"Biotium"

Supplier: Biotium

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an integral membrane protein that is mutated in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS). SGBS is characterized by pre- and post-natal overgrowth and is a recessive X-linked condition.GPC3 may also be found in a secreted form. Anti-GPC3 has been identified as a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and Wilm s tumor. In patients with HCC, GPC3 is overexpressed in neoplastic liver tissue and elevated in serum, but is undetectable in normal liver, benign liver, and the serum of healthy donors. GPC3 expression is also found to be higher in HCC liver tissue than in cirrhotic liver or liver with focal lesions such as dysplastic nodules and areas of hepatic adenoma (HA) with malignant transformation. In the context of testicular germ cell tumors, GPC3 expression is up regulated in certain histologic subtypes, specifically yolk sac tumors and choriocarcinoma. A high level of GPC3 expression has also been found in some types of embryonal tumors, such as Wilm s tumor and hepatoblastoma, with a low or undetectable expression in normal adjacent tissue. In patients with thyroid cancer, expression of GPC3 is dramatically enhanced in certain types of cancers: 100% in follicular carcinoma and 70% in papillary carcinoma. Expression of GPC3 in follicular carcinoma was significantly higher than that of follicular adenoma. In contrast, GPC 3 is not expressed in anaplastic carcinoma.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a protein of 56.5 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 10 (CK10). CK10 is expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the epidermis, expression of CK10 strictly parallels the extent of differentiation; it is absent in the basal layer, appears in the first suprabasal layers and increases in concentration towards the granular layer. However, CK10 is rarely detected in early stages of vulvar squamous carcinomas (tumors less than 2 cm, clinical stage I) regardless of the tumor grade. In larger and more advanced tumors (greater than 2 cm, clinical stages II and III), CK10 is detected very frequently. Expression of CK10 is related to maturation of malignant keratinocytes, being preferentially detected in more-differentiated parts.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 104 kDa-110 kDa, characterized as major vault protein (MVP). Vaults are large ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) present in all eukaryotic cells. They have a complex morphology, including several small molecules of RNA, but a single protein species. The MVP accounts for >70% of their mass. Their shape is reminiscent of the nucleopore central plug. Treatment of cells with estradiol increases the amount of MVP in nuclear extract. The hormone-dependent interaction of vaults with ER is prevented in vitro by sodium molybdate. Antibodies to estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors are able to co-immunoprecipitate the MVP. MVP is overexpressed in many neoplastic tissues and cell lines. Expression of MVP predicts a poor response to chemotherapy.

Supplier: Biotium

von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.

Supplier: Biotium

Firefly luciferase is widely used as a transcriptional reporter gene for research and drug screening. The Steady-Luc™ HTS kit can be used with luminescence plate readers without sample injection systems or for high-throughput screening.

Supplier: Biotium

Creatine kinases (CK) are a large family of isoenzymes that regulate levels of ATP in subcellular compartments, where they provide ATP at sites of fluctuating energy demand by the transfer of phosphates between creatine and adenine nucleotides. CKs provide the energy of phosphate hydrolysis necessary to drive the normal function of many cellular systems. In cells, the cytosolic CK enzymes consist of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type). There are three different isoenzymes: CKMM, CKBB and CKMB. This MAb recognizes the CKBB isoenzyme and does not react with the B subunit in CKMB. It shows minimal reactivity with other human serum proteins

Supplier: Biotium

Reacts with a protein of 57 kDa, identified as the L1 protein of human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16). It is the major capsid protein of HPV-16. Infection with specific types of HPV has been associated with an increased risk of developing cervical neoplasia. HPV types 6 and 11 have been associated with relatively benign diseases such as genital warts but types 16 and 18 are strongly associated with cervical, vaginal, and vulvar malignancies. The antibody reacts very strongly with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues containing HPV-16 or -33; very weak reactions were occasionally observed with biopsy specimens or smears containing HPV-6 or HPV-11. It cross-reacts with HPV37.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to Complement 4d (C4d) and it reacts with the secreted as well as cell-bound C4d.C4d is a degradation product of the activated complement factor C4b. Complement 4b is typically activated by binding of Abs to specific target molecules. Following activation and degradation of the C4 molecule, thio-ester groups are exposed, which allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product Complement 4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute humoral (i.e. antibody-mediated) rejection of kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. As an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection and its proclivity for endothelium, this component can be detected in peritubular capillaries in chronic renal allograft rejection as well as hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection, and borderline rejection. It has been shown to be a significant predictor of transplant kidney graft survival. Anti-C4d, combined with anti-C3d, can be utilized as a tool for diagnosis of allograft rejection that may warrant a prompt and aggressive anti-rejection treatment.

Supplier: Biotium

CF® dye-dUTP can be used for TUNEL assay, microarray, or to synthesize labelled DNA probes for in situ hybridisation and nucleic acid blotting applications.

Supplier: Biotium

Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics.

Supplier: Biotium

This product is prepared by labeling highly cross-adsorbed donkey anti-goat IgG (H+L) with the blue fluorescent dye CF™405M. CF™405M is spectrally similar to and as bright as Pacific Blue® dye but is significantly more photostable than the latter. An additional advantage of CF™405M is that it has less spillover in the 525/50 green channel than Pacific Blue® dye due to narrower emission peak, making CF™405M a superior choice in multi-color detection applications. To minimize cross-reactivity, the antibody has been adsorbed against chicken, guinea pig, Syrian hamster, horse, human, mouse, rabbit, and rat serum proteins.

Pacific Blue® is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Supplier: Biotium

Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton and is present in most cell types. This MAb is highly specific to actin from smooth muscles. Its epitope lies in the first four N-terminal amino acids. This MAb does not stain cardiac or skeletal muscle; however, it does stain myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells. This antibody could be used together with anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin in making a diagnosis of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle tumors. In most cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, this antibody yields negative results whereas anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin are positive. Leiomyosarcomas are positive only with anti-muscle specific actin and anti-smooth muscle actin and are negative with anti-myogenin.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 40 kDa, identified as CD7, a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. Its N-terminal amino acids 1-107 are highly homologous to Ig kappa-L chains whereas the carboxyl-terminal region of the extracellular domain is proline-rich and has been postulated to form a stalk from which the Ig domain projects. CD7 is expressed on the majority of immature and mature T-lymphocytes, and T cell leukemia. It is also found on natural killer cells, a small subpopulation of normal B cells and on malignant B cells. Cross-linking surface CD7 positively modulates T cell and NK cell activity as measured by calcium fluxes, expression of adhesion molecules, cytokine secretion and proliferation. CD7 associates directly with phosphoinositol 3'-kinase. CD7 ligation induces production of D-3 phosphoinositides and tyrosine phosphorylation.

Supplier: Biotium

CF™660C and CF™660R antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies labeled with far-red fluorescent CF™660C or CF™660R dyes, members of the novel CF™ dye series developed by Biotium for labeling proteins and other biomolecules. CF™ dyes are designed to offer advantages in brightness, photostability, and/or specificity compared to other commercial dyes, and are available in colors spanning the visible, far-red, and near-infrared spectra.

Supplier: Biotium

Reacts with viral glycoprotein of rabies virus strains SAD-Vnukovo and Pitman-Moore. This MAb is useful in detecting rabies virus by ELISA and Western. It is capable of neutralizing rabies virus. Rabies virus (Neurotropic virus) is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family. Rabies is a single stranded, neurotropic, negative sense RNA virus which encodes 5 proteins: a glycoprotein, a nucleoprotein, and three others. The mature virus has a bullet shape, a protein coat, and a lipid envelope. The outer surface of the virus is covered with thumb like glycoprotein projections 5-10 nm long and 3 nm in diameter. The virus averages approximately 780 nm in length. Lipid solvents destroy virus infectivity. Rabies virus is a very successful virus, with a very wide range of hosts. It causes an acute, central nervous system infection, characterized by CNS irritation, followed by paralysis and death. Approximately 50,000 human deaths each year are caused by rabies.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 40 kDa, identified as Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). TTF-1 is a member of the NKx2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and the lung. Nuclei from liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, breast, skin, testes, pituitary, prostate, and adrenal glands are unreactive. Anti-TTF-1 is useful in differentiating primary adenocarcinoma of the lung from metastatic carcinomas originating in the breast, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and malignant mesothelioma. It can also be used to differentiate small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates.Loss of TTF-1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma has been associated with aggressive behavior of such neoplasms. TTF-1 reactivity is also seen in thyroid malignancies.