191825 Results for: "2,5-Di-tert-butyl-p-benzochinon"

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

Ammonium iron(III) sulphate dodecahydrate 98.5-102.0% ACS

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. IL-12 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and B cells in response to bacterial products and cytokines such as IFN-γ. The IL-12 receptor is expressed on T, NK, and dendritic cells. Upon binding, IL-12 initiates signaling via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and stimulates NK, B, and T cells to produce IFN-γ (Watford et al.). It also regulates cytokine synthesis, proliferation of T and NK cells, and stimulates differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Germann and Rüde). Mice that are deficient in IL-12 are susceptible to many intracellular pathogens and have impaired IFN-γ secretion, Th1 differentiation, and NK cytolytic activity; however, Th2 development and IL-4 production are enhanced (Watford et al.).

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Recently, a number of cytokines belonging to the interleukin (IL)-17 family have been identified. These are termed as IL-17B, IL-17C and IL-17E. IL-17 is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays roles in a number of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis , multiple sclerosis , and promotion of tumor growth. IL-17B, C, and E like IL-17 are able to induce proinflammatory responses. However, they do not bind to the IL-17 receptor suggesting that additional IL-17R related receptor might exist. Receptor for IL-17B and IL-17E has been independently isolated by Shi, et al and Lee, et al. and has been designated as EV127 (in mouse) and IL-17Rh1 (in human), respectively. IL-17E induces activation of NF-κB pathway and like IL-17 also induces production of IL-8. The IL17 proteins are a family of potent cytokines that act to induce proinflammatory responses. Studies have shown that IL17E binds strongly to IL17RB. Receptor binding of ligand has been shown to lead to the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B and production of IL8. Exposure of mice to IL17 resulted in a Th-2 like response characterized by increased serum IgE, IgG1 and IgA levels, blood eosinophilia, increased lymphocytes and neutrophils, and pathological changes in the tissues that included eosinophilic infiltrates, increased mucus production, B-lymphocyte hyperplasia and epithelial cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Store at +4 °C, store under nitrogen
Glutathione is the major low molecular weight thiol compound of the living plant or animal cell. It is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain. It is an antioxidant, preventing damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals and peroxides. The sulfhydryl (thiol) group (SH) of cysteine serves as a proton donor and is responsible for the biological activity of glutathione.
Glutathione suppresses human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected monocytic cells. It is a useful tripeptide involved in many aspects of metabolism, including transport of g-glutanyl amino acids and reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds.
Endogenous antioxidant that plays a major role in reducing reactive oxygen species formed during cellular metabolism and the respiratory burst. Glutathione-S-transferase catalyzes the formation of glutathione thioethers with xenobiotics, leukotrienes, and other molecules that have an electrophilic center. Glutathione also forms disulfide bonds with cysteine residues in proteins. Via these mechanisms, it can have the paradoxical effect of reducing the efficacy of anti-cancer agents.

Supplier: Merck

Sodium cholate hydrate, Sigma-Aldrich®

Supplier: Merck

Sodium cholate hydrate, Sigma-Aldrich®

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Dimethyl Sulfoxide is ideal for use as a cryoprotectant. Also used in chemical reactions, in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) as a PCR cosolvent to help improve yields, especially in long PCR, and as a cryoprotectant vitrification agent for the preservation of cells, tissues and organs. DMSO is used in cell freezing media to protect cells from ice crystal-induced mechanical injury. It is used for frozen storage of primary, sub-cultured, and recombinant heteroploid and hybridoma cell lines, embryonic stem cells (ESC), and hematopoietic stem cells. DMSO is frequently used in the combinations with BSA or fetal bovine serum (FBS). Used to enhance dermal absorption of many chemicals. A solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds including fats, carbohydrates, dyes, resins, and polymers. Used in antifreeze or hydraulic fluids. A cryopreservative for cell cultures. Used in the oxidation of thiols and disulfides to sulfonic acids.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a highly polar aprotic organic reagent that has exceptional solvent properties for organic and inorganic chemicals.

Physical Apppearance: Liquid
Viscosity: 1.1 centipoises (27 °C)
Vapor Density: 2.7 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.55 hPa at 20 °C, 0.42 mmHg (20 °C)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.479(lit.)
Solubility: Soluble in water (1 mL DMSO + 1 mL H2O), methanol, acetone, ether, benzene, chloroform

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4) is a member of the FGF superfamily (Beenken and Mohammadi). FGF-4 is expressed in pluripotent stem cells and is implicated in various stages of development and morphogenesis in a variety of organisms (Kosaka et al. 2009). FGF-4 has been shown to have an ability to promote neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the postnatal brain (Kosaka et al. 2006). FGF-4 has also been shown to increase the proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells (Farré et al.). FGF-4 supports the maintenance and self-renewal properties of human embryonic stem cells and also promotes the proliferation of these cells (Mayshar et al.). In the mouse, the Fgf4 gene also supports proliferation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and postimplantation embryos (Feldman et al.).

Supplier: Cayman Chemical

Lupeol, a dietary triterpene found in certain fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, has potent anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and antimalarial activity. It suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC7721 and HepG2 with IC50 values of 45 and 48.5 μM and melanoma cell lines Mel 928 and Mel 1241 with IC50 values of 75 and 72 μM.¹'² At 0.76 g/kg lupeol causes a significant decrease in the blood pressure of stroke-prone hypertensive rats and reduces expression of hepatic genes involved in triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis.³ It also has significant anti-inflammatory effects at 50 mg/kg in a carrageenan-induced edema model, inhibiting neutrophil migration.⁴

1. Tarapore, R.S.,Siddiqui, I.A.,Saleem, M., et al. Specific targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human melanoma cells by a dietary triterpene lupeol. Carcinogenesis 31(10), 1844-1853 (2010).
2. He, Y.,Liu, F.,Zhang, L., et al. Growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by lupeol, a dietary triterpene, in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Bio.Pharm.Bull. 34(4), 517-522 (2011).
3. Ardiansyah,Yamaguchi, E.,Shirakawa, H., et al. Lupeol supplementation improves blood pressure and lipid metabolism parameters in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 76(1), 183-185 (2012).
4. Lucetti, D.L.,Lucetti, E.C.,Bandeira, M.A., et al. Anti-inflammatory effects and possible mechanism of action of lupeol acetate isolated from Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel. Journal of Inflammation 7(60), 1-11 (2010).

Supplier: VELP SCIENTIFIC

Premium digital homogeniser with advanced safety featuring a powerful brushless motor, electronic speed control, integral timer and counter function. Engineered for homogenisation, emulsification, suspensions, and high-speed mixing of cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical products, as well as biological tissues.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

1,10-Phenanthroline hydrochloride monohydrate 97%

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

GRO (growth-regulated oncogene)-beta or CXCL2 is a member of the CXC family, which plays an integral role in recruitment and activation of neutrophils and basophils in response to tissue injury and microbial infection. GRO-beta and GRO-gamma are closely related to GRO-alpha and share 90% and 86% amino acid sequence homology, respectively, with GRO-alpha. Receptor-binding studies have demonstrated that GRO-alpha, -beta, and -gamma signal mainly through G protein-coupled receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (Ahuja and Murphy). GRO-beta is expressed in epithelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes and is further induced during inflammatory, epithelialization, and angiogenic processes, for example during the wound healing process of human burn wounds (Zaja-Milatovic and Richmond). GRO-beta also stimulates mitogenesis in certain human melanoma cells (Unemori et al.).

Supplier: Molekula

1,10-Phenanthroline hydrochloride monohydrate

Supplier: Merck

1,10-Phenanthroline hydrochloride monohydrate, Sigma-Aldrich®

Supplier: Merck

L-Arginine hydrochloride, Sigma-Aldrich®

Supplier: EPPENDORF

Eppendorf epT.I.P.S.® Bulk packs offer a practical, high-volume solution with 'Eppendorf Quality' pipette tips, ensuring precise and reliable measurements for various lab applications, packaged economically for high-throughput settings.

Supplier: EPPENDORF

Eppendorf Tubes® with screw cap are an ideal choice when working with medium-sized sample volumes (0,5 to 5,0 ml). SafeCode variants enhance sample identification, while the BioBased option, manufactured using renewable resources, provides an eco-friendly alternative without compromising performance.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Use Interferon beta (IFN-β) to modulate the activity of genes that control dendritic cell activation, T cell survival, NK cell activation, chemokine expression, lymph node retention, and antiproliferative and antiviral effects (Dunn et al. Nat Rev Immunol, 2006). IFN-β binds to a receptor complex composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, and initiates signal transduction via the JAK/STAT pathway. It is predominantly produced by fibroblasts, with smaller amounts from plasmocytoid dendritic cells. Macrophages and endothelial cells secrete IFN-β in response to viral infection (Reder and Feng. Front Immunol, 2013). IFN-β suppresses Th17 cells by affecting expression of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-27, and is a first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis. IFN-β was also shown to expand regulatory T cells and limit T cell trafficking to the central nervous system (Inoue and Shinohara. Immunology, 2013). Of the two IFN-β variants (IFN-β1 and IFN-β3), this product is the IFN-β1 form.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine belonging to the CX3C family, and is characterized by a C-X3-C cysteine motif within the chemokine domain, near the amino terminus of the protein (Bazan et al.). The chemokine domain is connected to an extended mucin-like stalk, followed by a transmembrane region, and a C-terminal intracellular domain (Imai et al.; Jones et al.). The protein signals through interaction with a single receptor, CX3CR1, expressed on monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, microglia, and smooth muscle cells. Fractalkine is upregulated in endothelial cells by inflammatory signals and is synthesized as a membrane-bound molecule that mediates cell migration and adhesion (White and Greaves). Cleavage at the base of the stalk by metalloproteinases generates a soluble chemokine, which functions as a potent chemoattractant of target cells (Garton et al.; Apostolakis and Spandidos). Fractalkine has been implicated in pathology of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, and has anti-apoptotic functions (White and Greaves).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Fibroblast growth factor 8B (FGF-8B) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family and is an isoform of FGF-8. Cytokines in the FGF family possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities (Folkman and Klagsbrun; Kimelman and Kirschner) and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis (Folkman and Klagsbrun; Klagsbrun; Rifkin and Moscatelli). FGF-8B signals through FGF receptors (FGFRs) to activate PI3K and MAPK pathways. FGF-8B regulates gastrulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and mesenchymal to epithelial differentiation during embryonic development. FGF-8B has also been found in peripheral blood leukocytes and healthy bone marrow samples (Mattila and Härkönen). FGF-8B has mitogenic effects on somatic cells in the germinal epithelium and is expressed in adult mouse ovarian cells and tissues, which suggests that it regulates maturation of oocytes and seminiferous epithelium in testes (Valve et al.). This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 31 (IL-31), a four-helix bundle inflammatory cytokine, belongs to the IL-6 cytokine family which includes IL-6, oncostatin M, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and cardiotrophin-1 ( Dillon et al.). IL-31 signals through a heterodimer composed of IL-31RA (also known as gp130-like receptor or GPL) and the oncostatin-M receptor (OSMR), both of which are expressed on monocytes (Diveu et al.; Ghilardi et al.), epithelial cells (Ip et al.), and keratinocytes (Kato et al.). Signaling through the GPL/OSMR complex activates the JAK/STAT, RAS/ERK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, resulting in the downstream activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 transcription factors (Cornelissen et al.; Dambacher et al.; Dillon et al.; Ip et al.). IL-31 responses have been associated with allergic responses and inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis (Cornelissen et al.; Gangemi et al.).

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Applications
Guanidine hydrochloride can be used as the first step in refolding proteins or enzymes into their active form. Urea and dithiothreitol (DTT) may also be necessary. Also used in the isolation of RNA. It is a strong chaotropic agent useful for the denaturation and subsequent refolding of protein, it can solubilize insoluble or denatured proteins such as inclusion bodies and be used for the recovery of periplasmic proteins. This can be used as the first step in refolding proteins or enzymes into their active form. Urea and dithiothreitol (DTT) may also be necessary. Also used in the isolation of RNA.
Product Description
The crystal structure of Guanidine hydrochloride consists of a network of guanidinium cations and chloride anions linked by N–H•••Cl hydrogen bonds,it is a strong chaotropic agent.Guanidine HCl may agglomerate upon storage. It may appear as a free-flowing crystalline powder, a freeflowing powder with solid material dispersed throughout, or a solid. The quality of the product does not appear to be affected and solutions prepared from the free-flowing and lumpy guanidine HCl appear identical

Grade: Ultra Pure
Purity: >99%
Keywords: Guanidium chloride, chaotropic agent
Key Applications: Chaeotropic agent
Product Type: Biochemicals
Biochemical Category: Chaotropic Agents
Density: 1.345 g/cm³ at 20 °C (Lit.)
Melting Point: 180-190 °C
UV/Visible Absorbance: OD260nm (6.0 M aq soln) <0.03
Presentation: White Crystalline Powder
pH: 4-6 (6.0 M aq soln)
Solubility: Soluble in water,Clear, Colorless Solution (6 M - clear, colorless solution).
Storage & Handling: Room Temperature, desiccate

Supplier: Brand

PP. These 0,2 and 0,5 ml PCR tubes with attached caps are compatible with leading thermal cyclers with heated lids.

Supplier: VWR Collection

The housing and tank are constructed from high-quality SUS 304 stainless steel, providing durability and longevity. Equipped with user-friendly interface display which offers intuitive function selection and real-time parameter setting. Units also feature intelligent detection on startup, promptly alerting users to any potential issues via buzzer and alarm. Additionally, they continuously monitor the power supply voltage in real-time to ensure optimal operating conditions. The automatic heating stirring function ensures uniform liquid temperature throughout the tank. The anti-leakage tray prevents damage to electrical components and avoids the risk of hazard in case of leakage.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

D-(+)-Camphor ≥98%

Supplier: TRANE TECHNOLOGIES

Purpose-built for life science applications, FARRAR®’s ULC series including the Ultra-Low Chamber (ULC-190), Ultra-Low Chamber (ULC-328), and the new Ultra-Low Chamber (ULC-259) are the only −20 to −80 °C, forced-air, ultra-low-temperature freezers on the market with air and water-cooled options.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is the founding member of the family of cytokines that includes IL-17B through IL-17F. It is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in defense against pathogens. IL-17A and IL-17F signal as homodimers or heterodimers through the same receptor, and activate NF-κB, MAPK, and C/EBP pathways (Gaffen). IL-17A is produced by Th17 cells, CD8+ T cells, γ/δ T cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) (Cua and Tato; Gaffen; Mojsilović et al.). IL-17A mediates protection against extracellular pathogens, and together with IL-22 stimulates production of antimicrobial peptides. It induces granulopoiesis factors and neutrophil-specific chemokines. Together with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-17A induces a sustained neutrophil recruitment during inflammation (Cua and Tato). IL-17A receptor is expressed at particularly high levels on stromal cells, including MSCs. IL-17A increases the frequency and the average size of fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-F), as well as the proliferation of marrow-derived MSCs. It enhances osteogenic differentiation, and inhibits adipocyte differentiation and chondrogenesis (Mojsilović et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that regulates a broad variety of developmental functions. After LIF binds to LIF receptor (LIFR), LIFR associates with gp130 and activates JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling (Auernhammer and Melmed; Suman et al.). LIFR activation of STAT3 is essential for maintaining the mouse embryonic stem cell phenotype (Niwa et al.). Produced by the endometrium, LIF plays an important autocrine and paracrine role in implantation by regulating proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of trophoblasts following blastocyst attachment (Auernhammer and Melmed; Suman et al.). Human LIF can be used for the maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells, however mouse LIF cannot bind to the human receptor, thus rendering mouse LIF inactive (Dahéron et al.). LIF is produced by CD4+ and activated regulatory T cells, and promotes Foxp3 expression, while repressing Th17 lineage-specific genes (Metcalfe). LIF is also secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells, where it supports hematopoiesis and immune modulation (Nasef et al.). This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: Brand

PP. Eight connected 0,2 or 0,15 ml PCR tubes with attached flat individual caps. The tubes are held together by three connectors for increased rigidity.

Supplier: Merck

L(+)-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, Millipore®