Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an inorganic crystalline compound consisting of sodium and chloride ions, notable for its high solubility in water and melting point of 801 °C. It is extensively used in laboratories for preparing isotonic solutions, buffer systems, and calibration standards. In industrial and biotechnological processes, sodium chloride functions as an electrolyte, stabilizer, and osmotic agent. It is chemically stable and nonflammable but should be stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption (caking).