127976 Results for: "Bioss"

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catalyses the reversible synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) from acetyl CoA and choline at cholinergic synapses.

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The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.

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Enhances histone H4 gene transcription but does not seem to bind DNA directly.

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Enhances histone H4 gene transcription but does not seem to bind DNA directly.

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The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11. [provided by RefSeq].

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This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile "growth cones" that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction.

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The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11. [provided by RefSeq].

Supplier: Bioss

The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11. [provided by RefSeq].

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The product encoded by this gene is involved in the maintenance of iron homeostasis, and it is necessary for the regulation of iron storage in macrophages, and for intestinal iron absorption. The preproprotein is post-translationally cleaved into mature peptides of 20, 22 and 25 amino acids, and these active peptides are rich in cysteines, which form intramolecular bonds that stabilize their beta-sheet structures. These peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity. Mutations in this gene cause hemochromatosis type 2B, also known as juvenile hemochromatosis, a disease caused by severe iron overload that results in cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis, and endocrine failure.

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The PDGF Receptor Type A (Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor precursor, CD140a antigen), a 170kD protein, binds all three isoforms of PDGF with high affinity whereas the PDGF Receptor Type B, a 190kD protein, appears to bind only the PDGF BB homodimer with high affinity. Both receptors are transmembranous, ligand activated protein tyrosine kinases, which phosphorylate a number of important signal transduction proteins, which are bound with differential affinities via SH2 domains. The response of any given cell to PDGF will depend on the types of receptors displayed on the surface and isoforms of PDGF present in the extracellular environment.

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C2orf50 (chromosome 2 open reading frame 50), also known as FLJ25143 or MGC149401, is a 162 amino acid protein that is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 2p25.1. The second largest human chromosome, chromosome 2 consists of 237 million bases, encodes over 1,400 genes and makes up approximately 8% of the human genome. A number of genetic diseases are linked to genes on chromosome 2. Harlequin icthyosis, a rare and morbid skin deformity, is associated with mutations in the ABCA12 gene. The lipid metabolic disorder sitosterolemia is associated with ABCG5 and ABCG8. An extremely rare recessive genetic disorder, Alstr syndrome is due to mutations in the ALMS1 gene. Interestingly, chromosome 2 contains what appears to be a vestigial second centromere and vestigial telomeres which gives credence to the hypothesis that human chromosome 2 is the result of an ancient fusion of two ancestral chromosomes seen in modern form today in apes.

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Caspases are a family of intracellular proteases that mediate cell death and are the principal effectors of apoptosis. Caspase 10 (Mch4, ICE-LAP4, FLICE2) plays an important role in apoptosis induced by a variety of inducers such as TNF alpha and Anti-Fas antibody. It is a large prodomain caspase classified together with caspases 2, 8, and 9 as a signaling caspase. Four isoforms of caspase 10 (caspase 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d) having the same prodomain but different mature large and small subdomain, have been described. Caspase 10 contains two death domains (DED) involved in linking to the death effector domain of the adapter protein FADD and recruiting the complex to TNFR1 and Fas. The inactive procaspase 10 is variably expressed in many tissues and cell lines as a cytosolic protein. The mature form of caspase 10 comprises two subunits, p23/p17 (splice isoforms) and p12. Interestingly, a caspase 9- dependent processing of caspase 10 by caspase 6 in cell-free extracts has recently been suggested. Caspase 10 can cleave and activate caspases 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9. This is followed by cleavage of numerous key proteins, including the nuclear protein PARP.

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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This gene is thought to encode a secreted protein which negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Acts specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. [SUBUNIT] Homodimer; [TISSUE SPECIFICITY] Expressed specifically in developing and adult skeletal muscle. Weak expression in adipose tissue. Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This gene is thought to encode a secreted protein which negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Acts specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. [SUBUNIT] Homodimer; [TISSUE SPECIFICITY] Expressed specifically in developing and adult skeletal muscle. Weak expression in adipose tissue. Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

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Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose and is involved in the synthesis of protein and fat. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.Belongs to the insulin family. The insulin-link growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II (also desinated somatomedin C and multiplication stimulating activator, respectvely), share approximatly 76% sequence identity and are 50% related to pro-insulin.IGF-I and IGF-II are nonglycosylated, single chain proteins of 70 and 76 amino acids in length, respectivelly. IGF-I functions as an autocrine regulator of growth in vaious, whereas the function of IGF-II is less well defined.

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also designated seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors and heptahelical receptors, are a protein family which interact with G proteins (heterotrimeric GTPases) to synthesize intracellular second messengers such as diacylglycerol, cyclic AMP, inositol phosphates, and calcium ions. Their diverse biological functions range from vision and olfaction to neuronal and endocrine signaling and are involved in many pathological conditions. G protein receptor 128 (GPR128), a member of the secretin family of GCPRs with a GPS domain in its N-terminal domain, may mediate signaling processes to the interior of the cell via activation of G proteins. GPR128 represents an allopeptide which may be involved in T cell mediated transplant rejection as it is able to stimulate 2.102 T cells.

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also designated seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors and heptahelical receptors, are a protein family which interact with G proteins (heterotrimeric GTPases) to synthesize intracellular second messengers such as diacylglycerol, cyclic AMP, inositol phosphates, and calcium ions. Their diverse biological functions range from vision and olfaction to neuronal and endocrine signaling and are involved in many pathological conditions. G protein receptor 128 (GPR128), a member of the secretin family of GCPRs with a GPS domain in its N-terminal domain, may mediate signaling processes to the interior of the cell via activation of G proteins. GPR128 represents an allopeptide which may be involved in T cell mediated transplant rejection as it is able to stimulate 2.102 T cells.

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The cysteine-rich, adipose tissue-specific, secretory factor resistin (resistance to insulin, also known as ADSF) is a secreted hormone that potentially links obesity to diabetes. Resistin is rich in serine and cysteine residues and contains a unique cysteine repeat motif. Resistin and the resistin-like molecules share the characteristic cysteine composition and other signature features. Resistin-like a is a secreted protein that has restricted tissue distribution and is most highly expressed in adipose tissue. Another family member, Resistin-like b, is a secreted protein expressed only in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the colon, in both mouse and human. Resistin-like b expression is highest in proliferative epithelial cells and is markedly increased in tumors, suggesting a role in intestinal proliferation.

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The cysteine-rich, adipose tissue-specific, secretory factor resistin (resistance to insulin, also known as ADSF) is a secreted hormone that potentially links obesity to diabetes. Resistin is rich in serine and cysteine residues and contains a unique cysteine repeat motif. Resistin and the resistin-like molecules share the characteristic cysteine composition and other signature features. Resistin-like a is a secreted protein that has restricted tissue distribution and is most highly expressed in adipose tissue. Another family member, Resistin-like b, is a secreted protein expressed only in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the colon, in both mouse and human. Resistin-like b expression is highest in proliferative epithelial cells and is markedly increased in tumors, suggesting a role in intestinal proliferation.

Supplier: Bioss

The cysteine-rich, adipose tissue-specific, secretory factor resistin (resistance to insulin, also known as ADSF) is a secreted hormone that potentially links obesity to diabetes. Resistin is rich in serine and cysteine residues and contains a unique cysteine repeat motif. Resistin and the resistin-like molecules share the characteristic cysteine composition and other signature features. Resistin-like a is a secreted protein that has restricted tissue distribution and is most highly expressed in adipose tissue. Another family member, Resistin-like b, is a secreted protein expressed only in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the colon, in both mouse and human. Resistin-like b expression is highest in proliferative epithelial cells and is markedly increased in tumors, suggesting a role in intestinal proliferation.

Supplier: Bioss

The cysteine-rich, adipose tissue-specific, secretory factor resistin (resistance to insulin, also known as ADSF) is a secreted hormone that potentially links obesity to diabetes. Resistin is rich in serine and cysteine residues and contains a unique cysteine repeat motif. Resistin and the resistin-like molecules share the characteristic cysteine composition and other signature features. Resistin-like a is a secreted protein that has restricted tissue distribution and is most highly expressed in adipose tissue. Another family member, Resistin-like b, is a secreted protein expressed only in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the colon, in both mouse and human. Resistin-like b expression is highest in proliferative epithelial cells and is markedly increased in tumors, suggesting a role in intestinal proliferation.

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ANXA9 may act as a low affinity receptor for acetylcholine and is expressed in the stratified squamous skin epithelium, but not in epithelia of other types (at protein level). ANXA9 is one of the target molecules recognised by auto in patients with pemphigus vulgaris, a rare, autoimmune skin disease in which epidermal blisters occur as the result of the loss of cell-cell adhesion.

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Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) functions as a potent lipoprotein lipase inhibitor and is an important component of plasma triglyceride homeostasis. Angptl3 also plays a role in adipose formation and angiogenesis through its interaction with integrin ?v)beta(3). It is secreted by the liver and is functionally defined by the C-terminal fibrinogen (FBN)-like domain and an N-terminal coiled-coil domain. Angptl3 regulates circulating triglyceride levels during different nutritional states thereby mediating the feeding/fasting cycle. A deficiency of Angptl3 results in abnormally low lipid levels, and a repression of the protein may be protective against atherosclerosis. Angptl3 may also play an important role in hyperlipidemia in diabetes.

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Heterodimerizes with PMS2 to form MutL alpha, a component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR). DNA repair is initiated by MutS alpha (MSH2-MSH6) or MutS beta (MSH2-MSH6) binding to a dsDNA mismatch, then MutL alpha is recruited to the heteroduplex. Assembly of the MutL-MutS-heteroduplex ternary complex in presence of RFC and PCNA is sufficient to activate endonuclease activity of PMS2. It introduces single-strand breaks near the mismatch and thus generates new entry points for the exonuclease EXO1 to degrade the strand containing the mismatch. DNA methylation would prevent cleavage and therefore assure that only the newly mutated DNA strand is going to be corrected. MutL alpha (MLH1-PMS2) interacts physically with the clamp loader subunits of DNA polymerase III, suggesting that it may play a role to recruit the DNA polymerase III to the site of the MMR. Also implicated in DNA damage signaling, a process which induces cell cycle arrest and can lead to apoptosis in case of major DNA damages. Heterodimerizes with MLH3 to form MutL gamma which plays a role in meiosis.

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Creation of an extracellular membrane face which guides the wrapping process and ultimately compacts adjacent lamellae.

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ADAR1 converts adenosine to inosine in dsRNA, which destabilizes the dsRNA helix. This activity is important for various functions like site-specific RNA editing of transcripts of the glutamate receptors and modifying viral RNA genomes (which may be responsible for hypermutation of certain negative-stranded viruses, e.g., measles virus). ADAR1 also binds to short interfering RNAs (siRNA) without editing them and suppresses siRNA-mediated RNA interference. This protein is ubiquitously expressed, with the highest levels being found in brain and lung.

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Hepatitis G virus is from a group of viruses called GB viruses (GB virus A, GB virus B and GB virus C) and is also designated as GB virus C (GBV C). HGV is a positive stranded RNA virus, with a genome of 10 KB and appears, on the basis of genome length and organisation, to be a member of the Flaviviridae and distinct from the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HGV infection appears to be transmitted following receipt of blood from HGV RNA positive donors, however, these patients have only moderate liver enzyme elevations and do not develop chronic liver disease.

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RAB6C belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family.

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Glycosylation of asparagine residues in Asn-X-Ser/Thr motifs in proteins commonly occur in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Glucosidase I catalyzes the first step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway. It specifically removes the distal alpha 1,2-linked glucose residue from the Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide precursor. Glucosidase I contains a short cytosolic tail, a single pass transmembrane domain and a large C-terminal catalytic domain located on the luminal side of the ER. Mutations in the gene encoding Glucosidase I result in the congenital disorder glycosylation (CDG-IIb), which is characterized by generalized hypotonia, dysmorphic features, hepatomegaly, hypoventilation, feeding problems, seizures and death. Two point mutations in the Glucosidase I gene have been identified and result in amino acid substitutions, namely Arg486Thr and Phe652Leu, that affect polypeptide folding and active site formation.

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MAGEA5 is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. This MAGEA gene encodes a protein that is C-terminally truncated compared to other family members, and this gene can be alternatively interpreted to be a pseudogene.