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CCDC144A

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Lymphotactin is a chemokine-like molecule produced selectively, if not exclusively, by activated CD8+ T cells (1). Lymphotactin is a C-type member of the chemokine superfamily, but retains only the 2nd and 4th of the four cysteine residues conserved in other chemokines (3,4). In normal tissues, lymphotactin is expressed at high levels in spleen, thymus, small intestine, and peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as at low levels in lung, prostate, and ovary (2). Lymphotactin is chemotactic for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not for monocytes, and induces a rise in intracellular calcium in peripheral blood lymphocytes (1). The specific receptor for lymphotactin is XCR1, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family (5). The gene which encodes lymphotactin maps to human chromosome 1q23 (1,2).

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Apolipoprotein A II is the second most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. The apolipoprotein A II gene consists of 4 exons and 3 introns. The four exons encode the 5' untranslated region, pre peptide, a short N terminal domain and a C terminal domain composed of a variable number of lipid binding amphipathic helices. Familial apolipoprotein A II deficiency may result from a splice junction alteration which blocks splicing of intron 3 from the primary transcript and result in the formation of a non functional mRNA.

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MYBPC1 is a 1,141 amino acid protein that contains three fibronectin type-III domains and seven Ig-like C2-type domains. Existing as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, MYBPC1 functions as a thick filament-associated protein that localizes to striated muscle bands in vertebrae and is thought to modify the activity of select ATPases. Additionally, MYBPC1 may play a role in the modulation of muscle contraction and in the overall structural integrity of the cell. The gene encoding MYBPC1 maps to human chromosome 12, which encodes over 1,100 genes and comprises approximately 4.5% of the human genome. Chromosome 12 is associated with a variety of diseases and afflictions, including hypochondrogenesis, achondrogenesis, Kniest dysplasia, Noonan syndrome and Trisomy 12p, which causes facial developmental defects and seizure disorders.

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GLB1L3 is a 653 amino acid protein belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family. GLB1L3 exists as three alternatively spliced isoforms and is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 11q25. With approximately 135 million base pairs and 1,400 genes, chromosome 11 makes up around 4% of human genomic DNA and is considered a gene and disease association dense chromosome. The chromosome 11 encoded Atm gene is important for regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following double strand DNA breaks. Atm mutation leads to the disorder known as ataxia-telangiectasia. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, hereditary angioedema and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are also associated with defects in chromosome 11.

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This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile "growth cones" that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction.

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SHIP1 is a member of the inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5) family and contains an N-terminal SH2 domain, an inositol phosphatase domain, and two C-terminal protein interaction domains. Expression of this protein is restricted to hematopoietic cells where its movement from the cytosol to the plasma membrane is mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to multiple cytokine and B and T cell receptor activation. At the plasma membrane, the protein hydrolyzes the 5' phosphate from phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, thereby affecting multiple signaling pathways. Overall the protein functions as a negative regulator of myeliod cell proliferation and survival.

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Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for efficient chromosome alignment and cytokinesis. The BCR(KLHL21) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates localization of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) from chromosomes to the spindle midzone in anaphase and mediates the ubiquitination of AURKB. Ubiquitination of AURKB by BCR(KLHL21) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex may not lead to its degradation by the proteasome.

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HDHD2 (haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 2) is also known as DKFZp564D1378 and is a 259 amino acid protein that is expressed as two isoforms produced by alternative splicing. HDHD2 belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily, which contains a group of hydrolase enzymes that differ from the å/∫

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May have regulatory role in cell division or differentiation in response to extracellular signals.

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The protein encoded by this gene, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the liver and is cleaved by the enzyme renin in response to lowered blood pressure. The resulting product, angiotensin I is then cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate the physiologically active enzyme angiotensin II. The protein is involved in maintaining blood pressure and in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and preeclampsia. active peptide sequence:DRVYIHPFHL

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IFN-induced antiviral host restriction factor which efficiently blocks the release of diverse mammalian enveloped viruses by directly tethering nascent virions to the membranes of infected cells. Acts as a direct physical tether, holding virions to the cell membrane and linking virions to each other. The tethered virions can be internalised by endocytosis and subsequently degraded or they can remain on the cell surface. In either case, their spread as cell-free virions is restricted. Its target viruses belong to diverse families, including retroviridae: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), prototype foamy virus (PFV), Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and murine leukaemia virus (MLV), flavivirideae: hepatitis C virus (HCV), filoviridae: ebola virus (EBOV) and marburg virus (MARV), arenaviridae: lassa virus (LASV) and machupo virus (MACV), herpesviridae: kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), rhabdoviridae: vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), orthomyxoviridae: influenza A virus, and paramyxoviridae: nipah virus. Can inhibit cell surface proteolytic activity of MMP14 causing decreased activation of MMP15 which results in inhibition of cell growth and migration. Can stimulate Signalling by LILRA4/ILT7 and consequently provide negative feedback to the production of IFN by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to viral infection. Plays a role in the organization of the subapical actin cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells.

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Component of some SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex that plays a central role in iron homeostasis by promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of IREB2/IRP2. Upon high iron and oxygen level, it specifically recognizes and binds IREB2/IRP2, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Promotes ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DCTN1/p150-glued.

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Aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, such as 4 hydroxynonenal (4 HNE), have been implicated in the etiology of pathological changes under oxidative stress as a key mediator of oxidative stress induced cell death. It is a stable product of lipid peroxidation, is proarrhythmic and may contribute to the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress

4-HNE has been hypothesised to play a key role in cell signal transduction, in a variety of pathways from cell cycle events to cellular adhesion.

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Connexin 29 belongs to the connexin family and is a member of the epsilon-type subfamily. Connexin 29 is a membrane bound, multi-pass protein also known as gap junction epsilon-1 protein. A connexon, consisting of connexin hexamers, is a membrane bound structure that is integral in the formation of a gap junction. One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low molecular weight diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. Connexin 29 expression is restricted to the central nervous system and is present in brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve samples. It has been suggested that connexin 29 in the mature CNS contributes minimally to gap junctional intercellular communication in oligodendrocyte cell bodies. Rather, connexin 29 is targeted to myelin where it, along with connexin 32, may contribute to connexin-mediated communication between adjacent layers of uncompacted myelin.

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RSHL3 is predicted to be a component of the radial spoke head based on homology with proteins in the biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and other ciliates. RSHL3 (radial spoke head-like protein 3), also known as radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A, is a 716 amino acid protein that belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP4/6 family. Mutations in the RSHL3 gene cause primary ciliary dyskinesia 1, a disease arising from dysmotility of motile cilia and sperm. Existing as three alternatively spliced isoforms, the RSHL3 gene contains 6 exons, is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly and P.falciparum, and maps to human chromosome 6q22.1.