"Bioss"

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Prevents the interaction between CTNNB1 and TCF family members, and acts as negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway.

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NPTX1 is a member of the neuronal pentraxin gene family. Neuronal pentraxin 1 is similar to the rat NP1 gene which encodes a binding protein for the snake venom toxin taipoxin. Human NPTX1 mRNA is exclusively localized to the nervous system.

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E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), LDLR, VLDLR and LRP8. Activity depends on E2 enzymes of the UBE2D family. Proteasomal degradation of MRLC leads to inhibit neurite outgrowth in presence of NGF by counteracting the stabilisation of MRLC by saposin-like protein (CNPY2/MSAP) and reducing CNPY2-stimulated neurite outgrowth. Acts as a sterol-dependent inhibitor of cellular cholesterol uptake by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of LDLR.

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Involved in diverse cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, protein chaperoning, histone assembly, cell proliferation, and regulation of tumor suppressors p53/TP53 and ARF. Binds ribosome presumably to drive ribosome nuclear export. Associated with nucleolar ribonucleoprotein structures and bind single-stranded nucleic acids. Acts as a chaperonin for the core histones H3, H2B and H4. Stimulates APEX1 endonuclease activity on apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) double-stranded DNA but inhibits APEX1 endonuclease activity on AP single-stranded RNA. May exert a control of APEX1 endonuclease activity within nucleoli devoted to repair AP on rDNA and the removal of oxidized rRNA molecules. In concert with BRCA2, regulates centrosome duplication. Regulates centriole duplication: phosphorylation by PLK2 is able to trigger centriole replication. Negatively regulates the activation of EIF2AK2/PKR and suppresses apoptosis through inhibition of EIF2AK2/PKR autophosphorylation.

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BAI1, a p53-target gene, encodes brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor, a seven-span transmembrane protein and is thought to be a member of the secretin receptor family. Brain-specific angiogenesis proteins BAI2 and BAI3 are similar to BAI1 in structure, have similar tissue specificities and may also play a role in angiogenesis.

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) are a protein family of transmembrane receptors that transmit an extracellular signal (ligand binding) into an intracellular signal (G protein activation). GPR signaling is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism used by all eukaryotes to sense environmental stimuli and mediate cell-cell communication. All of the receptors have seven membrane-spanning domains and the extracellular parts of the receptor can be glycosylated. These extracellular loops also contain two highly conserved cysteine residues which create disulfide bonds to stabilize the receptor structure. GPR105, also designated P2Y14, is widely expressed throughout many brain regions where it localizes to glial cells, and specifically co-localizes with astrocytes. GPR105 is upregulated when a tissue is immunologically challenged with lipopolysaccharide, leading to the theory that GPR105 may play an important role in modulating peripheral and neuroimmune function.

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GTP-binding protein that functions as an allosteric activator of the cholera toxin catalytic subunit, an ADP-ribosyltransferase. Involved in protein trafficking among different compartments. Modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi complex. Deactivation induces the redistribution of the entire Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a crucial role in protein trafficking. In its GTP-bound form, its triggers the association with coat proteins with the Golgi membrane. The hydrolysis of ARF1-bound GTP, which is mediated by ARFGAPs proteins, is required for dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi membranes and vesicles.

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The sense of taste is essential for the survival of organisms. For example, the ability to identify sweet-tasting foods enables animals to seek out food with high nutritive value, whereas the ability to identify bitter substances enables them to avoid the ingestion of potentially harmful substances. A family of integral membrane proteins are involved in taste perception and include T1R, which is involved in sweet taste perception and T2R, which is involved in bitter taste perception. Both types of taste receptors couple to various G proteins to initiate signal transduction cascades. Specifically, T2R38 is expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells. Variations in T2R38 are associated with the ability to taste the bitter chemical phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), also called thiourea tasting.

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LRRC62 contains 1 fibronectin type III domain and 5 LRR (leucine rich) repeats. The exact function of LRRC62 remains unknown.

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This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide neuromedin-K (neurokinin B). It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: neuromedin-K >substance K >substance P.

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ACY3 belongs to the aspA/astE family. Aspartoacylase subfamily. Catalytic activity: N-acyl-L-aspartate + H(2)O = a carboxylate + L-aspartate. Plays an important role in deacetylating mercapturic acids in kidney proximal tubules.

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Direct ligand for ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. Concomitantly recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors. The multiple isoforms perform diverse functions such as inducing growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial, neuronal, and skeletal muscle cells; inducing expression of acetylcholine receptor in synaptic vesicles during the formation of the neuromuscular junction; stimulating lobuloalveolar budding and milk production in the mammary gland and inducing differentiation of mammary tumor cells; stimulating Schwann cell proliferation; implication in the development of the myocardium such as trabeculation of the developing heart. Isoform 10 may play a role in motor and sensory neuron development.

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Involved in melanosome biogenesis by ensuring the stability of GPR143. Plays a vital role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of melanocyte protein PMEL, which is critical to the formation of stage II melanosomes.

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Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-48'-, as well as 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. Participates in the regulation of transepithelial sodium transport in renal cells. May be involved in cell growth arrest.

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Neuroligins are a family of plasma membrane proteins that possess an N-terminal hydrophobic domain, a large esterase homology domain, a single transmembrane region, a short cytoplasmic domain, and an EF-hand binding domain (1,2). Members of the neuroligin family include Neuroligin 1, Neuroligin 2 and Neuroligin 3. Neuroligins are expressed in excitatory neuronal synaptic clefts. Neuroligins play a role in the formation and remodeling of CNS synapses by binding to b-neurexins, a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Neuroexin 1b binds to the EF-hand domain of Neuroligin 1 and requires calcium ion. Neuroligins also bind to PSD-95, which may recruit ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors to the synapses.

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LSAMP is a neuronal surface glycoprotein found in cortical and subcortical regions of the limbic system expressed on the surface of somata and proximal dendrites of neurons. It is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and belongs to the IgLON subfamily of cell adhesion molecules. LSAMP contains three Ig domains and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. It is a highly conserved protein between rodents and humans (99% sequence identity) and it is involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and mediation of proper circuit formation of limbic pathways. This suggests that LSAMP plays an important role in the development and function of the limbic system. In addition, LSAMP may function as a tumor suppressor in renal carcinomas.