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c21orf63

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Members of the calsyntenin protein family are localized to the post-synaptic membrane of exicitatory central nervous system (CNS) synapses. Calsyntenin-2, also known as Alcadein-gamma, is a 955 amino acid protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and plasma membranes. Containing 2 cadherin-like repeats in its N-terminal extracellular region, calsyntenin-2 binds synaptic calcium with its cytoplasmic domain, suggesting a role in the modulation of calcium-mediated postsynaptic signals. Under normal physiological conditions, calsyntenin-2 is protoeolytically processed in an event in which the primary zeta-cleavage generates a short C-terminal transmembrane fragment and a long extracellular N-terminal domain.

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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. The similar protein in yeast has both D-lactate and D-glycerate dehydrogenase activities. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified.

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Anti-AU5 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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RIN1 is a Ras effector protein which can affect Ras signaling in a variety of ways. It enhances signaling from ABL1 and ABL2 whcih are involved in regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling. It may function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor in activation of Rab5a. Rin1 also competes with RAF1 for binding of the activated form of Ras. It may play a role inhibiting the modulation of neuronal plasticity in formation of aversive memory, and has been implicated as a tumor supressor gene in breast cancer.

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Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Required for normal mesoderm patterning and correct axial organization during embryonic development, normal skeletogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2, GAB1 and SHB. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Phosphorylation of FRS2 triggers recruitment of GRB2, GAB1, PIK3R1 and SOS1, and mediates activation of RAS, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1, STAT1 and PTPN11/SHP2. In the nucleus, enhances RPS6KA1 and CREB1 activity and contributes to the regulation of transcription. FGFR1 signaling is down-regulated by IL17RD/SEF, and by FGFR1 ubiquitination, internalization and degradation.

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Anti-FOLH1B Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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ZBTB12

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Dyneins are multisubunit, high molecular weight ATPases that interact with microtubules to generate force by converting the chemical energy of ATP into the mechanical energy of movement. Cytoplasmic or axonemal Dynein heavy, intermediate, light and light-intermediate chains are all components of minus end-directed motors; the complex transports cellular cargos towards the central region of the cell. Axonemal Dynein motors contain one to three non-identical heavy chains and cause a sliding of microtubules in the axonemes of cilia and flagella in a mechanism necessary for cilia to beat and propel the cell. Cytoplasmic Dynein is an approximately 12 subunit complex of two heavy chains, two intermediate chains to anchor Dynein to its cargo, four smaller intermediate chains and several light chains. It performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. The carboxy terminus of Dynein is important for microtubule-dependent motility and is highly conserved, while the amino terminal regions are more variable. Tctex1 is a cytoplasmic dynein light chain found in a complex with Na+ CP type X?(SCN10A). Tctex1, also designated CW-1 or TCTEL1 is expressed in heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, spleen, prostate, testis, ovary, ileum and colon. Several proteins regulate Dynein activity, including dynactin, LIS1 and NudEL(NudE-like).

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Fructose-bisphosphatase hydrolyzing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as well as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Inhibits glycolysis by reducing cellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. May protect cells against reactive oxygen species and against apoptosis induced by tp53.

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Sodium-independent, high-affinity exchange of anionic amino acids with high specificity for anionic form of cystine and glutamate.

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Microtubules, the primary component of the cytoskeletal network, interact with proteins called microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs).MAP9 is a microtubule-associated protein required for spindle function, mitotic progression, and cytokinesis.The microtubule-associated proteins can be divided into two groups, structural and dynamic. The MAP proteins function to stimulate tubulin assembly, enhance microtubule stability, influence the spatial distribution of microtubules within cells and utilize microtubule polarity to translocate cellular components. MAP-9 (microtubule-associated protein 9), also known as ASAP, is a 647 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that is constitutively expressed during the cell cycle. MAP-9 localizes to microtubules in interphase, associates with the mitotic spindle during mitosis and localizes to the central body during cytokinesis. Involved in organization of the bipolar mitotic spindle, MAP-9 is required for bipolar spindle assembly, mitosis progression and cytokinesis. MAP-9 may be involved in stabilizing interphase microtubules. Two isoforms of MAP-9 are produced due to alternative splicing events.

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Estrogen and progesterone receptor are members of a family of transcription factors that are regulated by the binding of their cognate ligands. The interaction of hormone-bound estrogen receptors with estrogen responsive elements(EREs) alters transcription of ERE-containing genes. The carboxy terminal region of the estrgen receptor contains the ligand binding domain, the amino terminus serves as the transactivation domain, and the DNA binding domain is centrally located. Two forms of estrogen receptor have been identified, ER Alpha and ER Beta. ER Alpha and ER Beta have been shown to be differentially activated by various ligands. The biological response to progesterone is mediated by two distinct forms of the human progesterone receptor (hPR-A and hPR-B), which arise from alternative splicing. In most cells, hPR-B functions as a transcriptional activator of progesterone-responsive gene, whereas hPR-A function as a transcriptional inhibitor of all steroid hormone receptors.

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NEPH2 is a 778 amino acid single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the nephrin-like protein family and immunoglobulin superfamily. Expressed in both fetal and adult brain, as well as podocytes of kidney glomeruli, NEPH2 contains five Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and is thought to plaly a role in the hematopoetic supportive capacity of stroma cells. NEPH2 undergoes alternative splicing to produce two isoforms and contains a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain which it uses to interact with Podocin, a podocyte protein involved in ultrafiltration. Defects in the gene encoding NEPH2 are associated with mental retardation autosomal dominant type 4 (MRD4).

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This gene encodes a member of the ribosomal S6 kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. The encoded protein responds to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling to promote protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell proliferation. Activity of this gene has been associated with human cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. The use of alternative translation start sites results in isoforms with longer or shorter N-termini which may differ in their subcellular localizations. There are two pseudogenes for this gene on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013].

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WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) is a 261 amino acid protein expressed in most tissues. The WW domain is composed of 38 to 40 semi-conserved amino acids and is shared by various groups of proteins, including structural, regulatory and signaling proteins. The domain mediates protein-protein interactions through the binding of polyproline ligands. WBP2 binds to the WW domain of Yes-associated protein (YAP), WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (AIP5) and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (AIP2). The gene encoding WBP2 is located on human chromosome 17, which comprises over 2.5% of the human genome and encodes over 1,200 genes, some of which are involved in tumor suppression and in the pathogenesis of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, early onset breast cancer and a predisposition to cancers of the ovary, colon, prostate gland and fallopian tubes.