622 Results for: "Biosensis"

Supplier: Biosensis

Protein DJ-1 has many roles including protecting cells against oxidative stress and cell death (Ref: SwissProt). Mutations in the DJ-1 gene have been associated with rare forms of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Supplier: Biosensis

Peripherin is a class-III neuronal intermediate filament protein found in certain classes of neuron, most of which are located in the peripheral nervous system.

Supplier: Biosensis

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is synthesized as a precursor (proNGF) which may be released and have physiological functions to cause cell death. It binds neurotrophin receptor p75 and sortilin and may also be important for the development of nervous system. proNGF is synthesized in target tissues and glia, transported retrogradely and may be released. This antibody is raised in sheep to detect the prodomain of NGF not the mature peptide.

Supplier: Biosensis

TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Predominantly expressed in trigeminal and dorsal root sensory ganglia. Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are also expressed in brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Supplier: Biosensis

NT3 is a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. NT3 is closely related to both NGF and BDNF. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NT3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display sevvere movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

Supplier: Biosensis

Beclin-1 plays a central role in autophagy. It may also play a role in antiviral host defense. It is ubiquitously expressed and it localises to the cytoplasm, golgi apparatus membrane, and in dendrites and cell bodies of cerbellar Purkinje cells. The unprocessed precursor has a length of 450 amino acids and an estimated molecular weight of 51.89 kDa.

Supplier: Biosensis

14.3.3 protein eta or 14.3.3  binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner (Ref SwissProt). 14.3.3 protein eta is widely expressed as both homodimers and heterodimers and are concentrated in the nervous system. High concentrations of 14.3.3 protein eta have been linked to Creutzfeld Jacob Disease, Parkinson's Disease and early-onset schizopherenia.

Supplier: Biosensis

Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments specific to mesenchymal tissue. Vimentin is an important cytoskeletal component responsible for maintaining cell integrity and has a probable role in the intracellular transport of proteins such as lipoproteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Immunohistochemical staining for Vimentin is characteristic of sarcomas. 

Supplier: Biosensis

Neurofilaments are composed of three intermediate filament proteins: light (~68 kDa), medium (~160 kDa) and heavy (~200 kDa), which are involved in the maintenance of the neuronal caliber. Neurofilament light (NF68 or NF-L) is the most abundant of the three proteins.

Supplier: Biosensis

Lysine acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins plays an important part in many cellular processes such as chromatin and nuclear signaling, transcription, gene silencing, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, differentiation, DNA replication and repair.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum. Associated with perikaryal rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as cytoplasmic large granular vesicles at synapses. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orexin family.

Supplier: Biosensis

Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. Leptin has a variety of other roles including endocrine functions, regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and wound healing (Ref Entrez Gene).

Supplier: Biosensis

Clone OX-42 recognises the rat equivalent of human CD11b. CD11b is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. CD11b is predominantly expressed in monocytes and granulocytes and is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles (Ref: SWISSPROT). CD11b is also frequently used as a microglial marker allowing to distinguish between quiescent and activated microglia based on the intensity of CD11b staining.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Plays a role in autophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein (Potential). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 3 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG9 family. IN YEAST: FUNCTION: Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Recruites ATG23 and ATG8 to the pre-autophagosomal structure. SUBUNIT: Interacts with ATG18, ATG2 and ATG23. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. Preautophagosomal structure; preautophagosomal structure membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Pre-autophagosomal and other perivacuolar punctate structures. The proper trafficking of ATG9 between the pre-autophagosomal structure and the other punctate structures requires ATG2, ATG18, ATG23, the ATG1-ATG13 complex and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG9 family.

Supplier: Biosensis

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a metabolic enzyme responsible for catalyzing one step in the glycolytic pathway, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. GAPDH may have other roles in the activation of transcription and in the regulation of apoptosis as well as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The immunogen used to raise this particular antibody was extensively purified pig GAPDH. This antibody can be used as a loading control for western blotting experiments, allowing comparison between the level of this protein and others in a cell or tissue.

Supplier: Biosensis

Neurturin (NTN) is a member of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors. This protein is a potent survival factor for several populations of central and peripheral neurons in mature and developing rodents. FUNCTION: Supports the survival of sympathetic neurons in culture. May regulate the development and maintenance of the CNS. Might control the size of non-neuronal cell population such as haemopoietic cells. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. DISEASE: Defects in NRTN are a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, and possibly with other loci, defects in NRTN are involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.

Supplier: Biosensis

CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) family. Type V subfamily.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1/Tip60 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity. Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. May be involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. FUNCTION: Beta-amyloid peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Bind transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. Rat and mouse beta-amyloid peptides bind only weakly transient metals and have little reducing activity due to substitutions of transient metal chelating residues. Beta-APP42 may activate mononuclear phagocytes in the brain and elicit inflammatory responses. Promotes both tau aggregation and TPK II-mediated phosphorylation (By similarity). FUNCTION: The gamma-CTF peptides as well as the caspase-cleaved peptides, including C31, are potent enhancers of neuronal apoptosis. SUBUNIT: Binds, via its C-terminus, to the PID domain of several cytoplasmic proteins, including APBB family members, the APBA family, MAPK8IP1, SHC1, Numb and Dab1. Binding to Dab1 inhibits its serine phosphorylation. Also interacts with GPCR-like protein BPP, FPRL1, APPBP1, IB1, KNS2 (via its TPR domains), APPBP2 (via BaSS) and DDB1. In vitro, it binds MAPT via the MT-binding domains. Associates with microtubules in the presence of ATP and in a kinesin-dependent manner. Interacts, through a C-terminal domain, with GNAO1. Amyloid beta-42 binds CHRNA7 in hippocampal neurons. Beta-amyloid associates with HADH2. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: different isoforms in different tissues: kidney. brain. liver. hippocampus, substania nigra pars compacta and cerebellum. In the cerebellum, all the isoforms are abundantly expressed in Purkinje cells.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Seems to promotes the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

Supplier: Biosensis

BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and regulates the survival and differentiation of neurons during development. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. FUNCTION: Promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. POst translation modification: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

Supplier: Biosensis

GDNF is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer molecule. It was first discovered as a potent survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons and was then shown to rescue these neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease. GDNF is about 100 times more efficient survival factor for spinal motor neurons than the neurotrophins. FUNCTION: Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF may be a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, defects in GDNF may be involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.

Supplier: Biosensis

Alpha synuclein is an abundant 140 amino acid neuronal protein, expressed primarily at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. Alpha synuclein has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. A point mutation in the gene coding for the alpha-synuclein protein was the first discovery linking this protein to a rare familial form of Parkinson's disease (PD). Subsequently, other mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene have been identified in familial PD. The aggregated proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies found in PD and cortical Lewy body dementia (LBD) were discovered to be predominantly alpha-synuclein. Aberrant aggregation of alpha-synuclein has been detected in an increasing number of neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleopathies. Alpha-synuclein exists physiologically in both soluble and membrane-bound states, in unstructured and alpha-helical conformations, respectively. The physiological function of alpha-synuclein appears to require its translocation between these subcellular compartments and interconversion between the 2 conformations. Abnormal processing of alpha-synuclein is predicted to lead to pathological changes in its binding properties and function.

Supplier: Biosensis

The beta Amyloid peptide is derived from the cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. Beta amyloid peptides are the major constituents of the plaques and tangles that occur in Alzheimer's disease.

Supplier: Biosensis

The Biosensis Neurotrophin 4/5 Rapid™ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the specific, fast and reliable quantification of NT4/5 in less than 4 hours in cell culture supernatants, human citrate-plasma and brain extracts only if used as directed.

Supplier: Biosensis

SOD1 binds copper and zinc ions ans is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. SOD1 is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Defects in SOD1 are the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1 (ALS1) which is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons and resulting in fatal paralysis.

Supplier: Biosensis

Beta-synuclein is a soluble cytoplasmic protein associated with synaptic vesicles and a member of the synuclein family. Mutations in alpha-synuclein cause early onset Parkinson's disease. Expression of beta synuclein may modulate alpha-synuclein aggregation found in Parkinson's disease.

Supplier: Biosensis

This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This gene product is a characteristic feature of cholinergic neurons, and changes in these neurons may explain some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with episodic apnea. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and some of these variants have been shown to encode more than one isoform. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Supplier: Biosensis

Vimentin is the major protein subunit of the 10nm or intermediate filaments protein found in many kinds of mesenchymal and epithelia cells. Vimentin is also found in many kinds of cells in tissue culture and in developing neuronal and astrocytic precursor cells in the central nervous system. Vimentin frequently forms copolymers with other intermediate filament proteins, such as GFAP (in many kinds of astrocytes), with desmin (in muscle cells) and neurofilament proteins (in developing neurons). Antibodies to vimentin are useful in studies of stem cells and generally to reveal the filamentous cytoskeleton.

Supplier: Biosensis

Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) is a multi-pass membrane protein and component of the gamma-secretase complex. PSEN1 is thought to play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. It may also play a role in hematopoiesis. Defects in PSEN1 are a cause of Alzheimer disease type 3 (AD3), a familial early-onset form of Alzheimer disease (Ref:SWISS-Prot).

Supplier: Biosensis

TrkC is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase family. TrkC is a membrane-bound receptor that upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. TrkC is the receptor for neurotrophin-3 (NT-3).  Signalling through TrkC leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in the development of proprioceptive neurons that sense body position. SUBUNIT: Exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 4 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist. Mutations in TrkC have been associated with medulloblastomas, secretory breast carcinomas and other cancers.