Conveniently and consistently add transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ꞵ1) to your cultures with this cell culture-ready formulation. This human recombinant TGF-ꞵ1 is precisely reconstituted to 0,1 mg/ml in 100 mM acetic acid and requires no additional preparation, improving reproducibility. Endotoxin levels are verified, using the LAL method to ensure consistency for use across multiple applications. A member of the TGF-β superfamily, TGF-β1 regulates diverse cellular phenotypes. TGF-β1 binds to serine-threonine kinase type I and II receptors and activates signal transduction through SMAD2/3 proteins.

TGF-β1 has been used for:
hPSC culture maintenance:
Use TGF-β1 together with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to support the culture of undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (Amit et al. Biol Reprod, 2004).
Exogenus cell signaling:
Regulate a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism (Massagué Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2000; McDowell et al. Curr Biol, 1997).
Immune cell Homeostatis:
Modulate B cell responses and mediate immunosuppressive effects on T cells and neutrophils (Letterio and Roberts Annu Rev Immunol, 1998).