54117 Results for: "2,3-Dichlorobenzenesulphonyl+chloride&pageNo=48"

Supplier: Bioss

DISP2 is the second of three known homologs of the D.melanogaster protein Dispatched. It is a multitransmembrane protein containing two PTCH/DISP domains and is thought to be involved in the release of lipid-anchored Hedgehog from producing cells. Hedgehog is a major player in signaling pathways during embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and carcinogenesis and the DISP proteins have been implicated in these pathways. Recently, it has been shown that DISP2 is translationally regulated by the microRNA miR-214 in zebrafish. Expression of this miRNA decreased DISP2 promoter activity in vitro and its overexpression in zebrafish resulted in a phenotype identical to that observed by DISP2 mutants. At least two isoforms of DISP2 are known to exist.

Supplier: Bioss

Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal lung alveolar septum formation during embryogenesis, normal development of the gastrointestinal tract, normal development of Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. Required for normal oligodendrocyte development and normal myelination in the spinal cord and cerebellum. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by the formation of heterodimers with PDGFB (By similarity).

Supplier: Bioss

Casein kinase I (also designated CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII) compose a family of serine/threonine protein kinases which are present in all eukaryotes examined to date. Casein kinase I family members, which include casein kinase I Alpha, I Gamma, I Delta and I Epsilon, have been implicated in the control of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, including DNA replication and repair, membrane trafficking, circadian rhythm, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, apoptosis and cellular differentiation. Casein kinase I isoform alpha-like (CSNK1A1L) is a 337 amino acid protein that shares a high degree of sequence similarity with the alpha isoform of casein kinase 1. CSNK1A1L resides in the cytoplasm and participates in the Wnt signaling pathway. By utilizing ATP within its protein kinase domain, CSNK1A1L phosphorylates a large number of proteins.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene product is highly similar to Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9, a cell cycle checkpoint protein required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. This protein is found to possess 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, which may contribute to its role in sensing and repairing DNA damage. It forms a checkpoint protein complex with RAD1 and HUS1. This complex is recruited by checkpoint protein RAD17 to the sites of DNA damage, which is thought to be important for triggering the checkpoint-signaling cascade. Use of alternative polyA sites has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq].

Supplier: Bioss

Rb is a tumor suppressor gene which functions as a negative regulator of the cell cycle by interacting with transcription factors including E2F1, PU1, ATF2, UBF, Elf1 and cAbl. This ability of Rb to alter transcription is regulated by phosphorylation catalyzed by the cyclin dependent protein kinases (cdks). Rb is phosphorylated on serine and threonine, but not on tyrosine residues. It forms a complex with SV40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1A, and human papilloma virus 16E. Rb protein may act by regulating transcription and loss of its function leads to uncontrolled cell growth. Aberrations in the Rb gene have been implicated in cancers of breast, colon, prostate, kidney, nasopharynx, and leukemia.

Supplier: Bioss

KBTBD4

Supplier: Bioss

Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1), also designated phosphoglucosamine transacetylase or phosphoglucosamine acetylase, belongs to the GNA1 subfamily of the larger acetyltransferase family of proteins. GNA1, a peripheral membrane protein containing one N-acetyltransferase domain, is expressed in the colon and maps to cytoband 14q22.1. The protein localizes to the Golgi apparatus and the endosome. It is important for UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis pathway. GNA1 catalyzes the synthesis of GlcNAc6P from AcCoA and GlcN6P, a step in the UDP-GlcNAc6P formation pathway.

Supplier: Bioss

Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin specifically from endoplasmic reticulum-associated UBC7 E2 ligase and transfers it to substrates, promoting their degradation. Component of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system also called ER-associated degradation (ERAD) involved in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Also promotes the degradation of normal but naturally short-lived proteins such as SGK. Protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. Protects neurons from apoptosis induced by polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin (HTT) or unfolded GPR37 by promoting their degradation. Sequesters p53/TP53 in the cytoplasm and promotes its degradation, thereby negatively regulating its biological function in transcription, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.

Supplier: Bioss

RHOBTB1 is a member of the Rho family of the small GTPase superfamily. Is made of a GTPase domain, a proline-rich region, a tandem of 2 BTB (broad complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac) domains, and a conserved C-terminal region. Plays a role in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction and the organization of the actin filament system.

Supplier: Bioss

COPA (alpha-coat protein) is processed to produce Xenin. Xenin stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion to affect small and large intestinal motility, and inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated secretion of acid. In the gut, Xenin interacts with the neurotensin receptor. Membrane and vesicular trafficking in the early secretory pathway are mediated by non-Clathrin COP (coat protein) I-coated vesicles. COPI-coated vesicles mediate retrograde transport from the Golgi back to the ER and intra-Golgi transport. The cytosolic precursor of the COPI coat, the heptameric coatomer complex, is composed of two subcomplexes. The first consists of the COPB, COPG, COPD and COPZ subunits (also known as b-, g-, d- and z-COP, respectively), which are distantly homologous to AP Clathrin adaptor subunits. The second consists of the COPA, b'-COP and COPE subunits (also known as a-COP, COPP and e-COP, respectively).

Supplier: Bioss

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C (eIF2C) proteins (argonaute family) influence RNA interference (RNAi) as components of the RNA-inducible silencing complex (RISC) or microRNA (miRNA)-containing ribonucleoprotein particle (miRNP). Small RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and miRNAs, can silence target genes through mechanisms that utilize RISC or miRNP particles. eIF2C1 (argonaute 1, AGO1, eIF2C, GERP95, Q99) and Dicer1 play a coordinated role in siRNA-mediated gene silencing. eIF2C2 (Slicer, argonaute 2, AGO2, Q10) is a RISC component that can concentrate in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies) and catalyze mRNA cleavage. Mammalian P-bodies contain mRNAs and have an association with miRNA-induced translational silencing and siRNA-induced mRNA degradation. Additional eIF2C proteins include eIF2C3 (argonaute 3, AGO3), eIF2C4 (argonaute 4, AGO4) and meIF2c5 (mouse argonaute 5).

Supplier: Bioss

Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase implicated in the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways that control the differentiation and maintenance of normal epithelia, as well as tumor growth. Function seems to be context dependent and differ depending on cell type, as well as its intracellular localization. A number of potential nuclear and cytoplasmic substrates have been identified. These include the RNA-binding proteins: KHDRBS1/SAM68, KHDRBS2/SLM1, KHDRBS3/SLM2 and SFPQ/PSF; transcription factors: STAT3 and STAT5A/B and a variety of signaling molecules: ARHGAP35/p19RhoGAP, PXN/paxillin, BTK/ATK, STAP2/BKS. Associates also with a variety of proteins that are likely upstream of PTK6 in various signaling pathways, or for which PTK6 may play an adapter-like role. These proteins include ADAM15, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 and IRS4. In normal or non-tumorigenic tissues, PTK6 promotes cellular differentiation and apoptosis. In tumors PTK6 contributes to cancer progression by sensitizing cells to mitogenic signals and enhancing proliferation, anchorage-independent survival and migration/invasion. Association with EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 may contribute to mammary tumor development and growth through enhancement of EGF-induced signaling via BTK/AKT and PI3 kinase. Contributes to migration and proliferation by contributing to EGF-mediated phosphorylation of ARHGAP35/p19RhoGAP, which promotes association with RASA1/p12RasGAP, inactivating RhoA while activating RAS. EGF stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of PNX/Paxillin by PTK6 and activation of RAC1 via CRK/CrKII, thereby promoting migration and invasion. PTK6 activates STAT3 and STAT5B to promote proliferation. Nuclear PTK6 may be important for regulating growth in normal epithelia, while cytoplasmic PTK6 might activate oncogenic signaling pathways. Isoform 2 inhibits PTK6 phosphorylation and PTK6 association with other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins.

Supplier: Bioss

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.

Supplier: Bioss

CXorf36

Supplier: Bioss

FOXO4 is a forkhead transcription factor involved in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. It binds to insulin-response elements (IREs) and can activate transcription of IGFBP1. FOXO4 down-regulates expression of HIF1A and suppresses hypoxia-induced transcriptional activation of HIF1A-modulated genes. It is also involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle.

Supplier: Bioss

Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G-E-R in collagen. Integrins alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-3/beta-1, alpha-4/beta-1, alpha-5/beta-1, alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1, alpha-11/beta-1 and alpha-V/beta-1 are receptors for fibronectin. Alpha-4/beta-1 recognizes one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. Integrin alpha-5/beta-1 is a receptor for fibrinogen. Integrin alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-6/beta-1 and alpha-7/beta-1 are receptors for lamimin. Integrin alpha-4/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1. It recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha-9/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1, cytotactin and osteopontin. It recognizes the sequence A-E-I-D-G-I-E-L in cytotactin. Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 is a receptor for epiligrin, thrombospondin and CSPG4. Alpha-3/beta-1 may mediate with LGALS3 the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Integrin alpha-V/beta-1 is a receptor for vitronectin. Beta-1 integrins recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Isoform beta-1B interferes with isoform beta-1A resulting in a dominant negative effect on cell adhesion and migration (in vitro). In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

Supplier: Bioss

AASDH is an Acyl CoA synthetase. Acyl CoA synthases catalyze the initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism, by forming a thioester with CoA .

Supplier: Bioss

Produced by macrophages, IFN alpha have mainly antiviral activities.

Supplier: Bioss

Amisyn is a mostly cytosolic protein related to Tomosyn which plays an important role in SNARE complex assembly. Amisyn contains a v-SNARE coiled coil homology domain that binds to Syntaxin 1A and weakly to Syntaxin 4. Three isoforms exist for Amisyn. Isoform 1 is the full length protein, isoform 2 has a different amino acid sequence between residues 204-210 and isoform 3 is missing amino acids 1-102 and contains a different sequence for amino acids 103-150. Amisyn lacks a transmembrane domain and therefore is unable to assemble into a functional, membrane-anchored SNARE complex. This suggests that Amisyn may instead be acting to maintain SNARE conformation and facilitate the binding of VAMP-2. Amisyn can inhibit exocytosis independent of Syntaxin binding.

Supplier: Bioss

Ubiquitination is an important mechanism through which three classes of enzymes act in concert to target short-lived or abnormal proteins for destruction. The three classes of enzymes involved in ubiquitination are the ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and the ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). MARCH9 (membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 9), also known as RNF179, is a 346 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that localizes to the golgi apparatus and contains one RING-CH-type zinc finger. Expressed ubiquitously, MARCH9 exists as a homodimer and functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that accepts a ubiquitin residue from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and is thought to promote the degradation of target proteins, such as CD4 and MHC-I. Multiple isoforms of MARCH9 exist due to alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

FANCG, involved in Fanconi anemia, confers resistance to both hygromycin and mitomycin C. FANCG contains a 5-prime GC-rich untranslated region characteristic of housekeeping genes. The putative 622-amino acid protein has a leucine-zipper motif at its N-terminus. Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder with diverse clinical symptoms, including developmental anomalies, bone marrow failure, and early occurrence of malignancies. A minimum of 8 FA genes have been identified.

Supplier: Bioss

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 8% of all plasma zinc.

Supplier: Bioss

Synaptotagmins are a large family of synaptic vesicle type III integral membrane proteins that function as regulators of both exocytosis and endocytosis and are involved in neurotransmitter secretion from small secretory vesicles. Synaptotagmin XI, also known as SYT11 (Synaptotagmin-11), is a 431 amino acid protein that localizes to the membrane and is expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in brain and lung. Like other Synaptotagmin proteins, Synaptotagmin XI is involved in the calcium-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles and is thought to act as a calcium sensor during vesicular trafficking. Synaptotagmin XI contains two C2 domains through which it can bind either three calcium ions or the zinc-finger protein Parkin (a juvenile Parkinson’s disease gene product), the latter of which causes the polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Synaptotagmin XI by the proteasome complex. Defects in the gene encoding Synaptotagmin XI are implicated in a number of neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease.

Supplier: Bioss

Direct ligand for ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. Concomitantly recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors. The multiple isoforms perform diverse functions such as inducing growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial, neuronal, and skeletal muscle cells; inducing expression of acetylcholine receptor in synaptic vesicles during the formation of the neuromuscular junction; stimulating lobuloalveolar budding and milk production in the mammary gland and inducing differentiation of mammary tumor cells; stimulating Schwann cell proliferation; implication in the development of the myocardium such as trabeculation of the developing heart. Isoform 10 may play a role in motor and sensory neuron development.

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter, efficiently transporting many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and biogenic amines including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. May play a role in regulating central nervous system homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. May be involved in luminal transport of organic cations in the kidney and seems to use luminal proton gradient to drive organic cation reabsorption. Does not seem to transport nucleoside and nucleoside analogs such as uridine, cytidine, thymidine, adenosine, inosine, guanosine, and azidothymidine. In (PubMed:16873718) adenosine is efficiently transported but in a fashion highly sensitive to extracellular pH, with maximal activity in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. Glu-206 is essential for the cation selectivity and may function as the charge sensor for cationic substrates. Transport is chloride and sodium-independent but appears to be sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Weakly inhibited by the classical inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, dipyridamole, dilazep, and nitrobenzylthioinosine. May play a role in the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations in cardiac tissues, in particular during ischemia.

Supplier: Bioss

Representing about 2% of human DNA, chromosome 20 consists of approximately 63 million bases and 600 genes. Chromosome 20 contains a region with numerous genes expressed in the epididymis, which are thought important for seminal production, and some viewed as potential targets for male contraception. The PRNP gene encoding the prion protein associated with spongiform encephalopathies, like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is found on chromosome 20. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, ring chromosome 20 epilepsy syndrome and Alagille syndrome are also associated with chromosome 20. The C20orf117 gene product has been provisionally designated C20orf117 pending further characterization.

Supplier: Bioss

The cerebral and vascular plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease are mainly composed of Amyloid beta peptides. beta Amyloid is derived from cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. beta Amyloid [1-40], beta Amyloid [1-42], and beta Amyloid [1-43] peptides result from cleavage of Amyloid precursor protein after residues 40, 42, and 43, respectively. The cleavage takes place by gamma-secretase during the last Amyloid precursor protein processing step. beta Amyloid [1-40], beta Amyloid [1-42], and beta Amyloid [1-43] peptides are major constituents of the plaques and tangles that occur in Alzheimer's disease. beta Amyloid and peptides have been developed as tools for elucidating the biology of Alzheimer's disease.

Supplier: Bioss

PCDHGB5 is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes.

Supplier: Bioss

Carboxypeptidase A2 (CPA2) is one of three different isoforms of human pancreatic carboxypeptidase A. Carboxypeptidase A2 acts on aromatic C-terminal residues.

Supplier: Bioss

Prostaglandin inactivation. Contributes to the regulation of events that are under the control of prostaglandin levels. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent dehydrogenation of lipoxin A4 to form 15-oxo-lipoxin A4. Inhibits in vivo proliferation of colon cancer cells.