, kidney and testis. There are two conserved domains in the glycosyltransferase region: the N-terminal domain (domain A, also called GT1 motif), which is probably involved in manganese coordination and substrate binding and the C-terminal domain (domain B, also called Gal/GalNAc-T motif), which is probably involved in catalytic reaction and UDP-Gal binding .This protein plays a major role in regulating phosphate levels within the body (phosphate homeostasis). Among its many functions, phosphate plays a critical role in the formation and growth of bones in childhood and helps maintain bone strength in adults.

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UBA5 is a member of the ubiquitin-activating E1 family and UBA5 subfamily. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are recognised as covalently conjugated to various cellular substrates by a three-step enzymatic pathway. The ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) has a vital role in the first step of ubiquitination pathway to activate ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins. UBA5 activates ubiquitin-fold modifier 1, a ubiquitin-like post-translational modifier protein, via the formation of a high-energy thioester bond. UBA5 is located primarily in cytoplasm, while it generally localises to the nucleus in presence of SUMO2.

Supplier: Bohlender

Tandem shaped magnetic stirrer bars with magnetic core of Alnico 5 encapsulated in PTFE. The centre bore structure is used for receiving bearing neck or a glass neck. In these stirrer bars reduction of running surface to a ring minimises friction and increases lifespan.

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Bcl-2-Like Protein 1 (BCL2L1) is a member of the Bcl-2 family. BCL2L1 is expressed at high levels in cells that undergo a high rate of turnover, such as developing lymphocytes. BCL2L1 is a mitochondrial membrane protein. BCL2L1 contains four motifs, BH1, BH2 and BH4. The BH4 motif is required for anti-apoptotic activity. The BH1 and BH2 motifs are required for both heterodimerization with other Bcl-2 family members and for repression of cell death. BCL2L1 regulates cell death by blocking the voltage-dependent anion channnel (VDAC) and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. In addition, BCL2L1 promotes apoptosis.

Supplier: Merck

Ready-to-use media solve numerous problems in microbiology laboratories where time, equipment and trained personnel are often in short supply. These media are available in convenient, single test 2 ml plastic ampoules, eliminating the manipulation of glass ampoules and avoiding the waste and spoilage associated with bulk packaged media. Manufacturing and testing of ampouled media is conducted in strict accordance with precise quality control procedures to ensure optimal growth and maximum shelf life. Reagent grade water is used to clean glassware and make media. Other factors that affect media stability and performance, such as finished product pH, entrained gases, light exposure and temperature are carefully analyzed and controlled during the manufacturing process.

Supplier: Roth Carl

EGTA (ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid)

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Pentraxin 2 (PTX2), also known as Serum amyloid P (SAP), is a highly conserved, naturally circulating plasma protein and a soluble pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system. The unique binding activities indicated that it may play an important role in the removal of damaged tissue. PTX2 belongs to the pentraxin family, is universally present in amyloid deposits. Mouse with targeted deletion of the PTX2 gene shows retarded and reduced induction of experimental reactive systemic (AA type) amyloidosis confirmed that it does indeed contribute to pathogenesis of amyloidosis and is a valid therapeutic target. In recent discovery, PTX2 can be used as a powerful antifibrotic agent to regulate certain monocyte differentiation states.

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Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival and gene expression. IL-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into helper Th2 cells, characterized by their cytokine-secretion profile that includes secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, which favor a humoral immune response. Another dominant function of IL-4 is the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. Excessive IL-4 production by Th2 cells has been associated with elevated IgE production and allergic response.

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Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein GADD45 Υ (GADD45G) is a nuclear protein which belongs to the GADD45 family. GADD45G is highly expressed in placenta. GADD45G interacts with various proteins whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. GADD45G responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. GADD45G is also involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis. GADD45G inhibits cell growth and differentiation by androgens. The mRNA expression is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Supplier: Merck

Copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate, Sigma-Aldrich®

Supplier: Corning

With an ultraclear film bottom and excellent flatness (whole plate and intra-well), these microplates are ideal for high resolution cellular imaging applications.

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Contactin-2 (CNTN2) is encoded by the CNTN2 gene,which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and contactin family. It contains 4 fibronectin type-III domains and 6 Ig-like C2-type domains. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored neuronal membrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule. CNTN2 may play a role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. In conjunction with another transmembrane protein, CNTNAP2, contributes to the organisation of axonal domains at nodes of Ranvier by maintaining voltage-gated potassium channels at the juxtaparanodal region. It may also be involved in glial tumourigenesis and may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

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Interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (IL5RA) is also known as IL-5 receptor subunit alpha, IL-5R subunit alpha and CD125,which is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and type 5 subfamily.IL5R, a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit, is expressed on eosinophils and basophils. IL5RA / CD125 is the receptor for interleukin-5 (IL5) and the alpha chain can bind to IL5. The WSXWS motif of IL5RA appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding.The beta subunit of IL5R is common to the IL3, IL5 and GM-CSF receptors.

Supplier: Merck

TRIS HCl (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride), Sigma-Aldrich®

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Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), also known as SUMO homologue and SMT3, is a member of the superfamily of ubiquitin-like polypeptides that become covalently attached to various intracellular target proteins as a way to alter their function, location, and/or half-life. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers include SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, and SUMO4. Except for SUMO4, all other SUMOs are ubiquitously expressed, including in the brain. In human, SUMO2 and SUMO3 are two highly homologous proteins, collectively called SUMO2/3. Several studies suggest that SUMO3 are associated with pathogenesis in several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia/stroke.

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Syndecan-1 is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family. The syndecans mediate cell binding, cell signaling, and cytoskeletal organization and syndecan receptors are required for internalization of the HIV-1 tat protein. Human SDC1 is synthesized as a 310 amino acid precursor that contains a 22 amino acid signal sequence, and a 288 amino acid mature chain. The Syndecan-1 protein functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. Altered Syndecan-1 expression has been detected in several different tumor types.

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Tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 27, also known as XEDAR and EDA2R, is a type III transmembrane protein of the TNFR (tumour necrosis factor receptor) superfamily, and contains 3 cysteine-rich repeats and a single transmembrane domain but lacks an N-terminal signal peptide. EDA2R, as well as its paralog, EDAR, binds the ectodysplasin ligands EDA-A2 and EDA-A1, which are two alternatively spliced forms of the EDA gene. Mutations in the EDA gene are associated with the X-linked form of Hypo hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED), a disease typically characterized by abnormal hair, teeth and sweat glands.

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Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Intracellular-Binding Protein (FIBP) is highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FIBP is an intracellular protein that binds selectively to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). It is postulated that FIBP may be involved in the mitogenic action of aFGF.

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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. LIF has a number of other activities including cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone and fat metabolism, mitogenesis of certain factor dependent cell lines and promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and murine mature LIF exhibit a 78% sequence identity at the amino acid level. Human LIF is equally active on human and mouse cells. Murine LIF is approximately 1000 fold less active on human cells than human LIF.

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Cadherin-11 is a type II classical cadherin member of the cadherin superfamily of integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Cadherins interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells, and thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Cadherin-11 contains five cadherin domains and is mainly expressed in the brain. Mature cadherin proteins consists of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. It is shown that Cadherin-11 is a viable molecular target for therapeutic intervention in Glioblastoma multiforme.

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Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2RA) is a single-pass type I membrane protein, contains 2 Sushi (CCP/SCR) domains. The interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor alpha (IL2RA) and beta (IL2RB) chains, together with the common gamma chain (IL2RG), constitute the high-affinity IL2 receptor. Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor, while homodimeric beta (IL2RB) chains produce a medium-affinity receptor. Normally an integral-membrane protein, soluble IL2RA has been isolated and determined to result from extracellular proteolyisis.

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Thymopentin is a member of the LEM family. Thymopentin is expressed in many tissues, highly in the adult thymus and fetal liver. The N-terminal contains two structurally independent domains, LEM domain and LEM-like domain. The C-terminal domain forms a four-stranded coiled coil. Thymopentin may be involved in the structural organization of the nucleus and in the post-mitotic nuclear assembly. It is associated with T-cell development and function. Meantime, Thymopentin plays an important role, together with LMNA, in the nuclear anchorage of RB1. Thymopoietin is participated in the induction of CD90 in the thymus.

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Low Molecular Weight Phosphotyrosine Protein Phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is a member of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family. LMW-PTP serves as an acid phosphatase and a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) by hydrolyzing protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate. LMW-PTP can be detected in all human tissues, including adipocytes. LMW-PTP is a cytosolic enzyme that regulate cell proliferation and growth of leiomyomas during dephosphorylation of the PDGF receptor. In addition, LMW-PTP plays an important role in the regulation of physiological functions, such as stress resistance and synthesis of the polysaccharide capsule.

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Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor is a original member of the HDGF family. HDGF is a cytoplasmic protein and contains one PWWP domain. HDGF expression levels are high in the nucleus and cytoplasm of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. HDGF has proliferative, angiogenic and neurotrophic activity. HDGF was initially characterized as a secreted mitogen from the Huh-7 human hepatoma cell line. As a heparin-binding protein, which is highly expressed in tumor cells where it stimulates proliferation. HDGF has mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and acts as a transcriptional repressor. It has been shown that HDGF is linked with tumorigenesis and the growth of cancer.

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Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 10C (TNFRSF10C) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein which binds TRAIL with high affinity. TNFRSF10C has the TRAIL-binding extracellular cysteine-rich domains, lacks the intracellular signaling domain. As a result, binding of TRAIL to TRAIL R3 doesn’t transduce an apoptosis signal. The expression of TRAIL R3 gene has been shown to protect cells bearing TRAIL R1 and/or TRAIL R2 from TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

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Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It belongs to the peptidase S1 family and Plasminogen subfamily, contains 4 kringle domains, 1 PAN domain and 1 peptidase S1 domain. HGF regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signalling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor. HGF is secreted by mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin. Its ability to stimulate mitogenesis, cell motility, and matrix invasion gives it a central role in angiogenesis, tumourogenesis, and tissue regeneration.

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CUB domain-containing protein 1(CDCP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a large extracellular domain (ECD) containing two CUB domains, and a smaller intracellular domain (ICD) containing five tyrosines. CDCP1 is widely expressed in human epithelial tissues, but its phosphorylation is only seen in mitotically detached or shedding cells, consistent with its role in the negative regulation of cell adhesion. The tyrosine phosphorylation of CDCP1 in cultured cells occurs when cells are induced to detach by trypsinor EDTA, or seen spontaneously during mitotic detachment. The overexpression of CDCP1 leads to the loss of cell adhesion and a detached phenotype.

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Wnts are lipid-modified morphogens that control many processes during development, stem cell maintenance and homeostasis and their aberrant regulation has been linked to diseases in man including diabetes, neurodegeneration and cancer. Three distinct receptor families mediate Wnt signalling: Fzs, the single-pass LRP5/6 co-receptors and the atypical tyrosine kinase receptors Ror2 and Ryk. Frizzled proteins can activate canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signalling as well as non-canonical pathways (Wnt/Ca2+ pathways and planar cell polarity). The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of the frizzled receptors situated on the extracellular part of the receptor is sufficient to bind the Wnt ligands.

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2) belongs to the RRM IMP/VICKZ family. IGFBP2 is a cytoplasmic protein and contains four KH domains and two RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains. IGF2BP2 binds to the 5'-UTR of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA. This binding is isoform-specific. IGF2BP2 may regulate translation of target mRNAs. Genetic variation at the IGF2BP2 gene has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by genome-wide association studies and by replication analyses.