39747 Results for: "5-Methoxynicotinic+acid&pageNo=67"

Supplier: Bioss

Integrin alpha-M/beta-2 is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles. It is identical with CR-3, the receptor for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component. It probably recognizes the R-G-D peptide in C3b. Integrin alpha-M/beta-2 is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. It recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain.

Supplier: Bioss

The amino acid Citrulline is required to detoxify the liver from ammonia, which is a waste product of the body from oxidation. Citrulline promotes energy and assists with the immune system. This unusual amino acid is formed in the urea cycle by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia to ornithine. It is then combined with aspartic acid to form arginosuccinic acid, which later is metabolized into the amino acid arginine.

Supplier: Bioss

Receptor for obesity factor (leptin). On ligand binding, mediates signaling through JAK2/STAT3. Involved in the regulation of fat metabolism and, in a hematopoietic pathway, required for normal lymphopoiesis. May play a role in reproduction. Can also mediate the ERK/FOS signaling pathway (By similarity).

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage (By similarity).

Supplier: Bioss

CXCL15 (Lungkine) is a CXC chemokine that is expressed in murine lung epithelial cells and, to a lesser extent, in certain fetal tissues. No human homolog has been identified and a specific cell surface receptor has not yet been found. Lungkine expression in lung tissue is elevated in response to inflammation, at which time it acts to specifically recruit neutrophils and direct them into the lung airway.

Supplier: Bioss

MS4A14 may be involved in signal transduction as a component of a multimeric receptor complex.

Supplier: Bioss

Lingo-4 is a 593 amino acid single-pass type I membrane protein that contains eleven LRR (leucine-rich) repeats, one Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain, one LRRCT domain and one LRRNT domain. The gene that encodes Lingo-4 consists of approximately 5,891 bases and maps to human chromosome 1q21.3. Comprising nearly 8% of the human genome, chromosome 1 spans 260 million base pairs, contains over 3,000 genes and houses a large number of disease-associated genes, including those that are involved in familial adenomatous polyposis, Stickler syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Gaucher disease, schizophrenia and Usher syndrome.

Supplier: Bioss

Promotes cell death. Successfully competes for the binding to Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2 and Bcl-W, thereby affecting the level of heterodimerization of these proteins with BAX. Can reverse the death repressor activity of Bcl-X(L), but not that of Bcl-2. Appears to act as a link between growth factor receptor signaling and the apoptotic pathways.

Supplier: Bioss

Adapter protein that functions as clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP) required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of selected cargo proteins. Can bind and assemble clathrin, and binds simultaneously to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and cargos containg non-phosphorylated NPXY internalization motifs, such as the LDL receptor, to recruit them to clathrin-coated pits. Can function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis independently of the AP-2 complex. Involved in endocytosis of integrin beta-1; this function seems to redundant with the AP-2 complex and seems to require DAB2 binding to endocytosis accessory EH domain-containing proteins such as EPS15, EPS15L1 and ITSN1. Involved in endocytosis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator/CFTR. Involved in endocytosis of megalin/LRP2 lipoprotein receptor during embryonal development. Required for recycling of the TGF-beta receptor. Involved in CFTR trafficking to the late endosome. Involved in several receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Involved in TGF-beta receptor signaling and facilitates phosphorylation of the signal transducer SMAD2. Mediates TFG-beta-stimulated JNK activation. May inhibit the canoniocal Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway by stabilizing the beta-catenin destruction complex through a competing association with axin preventing its dephosphorylation through protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Sequesters LRP6 towards clathrin-mediated endocytosis, leading to inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. May activate non-canonical Wnt signaling.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. The alpha-1 subunit consists of 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. There are multiple isoforms of each of these proteins, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. The protein encoded by this gene binds to and is inhibited by dihydropyridine. Alternative splicing results in many transcript variants encoding different proteins. [provided by RefSeq]

Supplier: Bioss

Neuromedin U is a neuropeptide with high activity on smooth muscle. It is widely expressed in gastrointestinal systems and central nervous system (CNS). Peripheral activities of neuromedin U include smooth muscle stimulation, ion transport alterations in the gut and the regulation of local blood flow and adrenocortical function. Neuromedin U receptors 1 and 2 (NMUR1 and NMUR2) are multi-pass membrane proteins that belong to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family of proteins. Both NMUR1 and NMUR2 act as receptors for the neuromedin U neuropeptide. NMUR1 is detected in peripheral organs, particularly in urogenital and gastrointestinal systems, with highest levels in testis. It’s expression in CNS is low, but the protein has been detected in cerebellum, hippocampus, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. NMUR2 is predominantly detected in central nervous system with highest levels detected in medulla oblongata, spinal cord and thalamus. It may also be detected in testis but has low levels of expression in peripheral tissues.

Supplier: Bioss

Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Beta non-catalytic subunit acts as a scaffold on which the AMPK complex assembles, via its C-terminus that bridges alpha (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2) and gamma subunits (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3).

Supplier: Bioss

The exosome is a multisubunit complex composed of several highly conserved subunits, some of which are 3’ to 5’ exoribonucleases. The complex is involved in a variety of cellular processes and is responsible for degrading unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich (ARE) elements in their untranslated 3’ region. DIS3L2 (DIS3-like exonuclease 2) is an 885 amino acid protein that is thought to function as an exonuclease and may be required for the 3’ processing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA. Defects or chromosomal translocations involving the gene encoding DIS3L2 may be associated with Marfanoid habitus, a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in the skeleton, eyes and cardiovascular system. DIS3L2 is expressed as five isoforms due to alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

Vascular wall-linked protein, or Vasculin, is primarily expressed in the arterial wall and in plasma. It is also differentially expressed in human atherogenesis. Alternative splicing of exon 3 of the Vasculin gene produces three variants. Vasculin binds to and activates the minimal self-sufficient promoter element (MSPE) of the mouse Ada gene promoter and binds to and partially suppresses the GC-rich promoter of the nonhomologous human TOP2A gene promoter. It acts as a nuclear factor that can form complexes with TATA-binding proteins, transcription factors TFIIB and TFIIF, RNA polymerase II and p300. The regulated expression of Vasculin in plaques suggests that it may be involved in atherogenesis, and its presence in plasma may implicate Vasculin as a marker for atherosclerosis.

Supplier: Bioss

Guanylate cyclases belong to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. There are two forms of guanylate cyclase. The soluble form, known as GCS or sGC, act as receptors for nitric oxide (NO). The membrane-bound receptor form, known as GC, are peptide hormone receptors. GCS is a cGMP-synthesizing enzyme, which is the major receptor for the neurotransmitter nitric oxide. It plays a crucial role in smooth muscle contractility, platelet reactivity and neurotransmission. GCS is a heme-containing heterodimer, consisting of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit. The heme moeity mediates NO activation, and this heme group also binds carbon monoxide (CO), which weakly stimulates the enzyme. Both NO and CO stimulation are enhanced by the allosteric activator 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'furyl)-benzyl-indazole, YC-1. YC-1 can also stimulate GCS in a NO-independent manner. Both alpha and beta subunits are required for cGMP generation, and at least two isoforms exist for each subunit. Heterodimers consisting of alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-1 have been identified, and both display similar enzymatic activity. The distribution of the beta-2 subunit seems to be much more restricted than the beta-1 subunit, with predominant expression in kidney and liver.

Supplier: Bioss

May be involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Has low NADPH-dependent beta-naphthoquinone reductase activity, with a preference for 1,2-beta-naphthoquinone over 1,4-beta-naphthoquinone. Has low NADPH-dependent diamine reductase activity (in vitro).

Supplier: Bioss

Transcription factors, OTX1 and OTX2, are two murine homologs of the Drosophila orthodenticle (OTD), show a limited amino acid sequence divergence. OTX1 and OTX2 play an important role during early and later events required for proper brain development in that they are involved in the processes of induction, specification and regionalization of the brain. OTX1 is involved in corticogenesis, sensory organ development and pituitary functions, while OTX2 is necessary earlier in development, for the correct anterior neural plate specification and organization of the primitive streak. OTX2 is also required in the early specification of the neuroectoderm, which is destined to become the fore-midbrain, and both OTX1 and OTX2 co-operate in patterning the developing brain through a dosage-dependent mechanism. A molecular mechanism depending on a precise threshold of OTX proteins is necessary for the correct positioning of the isthmic region and for anterior brain patterning. The genes which encode OTX1 and OTX2 map to human chromosomes 2p15 and 14q21-q22, respectively.

Supplier: Bioss

The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is localized at the Golgi stack and may have a regulatory role in Golgi trafficking.

Supplier: Bioss

P2Y purinoceptor 11 (P2Y11) is a 374 amino acid protein belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor one family. P2Y11 is a multi-pass cell membrane protein that acts as a receptor for both ATP and ATD coupled to G proteins. Due to these interactions, P2Y11 is involved in phosphatidylinositol-calcium and adenylyl cyclase pathways. Induced by DMSO and retinoic acid, P2Y11 is highly expressed in spleen tissue. A putative trans-splicing event involving the gene that encodes P2Y11 and an upstream gene encoding PPAN has been found to result in a fusion protein, designated PPAN-P2RY11.

Supplier: Bioss

SNARE that may be involved in targeting and fusion of Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER. Required for maintenance of ER network. Implicated in the suppression of cell death.Tissue specificity: Isoform 1 is highly expressed in heart, brain, liver skeletal muscle and pancreas. Isoform 3 is moderately expressed in placenta, lung and kidney. Isoform 4 is highly expressed in testis and small intestine.

Supplier: Bioss

No data available.

Supplier: Bioss

Neurofilaments usually contain three intermediate filament proteins: L, M, and H which are involved in the maintenance of neuronal caliber. NF-H has an important function in mature axons that is not subserved by the two smaller NF proteins.

Supplier: Bioss

Plays a role in apical endocytosis/recycling. Plays a role in the maturation and acidification of phagosomes that engulf pathogens, such as S.aureus and M.tuberculosis. Plays a role in the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes.

Supplier: Bioss

Mtvr1 is a 176 amino acid protein that exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms. Belonging to the FAM89 family, Mtvr1 is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 11, which comprises approximately 4% of human genomic DNA and is considered a gene and disease association dense chromosome. The chromosome 11 encoded Atm gene is important for regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following double strand DNA breaks. Atm mutation leads to the disorder known as ataxia-telangiectasia. The blood disorders Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are caused by HBB gene mutations, while Wilms' tumors, WAGR syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome are associated with mutations of the WT1 gene. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, hereditary angioedema and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are also associated with defects in chromosome 11-encoded genes.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that actsas a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. This cytokinestimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functionsthrough the interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R), which activatesdifferent signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thusconnects this cytokine to various biological processes. The geneencoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene forasthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstratedthat this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis ofbronchial hyperresponsiveness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

Membrane glycoproteins implicated in the pathologic deposition of cholesterol in arterial walls during atherogenesis. Two types of receptor subunits exist. These receptors mediate the endocytosis of a diverse group of macromolecules, including modified low density lipoproteins (LDL). Isoform III does not internalize acetylated LDL.

Supplier: Bioss

The c Abl proto oncogene encodes a protein tyrosine kinase that is located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In chronic myelogenous leukemia and in a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemias, the c Abl proto oncogene undergoes a (9;22) chromosomal translocation producing a novel rearranged chromosome (the Philadelphia chromosome) As the result of the fusion of c Abl sequences from chromosome 9 to the Bcr gene on chromosome 22. The molecular consequence of this translocation is the generation of a chimeric Bcr/Abl mRNA encoding activated Abl protein tyrosine kinase.

Supplier: Bioss

SCRG1 (scrapie-responsive protein 1) is a 98 amino acid secreted protein that belongs to the SCRG1 family. The SCRG1 protein contains a 20-amino acid signal peptide, and is expressed abundantly in the central nervous system of human adult, but not at all in fetal brain. The protein is targeted to the Golgi apparatus and large dense-core vesicles/secretory granules in neurons. High levels of SCRG1 transcripts are also observed in testis and aorta. SCRG1 is associated with neurodegenerative changes observed in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. It may play a role in host response to prion-associated infections. The SCRG1 protein may be partly included in the membrane or secreted by the cells due to its hydrophobic N-terminus. The human and mouse SCRG1 proteins share 83% sequence identity. The SCRG1 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, cow, mouse, rat and chicken, and maps to human chromosome 4q34.1.

Supplier: Bioss

Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation.

Supplier: Bioss

The family of voltage-dependent chloride channels (CLCs) regulate cellular trafficking of chloride ions, a critical component of all living cells. CLCs regulate excitability in muscle and nerve cells, aid in organic solute transport, and maintain cellular volume. CLC-KA is a kidney-specific chloride channel that mediates transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of the Henle loop in the inner medulla. CLC-KA plays a crucial role in urine concentration. The gene encoding human CLC-KA maps to chromosome 1p36. Mutations in this gene may be associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in those cases where mutations in the vasopressin V2 receptor and the AQP2 water channel are lacking. CLC-KB mediates basolateral chloride ion efflux in the thick ascending limb and in more distal nephron segments. The gene encoding human CLC-KB maps to chromosome 1p36. Mutations in this gene cause type III Barter’s syndrome which is characterized by renal salt-wasting and low blood pressure.