Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes an N-glycosylated glycoprotein of 120 kDa with intra-chain disulfide bonds, identified as CD50 or ICAM-3 (WS: IV & V). Its epitope localizes in the D2 extracellular domain and is resistant to neuraminidase and proteases. CD50 is the major ligand for LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and may have signalling role to increase adhesion. It is expressed on thymocytes and T lymphocytes and is resistant to treatment with phosphatidylinositol (PI) phospholipase C. This MAb inhibits primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) but not secondary MLC, cytotoxicity or proliferation induced by mitogens. It blocks binding of NK1-L16 stimulated T cells to L cells expressing CD50. This MAb is excellent for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a 180-185 kDa protein, identified as isoform of leukocyte common antigen (CD45RO). This antibody reacts with mature activated T-cells, most thymocytes, and a sub-population of resting T-cells within both CD4 and CD8 subsets. It shows no reactivity with normal B or natural killer cells, but reacts with granulocytes and monocytes. Reportedly, it is useful to identify T-cell lymphomas and leukemias. It rarely stains NK cells or B-cell lymphomas.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a 58 kDa protein identified as vimentin. It shows no cross-reaction with other closely related intermediate filament proteins (IFP s) such as desmin, keratin, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary acid protein.Anti-vimentin alone is of limited value as a diagnostic tool; however, when used in panels with other antibodies, it is useful for the sub-classification of a given tumor. Expression of vimentin, when used in conjunction with anti-keratin, is helpful when distinguishing melanomas from undifferentiated carcinomas and large cell lymphomas. All melanomas and Schwannomas react strongly with anti-vimentin. It labels a variety of mesenchymal cells, including melanocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Non-reactivity of anti-vimentin is often considered more useful than its positive reactivity, since there are a few tumors that do not contain vimentin, e.g. hepatoma and seminoma. Anti-vimentin is also useful as a tissue process control reagent.

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Recognizes proteins of 33, 35 and 41 kDa, which are identified as various isoforms of CD74. Its epitope is localized in the extracellular domain of CD74. CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. The CD74 molecule plays a critical role in the presentation of peptides, by the MHC class II antigens, to CD4 positive lymphocytes. CD74 is expressed on MHC class II positive cells including B cells, a subset of activated T cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells and by various types of carcinomas. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).

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This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Supplier: Biotium

CD6 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contains a 24-amino acid signal sequence, three extracellular scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, a membrane-spanning domain and a 44-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The CD6 glycoprotein is tyrosine phosphorylated during TCR-mediated T cell activation. CD6 shows significant homology to CD5. CD6 is present on mature thymocytes, peripheral T cells and a subset of B cells. Antibodies to CD6 are used to deplete T cells from bone marrow transplants to prevent graft versus host disease.

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von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 40 kDa, identified as Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). TTF-1 is a member of the NKx2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and the lung. Nuclei from liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, breast, skin, testes, pituitary, prostate, and adrenal glands are unreactive. Anti-TTF-1 is useful in differentiating primary adenocarcinoma of the lung from metastatic carcinomas originating in the breast, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and malignant mesothelioma. It can also be used to differentiate small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates.Loss of TTF-1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma has been associated with aggressive behavior of such neoplasms. TTF-1 reactivity is also seen in thyroid malignancies.

Supplier: Biotium

von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.

Supplier: Biotium

von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.

Supplier: Biotium

von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a single glycoprotein of 520 kDa, identified as mucin 2 (MUC2). This MAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC3. Its epitope has been defined as GTQTP (GlyThrGlnThrPro). Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins, which constitute the major component of the mucus layer that protects the gastric epithelium. MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon; in about 65% of colonic carcinomas and about 40% of gastric carcinomas. MUC2 is rarely expressed outside of the GI tract with the exceptions of mucinous carcinoma of breast and clear cell-type carcinomas of the ovary.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a single glycoprotein of 520 kDa, identified as mucin 2 (MUC2). This MAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC3. Its epitope has been defined as GTQTP (GlyThrGlnThrPro). Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins, which constitute the major component of the mucus layer that protects the gastric epithelium. MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon; in about 65% of colonic carcinomas and about 40% of gastric carcinomas. MUC2 is rarely expressed outside of the GI tract with the exceptions of mucinous carcinoma of breast and clear cell-type carcinomas of the ovary.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a glycoprotein of 75 kDa, identified as low affinity Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Receptor (p75NGFR) or Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR). NGFR is expressed in various neural crest cells and their tumors such as melanocytes, melanomas, neuroblastomas, pheochromocytomas and neurofibromas. Reportedly, anti-NGFR is a reliable marker for desmoplastic and neurotropic melanomas. NGFR is expressed in mature non-neural cells such as perivascular cells, dental pulp cells, lymphoidal follicular dendritic cells, basal epithelium of oral mucosa and hair follicles, prostate basal cells, and myoepithelial cells. Anti-NGFR stains the myoepithelial cells of breast ducts and intra-lobular fibroblasts of breast ducts.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes the peptide core of gastric mucin M1 (recently identified as Mucin 5AC). Its epitope is destroyed by beta-mercaptoethanol but not by periodate treatment. This mucin is present in primary ovarian mucinous cancer but usually absent in colorectal adenocarcinoma, thus showing an expression pattern opposite to MUC2. Together with a panel of antibodies, Anti-MUC5AC may be useful for differential identification of primary mucinous ovarian tumors from colon adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary. MUC5AC antibodies may also be useful for identification of intestinal metaplasia as well as in the identification of pancreatic carcinoma and pre-cancerous changes vs. normal pancreas.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a single glycoprotein of 520 kDa, identified as mucin 2 (MUC2). This MAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC3. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins, which constitute the major component of the mucus layer that protects the gastric epithelium.MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon; in about 65% of colonic carcinomas and about 40% of gastric carcinomas. MUC2 is rarely expressed outside of the GI tract with the exceptions of mucinous carcinoma of breast and clear cell-type carcinomas of the ovary.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Supplier: Biotium

The human Mel-CAM gene maps to chromosome 11q23 and encodes a trans-membrane glycoprotein, also designated MCAM, MUC 18 or CD146, that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and functions as a Ca2 -independent cell adhesion molecule. Mel-CAM expression is restricted to advanced primary and metastatic melanomas and to cell lines of the neuroectodermal lineage, but not normal melanocytes. Mel-CAM is found on 80% of advanced primary human melanomas and correlates well with development of metastatic disease.

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This MAb is specific to Complement 4d (C4d) and it reacts with the secreted as well as cell-bound C4d.C4d is a degradation product of the activated complement factor C4b. Complement 4b is typically activated by binding of Abs to specific target molecules. Following activation and degradation of the C4 molecule, thio-ester groups are exposed, which allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product Complement 4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute humoral (i.e. antibody-mediated) rejection of kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. As an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection and its proclivity for endothelium, this component can be detected in peritubular capillaries in chronic renal allograft rejection as well as hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection, and borderline rejection. It has been shown to be a significant predictor of transplant kidney graft survival. Anti-C4d, combined with anti-C3d, can be utilized as a tool for diagnosis of allograft rejection that may warrant a prompt and aggressive anti-rejection treatment.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to Complement 4d (C4d) and it reacts with the secreted as well as cell-bound C4d.C4d is a degradation product of the activated complement factor C4b. Complement 4b is typically activated by binding of Abs to specific target molecules. Following activation and degradation of the C4 molecule, thio-ester groups are exposed, which allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product Complement 4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute humoral (i.e. antibody-mediated) rejection of kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. As an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection and its proclivity for endothelium, this component can be detected in peritubular capillaries in chronic renal allograft rejection as well as hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection, and borderline rejection. It has been shown to be a significant predictor of transplant kidney graft survival. Anti-C4d, combined with anti-C3d, can be utilized as a tool for diagnosis of allograft rejection that may warrant a prompt and aggressive anti-rejection treatment.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a 53 kDa protein, identified as the Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC-1). ODC is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and is involved in the conversion of ornithine to putrescine. The biological activity of ODC-1 is rapidly induced in response to virtually all agents known to promote cell proliferation including hormones, drugs, growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Reportedly, ODC mRNA levels are elevated in lung carcinomas as well as in colon adenomas and carcinomas. ODC activity in colorectal carcinomas is greater than those in adenomas and normal mucosa.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a 53 kDa protein, identified as the Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC-1). ODC is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and is involved in the conversion of ornithine to putrescine. The biological activity of ODC-1 is rapidly induced in response to virtually all agents known to promote cell proliferation including hormones, drugs, growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Reportedly, ODC mRNA levels are elevated in lung carcinomas as well as in colon adenomas and carcinomas. ODC activity in colorectal carcinomas is greater than those in adenomas and normal mucosa.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a protein of 56.5 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 10 (CK10). CK10 is expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the epidermis, expression of CK10 strictly parallels the extent of differentiation; it is absent in the basal layer, appears in the first suprabasal layers and increases in concentration towards the granular layer. However, CK10 is rarely detected in early stages of vulvar squamous carcinomas (tumors less than 2 cm, clinical stage I) regardless of the tumor grade. In larger and more advanced tumors (greater than 2 cm, clinical stages II and III), CK10 is detected very frequently. Expression of CK10 is related to maturation of malignant keratinocytes, being preferentially detected in more-differentiated parts.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes an 85-115 kDa protein (variation with cell type), identified as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) (Workshop IV). It has 7 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. ICAM-1 is a single chain glycoprotein of Ig supergene family, present on unstimulated endothelial cells (EC) and on a variety of other cell types including activated fibroblasts, EC, macrophages, and lymphocytes. ICAM-1 mediates cell adhesion by binding to integrins CD11a/CD18 (leukocyte adhesion molecule, LFA-1) and to CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1). This interaction enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation. ICAM-1 also binds to CD43 and to Plasmodium falciparum infected RBCs. W-CAM-1 MAb blocks aggregation of cell lines mediated by the ICAM-1 and blocks homotypic binding of purified populations of activated T- and B-lymphocytes and also aggregation of mixed T- and B-cell blasts. It inhibits T-cell adhesion to normal human endothelial cells. Activation induced by cell-cell contact (mixed lymphocyte reaction, T-cell mediated B-cell activation) is significantly inhibited. This MAb blocks elements of both effector arms of immune system (cytotoxic cell function and Ig production).

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Recognizes a 67 kDa glycoprotein, which is identified as CD33 (HLDA IV; WS Code M-505). CD33 is a transmembrane protein of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) family. It belongs to the immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing molecules able of recruiting protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 to signal assemblies; these ITIMs are also used for ubiquitin-mediated removal of the receptor from the cell surface. CD33 is expressed on cells of myelomonocytic lineage, binds sialic acid residues in N- and O-glycans on cell surfaces, and is a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia. CD33 is expressed on myeloid progenitors, monocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells and mast cells. It is absent on platelets, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA ) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA ). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA ) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA ). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Biotium

In Western blotting, this antibody detects an antigen of 125 kDa in human liver and 135 kDa in tumors of histiocytic origin. Comparative study of this MAb and a standard CD68 MAb showed that their antigens are different. Its antigen in all macrophage types studied is located on the plasma membrane and within cytoplasmic structures including lysosomes. This MAb shows a restricted reactivity to cells of the monocyte/macrophage system. It specifically reacts with blood monocytes and stains resident macrophages in a wide variety of human tissues. This MAb does not stain antigen-presenting cells, e.g., Langerhans cells. Reportedly, its reactivity is restricted to histiocytes and macrophages.

Supplier: Biotium

In Western blotting, this antibody detects an antigen of 125 kDa in human liver and 135 kDa in tumors of histiocytic origin. Comparative study of this MAb and a standard CD68 MAb showed that their antigens are different. Its antigen in all macrophage types studied is located on the plasma membrane and within cytoplasmic structures including lysosomes. This MAb shows a restricted reactivity to cells of the monocyte/macrophage system. It specifically reacts with blood monocytes and stains resident macrophages in a wide variety of human tissues. This MAb does not stain antigen-presenting cells, e.g., Langerhans cells. Reportedly, its reactivity is restricted to histiocytes and macrophages.

Supplier: Biotium

CD45R, also designated CD45 and PTPRC, has been identified as a transmembrane glycoprotein, broadly expressed among hematopoietic cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45R are distributed throughout the immune system according to cell type. These isoforms arise because of alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding protein domains are characterized by the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45RA (exon 4), CD45RB (exon 5), CD45RC (exon 6) and CD45RO (exons 4 to 6 spliced out). The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved. CD45RB is expressed on mature B-lymphocytes and the majority of lymphomas and leukemias of B-cell origin.