"Shenandoah Biotechnology"

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic), also known as FGF-2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. FGF-basic also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. FGF-basic binds heparin in order to signal through fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor tyrosine kinases. 

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Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes. IL-2 signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation. IL-2 also stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

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Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), also known as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), is a potent mitogen that regulates epithelial cell migration and differentiation. FGF-7 is produced by mesenchymal cells and binds in high affinity to a splice variant of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2-IIIb). The mitogenic activity of FGF-7 acts predominantly on keratinocytes, but not on fibroblast or endothelial cells. FGF-7 expression is upregulated after acute and chronic injury, suggesting that FGF-7 functions during the healing of injured epithelial cells. FGF-7 also induces the formation of the apical ectodermal ridge during limb development.

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Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) is an angiogenic growth factor that is expressed in the ovaries, testis, adrenal, and placental tissues. EG-VEGF has mitogenic, chemoattractive, and antiapoptotic functional roles.

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Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that signals through a multicomponent receptor system to activate receptor tyrosine kinase RET signaling. GDNF promotes dopamine uptake, prevents motor neuron apoptosis, and supports the survival and differentiation of neurons.

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Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10) is a growth factor that is important during embryonic development, especially during lung, limb, brain, heart, and kidney morphogenesis.FGF-10 is expressed in mesenchymal cells and facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal signaling through binding the epithelially expressed FGF receptor 2b (FGFR2b). FGF-10 also functions as a mitogen for keratinising epidermal cells, and induces the migration and invasion of cancer cells.

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Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a type II interferon that is critical during adaptive and innate immune responses to infection. IFN-γ is produced by T cells and natural killer cells following antigen-specific activation. IFN-γ binds IFN-γ receptors (IFN-γ R1 and IFN-γ R2), which are expressed on most immune cells, to activate the JAK-STAT pathway. IFN-γ-induced signaling increases the expression of class 1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Mouse IFN-γ is not cross-reactive with human IFN-γ.

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Amphiregulin (AR) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family.

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Prolactin is a hormone that is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. Prolactin acts in an endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine manner. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is expressed on many cell types, including cells of the reproductive organs, central nervous system, and breast cancer. Prolactin signal transduction occurs via JAK kinase signaling pathways. The primary function of prolactin is to regulate lactation, but prolactin also plays functional roles in the immune system and during cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation.

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Interleukin 17AF (IL-17AF) is a heterodimer that is composed of the interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and interleukin 17F (IL-17F) members of the IL-17 family of cytokines. IL-17AF is produced by T helper 17 cells (Th17) following interleukin 23 (IL-23) stimulation. IL-17AF signals through the IL-17RA/IL-17RC receptor complex and functions to regulate inflammatory responses. IL-17AF induces chemokine and airway neutrophilia production, similar in function to IL-17A and IL-17F homodimers. In regard to these functions, IL-17AF is less active than the IL-17A homodimer and shows greater activity than the IL-17F homodimer. Human and rat IL-17AF are active on mouse cells. 

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Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is expressed in type 2 T helper (Th2) cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. IL-5 acts through the IL-5 receptor (IL-5R), stimulates B cell growth, and mediates eosinophil activation. IL-5 expression is regulated by the GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) transcription factor. Human and mouse IL-5 show cross-reactivity.

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Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is constitutively expressed in smooth muscle and airway epithelial cells. IL-33 signals through the interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1R1) and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) receptors to ativate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. IL-33 functions to induce type 2 cytokine production in polarized Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells.

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Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are multifunctional peptides that regulate growth and differentiation in most cell types. The TGF-β family of proteins signal through serine/threonine kinase receptors. TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, -β2, and –β3) have overlapping, yet distinct biological actions in developing and adult tissues. TGF-β3 is an important factor in regulating cell adhesion and accelerating wound repair. TGF-β3 also functions during osteoblast proliferation, chemotaxis, and collagen synthesis.

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Epstein-Barr virus induced gene-3 (EBI3) is a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the hematopoietin receptor family related to the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (IL-12). EBI3 expression is induced in B-lymphocytes in response to Epstein-Barr virus infection. EBI3 forms heterodimers with p28 to form interleukin 27 (IL-27), and with p35 to form interleukin 35 (IL-35). Both IL-27 and IL-35 have anti-inflammatory and regulatory activity.

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Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes.  IL-2 signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation. IL-2 also stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

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Resistin-like molecule-beta (RELM-β) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing conserved C-terminus cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-ɣ (FIZZ4). Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans, whereas all four RELM family members are present in rodents. RELM-β functions to increase fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, resulting in airway remodelling and increased inflammation.