Description: The GD2.F4 antibody reacts with human Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1). TLR1 is expressed in low numbers on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes and even lower numbers on dendritic cells. A very high degree of donor variability has been reported for TLR1 expression. eBioscience manufactured GD2.F4 mAb has been tested by flow cytometry, in parallel with a sample from the developer using cells from healthy donors. eBioscience and the reference antibody gave similar results: donors tested confirmed low levels expression of TLR1 on PBMC (less than 1/4 log shift). While the ligand and exact function of TLR1 are not defined yet, it has been suggested that TLR1 may cooperate with TLR2 in response to certain antagonists. Despite low levels of surface expression as detected by flow cytometric analysis, TLRs are efficient signal transducing molecules in monocytes and dendritic cells. To date, at least ten members of the Toll family have been identified in human. This family of type I transmembrane proteins is characterized by an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain with homology to the type I IL-1 receptor. Two of these receptors, TLR2 and TLR4, are pattern recognition receptors and signaling molecules in response to bacterial lipoproteins and have been implicated in innate immunity and inflammation. Applications Reported: The GD2.F4 antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis. To date, inhibition of function has not been reported. Applications Tested: The GD2.F4 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. This can be used at less than or equal to 1 µg per test. A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. Cell number should be determined empirically but can range from 10^5 to 10^8 cells/test. It is recommended that the antibody be carefully titrated for optimal performance in the assay of interest. Endotoxin: Less than 0.001 ng/ug antibody as determined by the LAL assay. Storage and handling: Use in a sterile environment. The TLR1 protein is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression.

Flow Cytometry: 1 µg/test

Type: Primary
Antigen: TLR1
Clonality: Monoclonal
Clone: GD2.F4
Conjugation: Functional Grade
Epitope:
Host: Mouse
Isotype: IgG1, kappa
Reactivity: Human