"Bioss"

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Anti-CALR Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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Initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa. The [TF:VIIa] complex activates factors IX or X by specific limited protolysis. TF plays a role in normal hemostasis by initiating the cell-surface assembly and propagation of the coagulation protease cascade.

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Anti-TSC2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in the regulation of actin filament dynamics. Acts downstream of several Rho family GTPase signal transduction pathways. Activated by upstream kinases including ROCK1, PAK1 and PAK4, which phosphorylate LIMK1 on a threonine residue located in its activation loop. LIMK1 subsequently phosphorylates and inactivates the actin binding/depolymerizing factors cofilin-1/CFL1, cofilin-2/CFL2 and destrin/DSTN, thereby preventing the cleavage of filamentous actin (F-actin), and stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton. In this way LIMK1 regulates several actin-dependent biological processes including cell motility, cell cycle progression, and differentiation. Phosphorylates TPPP on serine residues, thereby promoting microtubule disassembly. Stimulates axonal outgrowth and may be involved in brain development. Isoform 3 has a dominant negative effect on actin cytoskeletal changes. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1).

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Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators. Converts arachidonic acid to 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(15S)-HPETE. Also acts on linoleic acid to produce 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid/13-HPODE. Has no detectable 8S-lipoxygenase activity but reacts with (8S)-HPETE to produce (8S,15S)-diHPETE. May regulate progression through the cell cycle and cell proliferation. May also regulate cytokine secretion by macrophages and therefore play a role in the immune response. May also regulate macrophage differentiation into proatherogenic foam cells.

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This gene encodes a member of the ribosomal S6 kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. The encoded protein responds to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling to promote protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell proliferation. Activity of this gene has been associated with human cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. The use of alternative translation start sites results in isoforms with longer or shorter N-termini which may differ in their subcellular localizations. There are two pseudogenes for this gene on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013].

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This gene is a member of the MYC family and encodes a protein with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. This protein is located in the nucleus and must dimerize with another bHLH protein in order to bind DNA. Amplification of this gene is associated with a variety of tumors, most notably neuroblastomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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Sphingomyelin synthases synthesize the sphingolipid, sphingomyelin, through transfer of the phosphatidyl head group, phosphatidylcholine, on to the primary hydroxyl of ceramide. The reaction is bidirectional depending on the respective levels of the sphingolipid and ceramide. Golgi apparatus SMS1 directly and specifically recognizes the choline head group on the substrate, requiring two fatty chains on the choline-P donor molecule in order to be recognized efficiently as a substrate. Major form in macrophages. Required for cell growth in certain cell types such as HeLa cells. Suppresses BAX-mediated apoptosis and also prevents cell death in response to stimuli such as hydrogen peroxide, osmotic stress, elevated temperature and exogenously supplied sphingolipids. May protect against cell death by reversing the stress-inducible increase in levels of proapoptotic ceramide.

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The kinesin superfamily of proteins (KIFs) consists of a class of microtubule-dependent motors that play a major role in many cellular and developmental functions, including organelle transport, mitosis, meiosis, and possibly long-range signaling in neurons. The kinesin proteins are involved in organelle transport and are primarily associated with anterograde transport of vesicles and organelles in neurons, epithelial cells, and melanosomes with bidirectional transport of mitochondria. They also mediate transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex. In neurons, kinesin motors conduct vesicular transport, such as of synaptic vesicle components to axons and of neurotransmitter receptors to dendrites. KIF17 belongs to the functionally diverse subgroup of the kinesin superfamily characterized by a N-terminal motor domain (N-IV class), that includes the KIF3 motor protein. KIF17 is specifically expressed in the brain, present in abundance in the gray matter, particularly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, but not in the white matter such as the optic nerve.

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Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) catalyze the transport of Na+ in exchange for H+ across membranes in organisms and are required for numerous physiological processes. NHEDC2 (Na+/H+ exchanger-like domain-containing protein 2), also known as NHA2, is a 537 amino acid mitochondrial protein. NHEDC2 is involved in organelle volume homeostasis by catalyzing the exchange of protons for Na+ and Li+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Found in red blood cells, NHEDC2 is required for bone resorption activity and osteoclast differentiation. As a multi-pass membrane protein, NHEDC2 is expressed as two isoforms produced by alternative splicing events.

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This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily. This protein comprises an extracellular domain, an hydrophobic stretch corresponding to a single pass transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system. This gene has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumours including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The chromosomal rearrangements are the most common genetic alterations in this gene, which result in creation of multiple fusion genes in tumourigenesis, including ALK (chromosome 2)/EML4 (chromosome 2), ALK/RANBP2 (chromosome 2), ALK/ATIC (chromosome 2), ALK/TFG (chromosome 3), ALK/NPM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/SQSTM1 (chromosome 5), LK/KIF5B (chromosome 10), ALK/CLTC (chromosome 17), ALK/TPM4 (chromosome 19), and ALK/MSN (chromosome X).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011].

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Meteorin is a secreted protein belonging to the Meteorin family that contains 293 amino acids and promotes axonal extension, axonal network formation and regulates glial cell differentiation. Expressed in radial glia and undifferentiated neural progenitors of the central and peripheral nervous system, Meteorin is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 16, which encodes over 900 genes and comprises nearly 3% of the human genome. The GAN (Gigaxonin) gene is located on chromosome 16 and, with mutation, may lead to giant axonal neuropathy, a nervous system disorder characterized by increasing malfunction with growth. The rare disorder Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is also associated with chromosome 16, as is Crohn's disease, which is a gastrointestinal inflammatory condition.

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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family, which inhibit NF-kappa-B by complexing with, and trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on these proteins by kinases marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B, which translocates to the nucleus to function as a transcription factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.

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Component of the outer dense fibers (ODF) of spermatozoa which could be involved in sperm tail structure, sperm movement and general organization of cellular cytoskeleton.

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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family; however, the specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets proteins to a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 proteins localize to the nuclear membrane, nuclear bodies and cytoplasm, respectively. SUMO-1 utilizes Ubc9 for conjugation to several target proteins, which include IkBa, MDM2, p53, PML and Ran GAP1. SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 contribute to a greater percentage of protein modification than does SUMO-1, and unlike SUMO-1, they can form polymeric chains. In addition, SUMO-3 regulates b-Amyloid generation and may be critical in the onset or progression of Alzheimer’s disease.