112234 Results for: "DL-Cystine&pageNo=10&view=easy"

Indian hedgehog (IHH) is one of three proteins in the hedgehog family which includes sonic hedgehog and desert hedgehog. Hedgehog proteins are important signaling molecules, acting through patched and smoothened receptors. During embryonic development, they are expressed in the fetal lung, gut, stomach, liver, kidney, and pancreas. IHH is strongly expressed in cartilage and regions of developing bone, and its signaling regulates growth and differentiation of bone tissue (Marigo et al.; Valentini et al.; St-Jacques et al.). IHH is also involved in yolk sac vasculogenesis, indicating a role in the differentiation of epiblast cells into endothelial and red blood cells (Byrd et al.). IHH induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which negatively regulates IHH during chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation (Vortkamp et al.).

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Electronic overhead stirrers, EUROSTAR 60 digital, EUROSTAR 60 control, EUROSTAR 100 digital and EUROSTAR 100 control

Supplier: IKA

Powerful laboratory stirrers for quantities up to 40 or 100 litres (H₂O). Units automatically adjust the speed through microprocessor-controlled technology within the speed range of 0/30 to 2000 min⁻¹ (EUROSTAR 60 models) or 0/30 to 1300 min⁻¹ (EUROSTAR 100 models). Safety circuits ensure automatic cut-off in anti-stall or overload conditions. The actual shaft and pre-set speed are constantly monitored, and variations adjusted automatically. This guarantees a constant speed even with changes in sample viscosities.

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Mouse Recombinant IL-33

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine from the IL-1 family. It binds to the ST2 receptor and activates NF-kB and MAPK pathways. IL-33 is expressed by epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts in various tissues and organs, as well as resting basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, natural helper cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, and activated macrophages (Schmitz et al.; Yasuda et al.). It contributes to allergic inflammation by stimulating production of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in Th2 cells, and stimulates host defense against microbial and viral infections (Liew; Yasuda et al.). In the central nervous system, IL-33 is produced by endothelial cells and astrocytes. It induces proliferation of microglia and mediates production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Yasuoka et al.).

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Anti-HDAC10 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) are enzymes that regulate transcription by selectively deacetylating or acetylating the eta-amino groups of lysines located near the amino termini of core histone proteins (1). Eight members of HDAC family have been identified in the past several years (2,3). These HDAC family members are divided into two classes, I and II. Class I of the HDAC family comprises four members, HDAC-1, 2, 3, and 8, each of which contains a deacetylase domain exhibiting from 45 to 93% identity in amino acid sequence. Class II of the HDAC family comprises HDAC-4, 5, 6, and 7, the molecular weights of which are all about two-fold larger than those of the class I members, and the deacetylase domains are present within the C-terminal regions, except that HDAC-6 contains two copies of the domain, one within each of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Human HDAC-1, 2 and 3 were expressed in various tissues, but the others (HDAC-4, 5, 6, and 7) showed tissue-specific expression patterns (3). These results suggested that each member of the HDAC family exhibits a different, individual substrate specificity and function in vivo. HDAC8 interacts with PEPB2-MYH11, a fusion protein consisting of the 165 N-terminal residues of CBF-beta (PEPB2) with the tail region of MYH11 produced by the inversion Inv(16)(p13q22), a translocation associated with acute myeloid leukemia of M4EO subtype. The PEPB2-MYH1 fusion protein also interacts with RUNX1, a well known transcriptional regulator, suggesting that the interaction with HDAC8 may participate to convert RUNX1 into a constitutive transcriptional repressor.

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Human Recombinant TNF-alpha

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates NF-kB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Activated T cells and macrophages are the primary producers of TNF-α in response to inflammation and infectious conditions. Many other cell types have been shown to produce TNF-α, among them B cells, NK cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, microglia, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts. TNF-α has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro by stimulating anti-tumor immuno- suppressive responses. TNF-α stimulates expression of E- and P-selectins, thus facilitating adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and memory T cells to activated platelets and endothelial cells (Zelová and Hosek). Other effects of TNF-α include vasodilatation and edema formation.

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Mouse Recombinant IL-13

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a type I cytokine, and signals through type I cytokine receptors to activate JAK/STAT and IRS-1/IRS-2 pathways. IL-13 is produced by T cells and innate lymphoid cells (Pulendran and Artis) and it inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by monocytes and macrophages (Hershey). Unlike human B cells, IL-13 has no effect on mouse B cell development and function. IL-13 promotes eosinophil survival, activation, and recruitment, and also activates mast cells (Hershey). IL-13 regulates gastrointestinal parasite expulsion, airway hyperresponsiveness, allergic inflammation, tissue eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, intracellular parasitism, tissue remodeling, tumor cell growth, and fibrosis. IL-13 induces hypercontractility of smooth muscles by directly acting on the muscle cells as well as the enteric nerves (Wynn).

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Human Recombinant IL-3 (E. coli expressed)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a species-specific pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the survival and proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and lineage-committed progenitor cells and their differentiation into mature cells of most lineages, including basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes (Yang et al.; Dorssers et al.; Broughton et al.). IL-3 is produced by activated T cells and has a physiological role in inflammation and allergies by promoting the secretion of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, IL-4, and IL-6 by basophils and eosinophils (Broughton et al.). The IL-3 receptor consists of a unique alpha subunit (CD123) and a beta common subunit (βc or CD131) that is shared with the receptors for IL-5 and GM-CSF, and is the principal signal transduction subunit for these cytokines. IL-3 binding to the heterodimeric receptor activates JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K signaling pathways (Woodcock et al.).