537 Results for: "u100in"

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 53-6.7 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The PC61.5 antibody is specific for mouse CD25, a 55 kDa surface protein also known as the Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha chain, or IL-2R alpha. CD25 may bind IL-2 by itself, although with low affinity and without induction of cell signaling. CD25 is also expressed within a high-affinity complex, along with the IL-2R beta chain (CD122) and the common gamma chain (CD132), to form a signaling receptor complex. Expression of CD25 varies during developmental stages of T and B cells, is induced on activated mature T and B cells, and is present on subsets of dendritic cells. CD25 signaling as part of the IL-2 receptor complex triggers T cell activation and proliferation, as well as modulating the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, and dendritic cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The XMG1.2 antibody is specific for mouse Interferon-gamma (IFN-g), a 20 kDa type II cytokine known for its central roles in protection against bacterial or viral pathogens and for its anti-tumor properties. IFN-g is secreted by several types of immune cells, which allow the cytokine to modulate innate immunity, when secreted by NK and NKT cells, and to function in supporting adaptive immunity when secreted by Th1 and CD8+ T cells (CTLs).

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 104 antibody reacts with mouse CD45.2, also known as Ly5.2, which is a strain-specific allelic form of the CD45 Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA). Functionally, CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase whose broad cell distribution supports a critical role in many leukocyte functions, including regulation of signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell and B cell receptors.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RPA-T4 antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4, and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, may also be utilized by HIV-1 to enter T cells. Human CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, some mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RB6-8C5 antibody binds to mouse Ly-6G, commonly known as Gr-1, a member of the Ly-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored cell surface proteins with roles in cell signaling and cell adhesion. Gr-1 is differentially expressed during development and maturation of cells in the myeloid lineage and is expression at varying stages and levels on monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and peripheral neutrophils.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 17A2 antibody reacts with the mouse CD3 complex, comprised of CD3 epsilon, CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The IM7 antibody recognizes CD44, a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor which is important for extracellular matrix organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and migration. CD44 may be expressed in a number of different isoforms (splice variants) from the most typical or “standard” form, known as CD44s, to variants designated CD44v, e.g. CD44v1 or CD44v6. These receptors interact with several ligands, but most often associate with an extracellular matrix component hyaluronate, through which it mediates adhesion.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 104 antibody reacts with mouse CD45.2, also known as Ly5.2, which is a strain-specific allelic form of the CD45 Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA). Functionally, CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase whose broad cell distribution supports a critical role in many leukocyte functions, including regulation of signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell and B cell receptors. 

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RB6-8C5 antibody binds to mouse Ly-6G, commonly known as Gr-1, a member of the Ly-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored cell surface proteins with roles in cell signaling and cell adhesion. Gr-1 is differentially expressed during development and maturation of cells in the myeloid lineage and is expression at varying stages and levels on monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and peripheral neutrophils.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 53-6.7 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The J43.1 antibody is specific for mouse CD279, also known as programmed death-1 (PD-1), a 55 kDa glycoprotein which can co-regulate T cell antigen receptor signaling and therefore modulate T cell activation. PD-1 exists in a monomeric form that is expressed by CD4- CD8- thymocytes, where it participates in the processes of clonal selection, elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes, and development of tolerance. PD-1 expression is also inducible upon activation of mature T cells, where it has been proposed to interact with the co-stimulatory receptor CD80 to limit T cell activation. Two ligands for PD-1, known as PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) are differentially expressed on T and B cells, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells or dendritic cells. PD-1 is a member of a family of receptors including CD28 and CTLA-4 (CD152), which interact with “B7” ligands to provide a balance of co-stimulatory /co-inhibitory signaling important in T cell activation, tolerance, and autoimmunity.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 2F1 antibody reacts with mouse KLRG1 (Killer cell Lectin-like Receptor G1). This 30 to 38 kDa homodimeric receptor may be expressed by activated, mature NK cells and by effector/memory T cells, with potentially different roles in each cell type. KLRG1 can regulate, in an inhibitory fashion, the development and effector functions of NK cells, and is often cited as a senescence or terminal differentiation marker for T cells. Ligands for KLRG1 include members of the cadherin family of adhesion molecules, specifically N-Cadherin, E-Cadherin, and R-Cadherin. These interactions may induce bidirectional, immunosuppressive signaling in both KLRG- and Cadherin-expressing cells. A more recently identified role for KLRG1-Cadherin signaling in tissue organization, e.g. in cardiac angiogenesis, expands the function of these interactions beyond immunosuppression of immune cells. (Bouchentouf et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 185: 7014-7025).

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RB6-8C5 antibody binds to mouse Ly-6G, commonly known as Gr-1, a member of the Ly-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored cell surface proteins with roles in cell signaling and cell adhesion. Gr-1 is differentially expressed during development and maturation of cells in the myeloid lineage and is expression at varying stages and levels on monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and peripheral neutrophils.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The N418 antibody reacts with mouse CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor complex known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 53-6.7 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The H57-597 antibody is specific for the beta chain of the mouse T cell Receptor (TCR). This cell surface protein combines with a second protein chain (alpha chain) to form the alpha-beta TCR that is expressed by NK1.1+ thymocytes, NKT cells, and the majority of peripheral T cells. A small number of T cells may express an alternative heteromer of gamma/delta protein chains, known as the g/d TCR. These receptors participate in a complex with CD3, and with the co-receptors CD4 or CD8, to recognize and respond to antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RM4-5 antibody reacts with mouse CD4, a 55 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta2-domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, certain mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The LTF-2 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The LTF-2 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for rat IgG2b antibodies.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The Mouse Basic T Lymphocyte backbone panel is a six-color combination of anti-mouse antibodies. This panel can serve as a backbone for identifying various T lymphocyte subsets, including naive and memory T cell populations. This panel's configuration leaves room for GFP or additional drop-in markers, if desired. Violet laser (405 nm) required for detection of CD3e violetFluorTM 450

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The GK1.5 antibody reacts with mouse CD4, a 55 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, certain mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The MOPC-21 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The MOPC-21 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for mouse IgG1 antibodies.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 1D3 antibody reacts with mouse CD19, a 95 kDa glycoprotein which acts as a co-receptor, along with CD21 and CD81, in support of the functional B cell receptor (BCR). This complex provides antigen-specific recognition and subsequent activation of B cells to proliferate and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (plasma cells) or memory B cells, which are crucial for secondary antigen encounter. CD19 is a lineage-differentiation marker, as its expression is detectable at the earliest B cell stages, through development, and is finally lost upon transition to mature plasma cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The CD28.2 antibody reacts with human CD28, a 44 kDa type I surface glycoprotein which acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, known as B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), which are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. Other members of the CD28 family of receptors include CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), ICOS and BTLA.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3G3 antibody reacts with mouse Foxp3, a 50-55 kDa transcription factor which is a central regulator of T cell activity and is critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Foxp3 is expressed at constitutively high levels in Treg cells, which are further identified as being CD4+ CD25+. In resting conventional T cells (CD4+ CD25-) Foxp3 expression is restricted, and upon TCR activation is expressed only transiently and in a small proportion of cells. However, the growth factor TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 in naïve T cells, driving their development into Foxp3+ Tregs, which are called “induced” or “adaptive” Tregs. These cells are phenotypically similar to so-called “natural” Tregs (CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+) which originate in the thymus and comprise the majority of Treg cells. Tregs are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance and are implicated in the development of autoimmunity.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The LTF-2 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The LTF-2 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for rat IgG2b antibodies.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The HRPN immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The HRPN immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for rat IgG1 antibodies.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The GL-1 antibody reacts with mouse CD86, also known as B7-2, an 80 kDa cell surface protein which is a ligand for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 can also bind a second B7 ligand known as CD80 (B7-1). Both CD80 and CD86 are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. 

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The TER-119 antibody is named for the antigen to which it binds, a 52 kDa surface protein that is associated with glycophorin-A. TER-119 is considered to be a lineage marker for later stages of erythroid cell development, as its expression begins at the pro-erythroblast stage. TER-119 antigen is not expressed at either BFU-E or CFU-E stages, i.e. prior to the pro-erythroblast stage.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The ACK2 antibody is specific for CD117, also called c-Kit, a 145 kDa cytokine receptor important in the development of hematopoietic stem cells, in oogenesis, and for functional activity of immune cells such as NK and mast cells. c-Kit binds to a ligand known as stem cell factor (SCF), or alternatively as mast cell growth factor. Ligand binding promotes the activation (dimerization) and subsequent tyrosine kinase activity of the c-Kit receptor and triggers key survival, expansion and maturation signals during hematopoietic progenitor cell development. Conversely, shedding of extracellular domain of c-Kit receptor is reported to induce inactivation or apoptosis within these cells. The survival signaling activity of c-Kit confers a proto-oncogenic attribute to the receptor, as overexpression or mutations in this protein are associated with tumor development. The ACK2 antibody is widely utilized as a marker to identify hematopoietic progenitors, and to neutralize receptor-ligand binding in vitro and in vivo. Please choose the appropriate format for each application. In addition, the antibody is reported to be cross-reactive with rat c-Kit and is extensively published for use in this species.