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INCA1 peptide is used for blocking the activity of INCA1 antibody.

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EBI3 peptide is used for blocking the activity of EBI3 antibody.

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IF-3 binds to the 28S ribosomal subunit and shifts the equilibrum between 55S ribosomes and their 39S and 28S subunits in favor of the free subunits, thus enhancing the availability of 28S subunits on which protein synthesis initiation begins.

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The exact function of PXT1 remains unknown.

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Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) is a 48-kD nuclear protein that is expressed in pre-B and T cells. It binds to a functionally important site in the T-cell receptor-alpha enhancer and confers maximal enhancer activity. LEF1 belongs to a family of regulatory proteins that share homology with high mobility group protein-1.

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NSUN3 belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family. It may have S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl-transferase activity.

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METTL7B belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. It is a probable methyltransferase.

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PNPO catalyzes the terminal, rate-limiting step in the synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, also known as vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is a required co-factor for enzymes involved in both homocysteine metabolism and synthesis of neurotransmitters such as catecholamine.Vitamin B6, or pyridoxal 5-prime-phosphate (PLP), is critical for normal cellular function, and some cancer cells have notable differences in vitamin B6 metabolism compared to their normal counterparts. The rate-limiting enzyme in vitamin B6 synthesis is pyridoxine-5-prime-phosphate (PNP) oxidase (PNPO; EC 1.4.3.5).

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Calreticulins, such as CALR3, are Ca (2+)-binding chaperones localized mainly in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum.Calreticulins, such as CALR3, are Ca (2+)-binding chaperones localized mainly in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Persson et al. (2002) [PubMed 12384296].

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The homeodomain transcription factor EMX2 is critical for central nervous system and urogenital development. EMX1 along with EMX2 is related to the 'empty spiracles' gene expressed in the developing Drosophila head.

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Involved in stress resistance and actin organization.

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PLC-gamma is a major substrate for heparin-binding growth factor 1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor)-activated tyrosine kinase.

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The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear transcription factor which binds DNA as a homodimer. The encoded protein controls the expression of several genes, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha, a transcription factor which regulates the expression of several hepatic genes. This gene may play a role in development of the liver, kidney, and intestines. Mutations in this gene have been associated with monogenic autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.

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General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase. /General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. /IGF-1 leads to the activation of AKT3, which may play a role in regulating cell survival. Capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Truncated isoform 2/PKB gamma 1 without the second serine phosphorylation site could still be stimulated but to a lesser extent.

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JAZF1 is a nuclear protein with three C2H2-type zinc fingers, and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with endometrial stromal tumors.This gene encodes a nuclear protein with three C2H2-type zinc fingers, and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with endometrial stromal tumors. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized.

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Jagged-2 is a putative Notch ligand involved in the mediation of Notch signalling, that can induce stromal cells to secrete IL-6, VEGF and IGF-1. Notch activation can interact with NF-kappaB and C-myc to promote the proliferation and to inhibit the apoptosis of MM cells, showing in the relationship between the incidence of myeloma and drug resistance. Jagged-2 is also involved in limb development.

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Calreticulin is involved in regulation of intracellular Ca²⁺ homoeostasis and ER Ca²⁺ capacity. It constitutes together with calnexin and ERp57 the ‘calreticulin/calnexin cycle’ that is responsible for folding and quality control of newly synthesised glycoproteins. Calreticulin has been implicated to play a role in many biological systems, including functions inside and outside the ER, indicating that the protein is a multi-process molecule. Recently, Calreticulin was shown to enhance the merger of macrophages and tumour cells, increasing phagocytosis.

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LRRC28 contains 11 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats. The function of the LRRC28 protein is not known.

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WDR34 is a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation.This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation.

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The function of the C1orf111 protein remains unknown.

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Microsomal long and very long chain fatty acid elongation uses malonyl-CoA as the 2-carbon donor and consists of 4 sequential reactions. GPSN2 catalyzes the final step, reducing trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA to saturated acyl-CoA. Microsomal long and very long chain fatty acid elongation uses malonyl-CoA as the 2-carbon donor and consists of 4 sequential reactions. TER catalyzes the final step, reducing trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA to saturated acyl-CoA (Moon and Horton, 2003 [PubMed 12482854]).

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SULT1C4 catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of many drugs, xenobiotic compounds, hormones, and neurotransmitters. It may be involved in the activation of carcinogenic hyroxylamines. SULT1C4 shows activity towards p-nitrophenol and N-hydroxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene (N-OH-2AAF).Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the SULT1 subfamily, responsible for transferring a sulfo moiety from PAPS to phenol-containing compounds.

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Mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA undergoes site-specific C to U deamination, which is mediated by a multi-component enzyme complex containing a minimal core composed of APOBEC-1 and a complementation factor encoded by this gene. A1CF has three non-identical RNA recognition motifs and belongs to the hnRNP R family of RNA-binding proteins. It has been proposed that this complementation factor functions as an RNA-binding subunit and docks APOBEC-1 to deaminate the upstream cytidine. Studies suggest that the protein may also be involved in other RNA editing or RNA processing events. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three full-length transcript variants, encoding three distinct isoforms, have been described. Additional splicing has been observed but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.Mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA undergoes site-specific C to U deamination, which is mediated by a multi-component enzyme complex containing a minimal core composed of APOBEC-1 and a complementation factor encoded by this gene. The gene product has three non-identical RNA recognition motifs and belongs to the hnRNP R family of RNA-binding proteins. It has been proposed that this complementation factor functions as an RNA-binding subunit and docks APOBEC-1 to deaminate the upstream cytidine. Studies suggest that the protein may also be involved in other RNA editing or RNA processing events. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three full-length transcript variants, encoding three distinct isoforms, have been described. Additional splicing has been observed but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.

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MFAP4 is a protein with similarity to a bovine microfibril-associated protein. The protein has binding specificities for both collagen and carbohydrate. It is thought to be an extracellular matrix protein which is involved in cell adhesion or intercellular interactions. The gene encoding MFAP4 is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region.This gene encodes a protein with similarity to a bovine microfibril-associated protein. The protein has binding specificities for both collagen and carbohydrate. It is thought to be an extracellular matrix protein which is involved in cell adhesion or intercellular interactions. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region.

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The dopamine transporter (DAT) is responsible for the reaccumulation of dopamine after it has been released. DAT antibodies and antibodies for other markers of catecholamine biosynthesis are widely used as markers for dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in a variety of applications including depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease and drug abuse (Kish et al., 2001; Zhu et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 1999). Levels of DAT protein expression are altered by chronic drug administration (Wilson et al., 1996).

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BLK ( B lymphoid tyrosine kinase), with 505-amino acid protein (about 56 kDa), belongs to the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinases family.Different subcellular localizations of Src-family kinases may be important for the regulation of specific cellular processes such as mitogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane trafficking.Blk is expressed exclusively by B lymphocytes and it is thought to function in a signal transductory pathway specific to this lineage. B lymphoid expression of an active Blk mutant caused proliferation of B progenitor cells and enhanced responsiveness of these cells to interleukin 7. Thus, sustained activation of Blk induces responses normally associated with the pre-BCR.

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Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the catecholamines Dopamine and Norepinephrine. TH antibodies can therefore be used as markers for dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons.

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Coronin 6, a newly identified member of the coronin family, is highly enriched at adult NMJs and regulates AChR clustering via modulating the interaction between receptors and the actin cytoskeletal network. Coronins are a family of conserved actin-binding proteins originally identified in the actin-rich structure of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum . To date, seven members of coronins have been identified in mammals, and most exhibit tissue-specific distribution patterns. Coronin 6 is prominently expressed in adult muscle and enriched at the NMJ. Studies with cultured myotubes reveal that Coronin 6 regulates both agrin- and laminin-induced AChR clustering and is important for anchoring AChRs onto the actin cytoskeleton. Also, both the C-terminal region and a conserved Arg29 residue at the N terminus of Coronin 6 are essential for its actin-binding activity and stabilisation of AChR–cytoskeleton linkage. Importantly, in vivo knockdown of Coronin 6 in mouse skeletal muscle fibers leads to destabilisation of AChR clusters, which demonstrates that Coronin 6 is a critical regulator of AChR clustering at the postsynaptic region of the NMJs through modulating the receptor-anchored actin cytoskeleton. The human Coronin 6 has five isoforms produced by alternative splicing, and tissue-specific expression of these isoforms are unclear.

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Microtubules are 25nm diameter protein rods found in most kinds of eukaryotic cells. They are polymerized from a dimeric subunit made of one a subunit and one b tubulin subunit. Microtubules are associated with a family of proteins called microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), which includes the protein τ and a group of proteins referred to as MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4 and MAP5 (Kindler & Gardner 1994). MAP2 is made up of two ~280 kDa apparent molecular weight bands referred to as MAP2a and MAP2b. A third lower molecular weight form, usually called MAP2c, corresponds to a pair of protein bands running at ~70 kDa on SDS-PAGE gels. All these MAP2 forms are derived from a single gene by alternate transcription, and all share a C-terminal sequence which includes either three or four microtubule binding peptide sequences, which are very similar to those found in the related microtubule binding protein τ. MAP2 isoforms are expressed only in neuronal cells and specifically in the perikarya and dendrites of these cells. MAP2 has been recently shown to be the specific receptor for the neurosteroid pregnenolone (Fontaine-Lenore V. et al., 2006).

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The exact function of LOC285033 remains unknown.