Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Caspase 14 (CASP14) is an enzyme that belongs to the peptidase C14A family. The Caspase 14 protein is complexed of unprocessed caspase-14 and processed 19 kDa (p19) and 10 kDa (p10) subunits. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes, which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerise to form the active enzyme. CASP14 has been shown to be processed and activated by Caspase 8 and Caspase 10 in vitro, and by anti-Fas agonist antibody or TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand in vivo. The expression and processing of this caspase may be involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation, which is important for the formation of the skin barrier. It is believed to be a non-apoptotic caspase which is involved in epidermal differentiation, keratinocyte differentiation and cornification. CASP14 probably regulates maturation of the epidermis by proteolytically processing filaggrin.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a member of the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. During DNA replication, FEN1 cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure and processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments for synthesis. FEN1 also exhibits RNase H activity by possessing 5'-3' exonuclease activity on gapped double-stranded or nicked DNA, FEN1 is involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, it can cleave within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. FEN1 can prevent flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. FEN1 is also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Carbonic Anhydrase 14 (CA14) belongs to the Alpha-Carbonic Anhydrase family. It is highly expressed in all parts of the central nervous system and lowly expressed in adult liver, heart, small intestine, colon, kidney, urinary bladder, and skeletal muscle. CA14 along with other Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. CA14 is predicted to be a type I membrane protein and catalyses the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Sialic Acid Synthase (NANS) is an enzyme that contains one AFP-like domain. NANS is ubiquitous and plays a role in the biosynthetic pathways of sialic acids. NANS produces N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN). It also can use N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of Neu5Ac and KDN, respectively.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Bisphosphoglycerate Mutase (BPGM) is a member of the Phosphoglycerate Mutase family and BPG-Dependent PGAM subfamily. BPGM is a multifunctional enzyme. BPGM catalyses 2,3-DPG synthesis via its synthetase activity, and 2,3-DPG degradation via its phosphatase activity. It also has phosphoglycerate phosphomutase activity. BPGM plays a major role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity by controlling the levels of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). Deficiency of BPGM increases the affinity of cells for oxygen and result in hemolytic anemia.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Tryptophan synthase is an enzyme that catalyses the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. It is commonly found in Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae, but is absent from animals such as humans. Tryptophan synthase typically exists as an alpha- beta beta - alpha complex.The alpha subunit is responsible for the aldol cleavage of indoleglycerol phosphate to indole and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: L-serine + 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H₂O.The beta subunits catalyse the irreversible condensation of indole and serine to form tryptophan in a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent reaction. Their assembly into a complex leads to structural changes in both subunits resulting in reciprocal activation.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Tryptophan synthase is an enzyme that catalyses the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. It is commonly found in Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae, but is absent from animals such as humans. Tryptophan synthase typically exists as an alpha- beta beta - alpha complex.The alpha subunit is responsible for the aldol cleavage of indoleglycerol phosphate to indole and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: L-serine + 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H₂O.The beta subunits catalyse the irreversible condensation of indole and serine to form tryptophan in a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent reaction. Their assembly into a complex leads to structural changes in both subunits resulting in reciprocal activation.

Supplier: Corning

0,05% Trypsin/0,53 mM EDTA in HBSS (Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution) with sodium bicarbonate, without calcium and magnesium.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 (TGM2) is a 78-kDa, calcium dependent enzyme,It belongs to the transglutaminase superfamily and transglutaminase family. The protein encoded by this TGM2 gene acts as a monomer, is induced by retinoic acid, and appears to be involved in apoptosis. TGM2 is the autoantigen implicated in celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

Neuraminidase

Supplier: Merck Millipore (Novagen)

Benzonase® nuclease degrades all forms of DNA and RNA while having no proteolytic activity. Benzonase® is compatible with BugBuster® and PopCulture® protein extraction reagents and therefore can be added to these reagents to eliminate viscosity and remove nucleic acids from E. coli extracts.

Supplier: Corning

Dispase is a bacillus-derived neutral metalloprotease that is recommended for recovering cell cultured on Corning® Matrigel® Basement Membrane Matrix. Dispase will yield a single cell suspension far more gently and effectively than trypsin, collagenase, or other proteolytic enzymes; it will not harm cells harvested for sub cultivation or bioassays. In addition, Dispase may be used for tissue dissociation. Dispase cleaves fibronectin, collagen IV, and to a lesser extent collagen I, but is does not cleave collagen V or laminin.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Acyl-Protein Thioesterase 2 is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the AB Hydrolase 2 family. LYPLA2 is a lysophospholipase and hydrolyses fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins such as trimeric G alpha proteins or HRAS. LYPLA2 has hydrolase activity that converts Palmitoyl-protein to palmitate and protein. LYPLA2 regulates the multifunctional lysophospholipids by acting on biological membranes. LYPLA2 participates in Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, fatty acid metabolic process and lipid metabolic process.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Ubiquinone Biosynthesis Protein COQ7 Homolog (COQ7) is a mitochondrion inner membrane and peripheral membrane protein which belongs to the COQ7 family. It is expressed dominantly in heart and skeletal muscle. COQ7 is synthesised as a preprotein that is imported into the mitochondrial matrix, where the sequence is cleaved off and the mature protein becomes loosely associated with the inner membrane. COQ7 is involved in lifespan determination in ubiquinone-independent manner and also involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. COQ7 is potential central metabolic regulator. Human COQ7 protein contains 179 amino acids, is mostly helical, and contains an alpha-helical membrane insertion. It has been shown that mutations in the gene are associated with increased life span. Defects of the gene slow down a variety of developmental and physiological processes, including the cell cycle, embryogenesis, post-embryonic growth, rhythmic behaviors and aging.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Carboxypeptidase A2 (CPA) is a secreted pancreatic procarboxy-peptidase that cleaves the C-terminal amide or ester bond of peptides that have a free C-terminal carboxyl group. The hydrolytic action of CPA2 was identified with a preference towards long substrates with aromatic amino acids in their C-terminal end, particularly tryptophan. CPA2 comprises a signal peptide, a pro region and a mature chain, and can be activated after cleavage of the pro peptide. Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated, and the A1 and A2 forms are always secreted as monomeric proteins with different biochemical properties. In contrast to procarboxypeptidase B which was always secreted by the pancreas as a monomer, procarboxypeptidase A occurs as a monomer and/or associated to one or two functionally different proteins, such as zymogen E, and is involved in zymogen inhibition.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Human Biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) is belonged to the Gfo/Idh/MocA family and Biliverdin reductase subfamily. BLVRA is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BLVRA gene. BLVRA plays an important role in reducing the gamma-methene bridge of the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IX alpha, to bilirubin with the concomitant oxidation of a NADH or NADPH cofactor. BLVRA acts on biliverdin by reducing its double-bond between the pyrrole rings into a single-bond. It accomplishes this using NADPH + H+ as an electron donor, forming bilirubin and NADP+ as products.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate Isomerase 2 (IDI2) belongs to the IPP isomerase type 1 family. Both isozymes, IDI1 and IDI2 are localised to the peroxisome by a PTS1-dependent pathway. IDI2 is expressed in skeletal muscle, which contains one nudix hydrolase domain. IDI2 binds one magnesium per subunit. IDI2 catalyses the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its highly electrophilic allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). It is reported that IDI2 is regulated independently from IDI1, by a mechanism that may involve PPAR- alpha.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

PEPD belongs to the peptidase M24B family of Eukaryotic-type prolidase subfamily. PEPD is a cytosolic dipeptidase that hydrolyses dipeptides with proline or hydroxyproline at the carboxy terminus. It is important in collagen metabolism because of the high levels of imino acids. Defects in PEPD are a cause of prolidase deficiency which is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with iminodipeptiduria.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) is an enzyme which belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. ODC1 is the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway which catalyses ornithine to putrescine. The activity level for the enzyme varies in response to growth-promoting stimuli and exhibits a high turnover rate in comparison to other mammalian proteins.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

AKR1C3, is an enzyme which belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. It is expressed in many tissues including adrenal gland, brain, kidney, liver, lung, mammary gland, placenta, small intestine, colon, spleen, prostate and testis. AKR1C3 catalyses the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. It catalyses the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2,which functions as a bi-directional 3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. It can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate inactive metabolites.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Aspartoacylase 3, also known as ACY3, N-acyl-aromatic-L-amino acid amidohydrolase (carboxylate-forming), Acylase III, Aminoacylase-3, Aspartoacylase-2, Aspartoacylase-2, HCV core-binding protein 1 and ASPA2, is a member of the Aspartoacylase subfamily. ACY3 plays an important role in deacetylating mercapturic acids in kidney proximal tubules and acts on N-acetyl-aromatic amino acids.ACY3 is located in the cytoplasm of S2 and S3 proximal tubules and the apical domain of S1 proximal tubules. ACY3 protein is also expressed at low levels in stomach, testis, heart, brain, lung and liver, and may function as an HCV (Hepatitis C virus) core binding protein.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Carbonic Anhydrase 13 (CA13) belongs to the carbonic anhydrase family which can catalyses the reversible hydration recation of carbon dioxide. Carbonic anhydrases participate in many biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. CA13 is a cytosolic enzyme and is widely expressed in human, such as thymus, small intestine, spleen, prostate, ovary, colon and testis, indicating that it may play a key role in several organs. CA13 is inhibited by acetazolamide.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase 1 (FBPase 1) is a member of the FBPase class 1 family. FBPase 1 is a gluconeogenesis regulatory protein, which catalyses the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. FBPase 1 can assume an active R-state, or an inactive T-state. FBPase 1 deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder mainly in the liver and causes life-threatening episodes of hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis in newborn infants or young children. FBPase 1 coupled with phosphofructokinase (PFK) is involved in the metabolism of pancreatic islet cells.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Pyruvate Kinase Isozymes R/L (PKLR) belongs to the pyruvate kinase family, There are 4 isozymes of pyruvate kinase in mammals: L, R, M1 and M2. L type is major isozyme in the liver; R is found in red cells; M1 is the main form in muscle, heart and brain; M2 is found in early fetal tissues. PKLR exists as a homotetramer and catalyses the production of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate and ATP. Defects in PKLR are also the cause of pyruvate kinase deficiency of red cells, which is a frequent cause of hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1 (CAMK1) belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and CaMK subfamily. CAMK1 contains one protein kinase domain and widely expressed. CAMK1 is phosphorylated by CaMKK1 and CaMKK2 on Thr-177. CAMK1 regulates transcription activators activity, cell cycle, hormone production, cell differentiation, actin filament organisation, and neurite outgrowth. CAMK1 plays a role in K+ and ANG2-mediated regulation of the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) to produce aldosterone in the adrenal cortex.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 3(DPP3), is a member of the S9B family in clan SC of the serine proteases. DPP3 has post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. This cytoplasmic protein binds a single zinc ion with its zinc-binding motif (HELLGH). It releases an N-terminal dipeptide from a peptide comprising four or more residues, with broad specificity and also acts on dipeptidyl 2-naphthylamides.Increased activity of this protein has a relationship with endometrial and ovarian cancers.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Trans-2-Enoyl-CoA Reductase Mitochondrial (MECR) belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. MECR localises to the mitochondrion. It is highly expressed in skeletal and heart muscle and expressed at lower levels in the placenta, liver, kidney and pancreas, with weakly or no expression in the lung. MECR exists as a homodimer, which catalyses the reduction of trans-2-enoyl-CoA to acyl-CoA with chain length from C6 to C16 in an NADPH-dependent manner with preference to medium chain length substrate. MECR may take part in the mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

CAMK1D is a serine/threonine kinase that is a member of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase family. It contains a protein kinase domain. CAMK1D expressed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and may be part of the chemokine signal transduction pathway that regulates granulocyte function. It may also be involved in modulation of neuronal apoptosis. It activates CREB-dependent gene transcription, regulates calcium-mediated granulocyte function and respiratory burst and promotes basal dendritic growth of hippocampal neurons.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Phosphomannomutase 1 (PMM1) blongs to the eukaryotic PMM family. Phosphomannomutase 1 can catalyses the conversion between D-mannose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 1-phosphate which is a substrate for GDP-mannose synthesis. GDP-mannose is used for synthesis of dolichol-phosphate-mannose which required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions. PMM1 is highly expressed in liver, heart, brain, and pancreas, but lower expression in skeletal muscle. In addition, PMM1 may be responsible for the degradation of glucose-1,6 bisphosphate in ischemic brain.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Recombinant Human Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9/PCSK9 (D374Y) is a gain of function mutant of human PCSK9 protein. Human PCSK9 is a secretory subtilase belonging to the proteinase K subfamily. PCSK9 is synthesised as a soluble zymogen that undergoes autocatalytic intramolecular processing in the ER, the pro domain and mature chain are secreted together through noncovalent interactions. PCSK9 binds with low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and it plays a major regulatory role in cholesterol homeostasis. Inhibition of PCSK9 function by preventing PCSK9/LDLR interaction is currently being explored as a means of lowering cholesterol levels. PCSK9 also binds to apolipoprotein receptor 2 (ApoER2), and play a role in the neural development.