61 Risultati per: "Ed_FR_00007"

Supplier: EDVOTEK

The DNA from bacteriophage Lambda is a well-characterised linear molecule containing six recognition sites for Eco RI (5 distinct sites; 2 are very close in size). In this experiment, Lambda DNA is digested by the Eco RI endonuclease. The digestion products are analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Supplier: EDVOTEK

Most molecules have a net charge within a pH range of 2 to 10. When the pH is altered, the net charge on molecules can change drastically. In this experiment, a mixture of 2 chemicals is absorbed onto a solid support ion-exchange column and separated during elution under conditions that influence their net charge.

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According to the World Health Organisation, between 2 and 3 million cases of skin cancer occur globally every year. Many of these cases are caused by preventable damage to DNA by UV light. In this experiment, students expose plasmid DNA to shortwave UV light to simulate the effect of sunbathing. The DNA is then analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis to observe the damage.

Supplier: EDVOTEK

Basic concepts of DNA fingerprinting are featured in this Ready-to-Load™ kit by comparing crime scene DNA with suspect DNAs. Fingerprint patterns are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the students determine who may have commited the crime.

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The mitochondria are thought to have evolved from a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are only inherited via the maternal line. In this experiment, students amplify two regions of their mitochondrial DNA.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Following restriction enzyme digestion of DNA molecules, researchers need to rejoin the ends of the DNA to generate recombinant DNA, a process known as ligation. Ligation of DNA is achieved with the bacterial enzyme T4 DNA ligase, which catalyses the formation of phosphodiester bonds. The DNA Ligation kit teaches students about ligation as they ligate several DNA fragments together to make larger pieces of DNA that are easily identified by agarose electrophoresis.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

The Size Exclusion Chromatography kit teaches gel filtration or size exclusion chromatography and the use of this method in purification of biological samples. This method is based on separation of protein molecules based on their molecular size. This lab activity involves running size exclusion chromatography for separation of molecules based on their molecular sizes.

Supplier: EDVOTEK

Suppressor genes, such as p53, are essential for cell functions. Mutations in the p53 gene can be correlated to predisposition for certain cancers. Mutations of genes can either be inherited or accumulated due to environmental insults. This experiment deals with a family pedigree determination of several generations relating to cancer formation due to p53 gene mutation.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

The Hydrophobic Chromatography kit is designed to teach students the basic principle of hydrophobic chromatography utilising a hydrophobic enzyme. The use of the enzyme allows purification followed by a simple enzyme assay to detect the fractions that contain the enzyme. This lab activity involves preparation of a crude protein extract and running hydrophobic chromatography to isolate the enzyme.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

This lab activity is designed to demonstrate the different classes of protein molecules and their classification based on solubility. Students learn fractionation of soluble, insoluble membrane proteins, and cytoskeleton proteins from a tissue sample. The insoluble protein fraction is further fractionated into hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane proteins. Cell membrane structure and the role of hydrophobic membrane proteins are considered. This lab activity also provides an opportunity to understand characteristics of various classes of detergents and the role of detergents in solubilisation of hydrophobic membrane proteins.

Supplier: EDVOTEK

In this PCR experiment, students make billions of copies of a small amount of DNA in only 90 minutes. They just need to mix template DNA and primers with PCR beads that contain all of the other components required to carry out a PCR reaction. Students see the increasing amounts of DNA for themselves, taking samples every few cycles and analysing them on a DNA gel.

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An infectious outbreak requires prompt and accurate identification of the biological agent. Often, early clinical symptoms are first identified in exposed individuals and then infectious agents are identified by lab tests. In this experiment, students transmit a simulated infectious agent (chemical dye) between classmates which is only visible under long UV light. The pattern of transmission and primary source is documented.

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This experiment introduces a simple method to determine protein subunit molecular weights using horizontal electrophoresis. As the protein standards and 'unknowns' are prestained, the separation of proteins can be observed during electrophoresis. Included in the experiment is protein-grade agarose, which provides an alternative to the use of polyacrylamide gels.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

In this lab activity, students learn to perform simple protein isolation procedures to isolate the protein fingerprint from various fresh tissues. They will compare the protein fingerprints of 4 different tissues to understand that the function of a particular organ is due to the proteins that are localised to the specific organ. Also included in this kit are four dried protein samples (from mouse liver, brain, heart and lungs) to compare as a control, if fresh tissues cannot be obtained.

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Southern blotting is an important technique used widely in clinical genetics and research. By transferring DNA from an agarose gel onto a membrane the method allows the precise analysis and identification of DNA bands on a gel. Using this kit, students use Southern blotting to find a point mutation in the haemoglobin gene indicating Sickle Cell Anaemia.

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An HIV test detects HIV infection indirectly using an ELISA test against HIV antibodies in the blood. The test works by taking antibodies from the patient's blood and adding them to a microtitre plate coated with HIV antigen. If HIV antibodies are present, they will bind to the antigens on the plate. In this experiment, students perform an ELISA text by coating microtitre plate wells with simulated HIV antigen and then test simulated donor serum for anti-HIV antibodies.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

The final goal in molecular biology is often the expression of a recombinant protein. The transformed plasmids can be used as templates by the bacteria to produce protein. Students learn about essential promoters and other elements necessary for successful protein expression in bacteria, including the differences between inducible and constitutive (unregulated) expression.The Expression of a Recombinant Protein kit allows students to express a protein either constitutively or under the control of an inducible promoter, which is activated with IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside).

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In this experiment, students study the diversity of fish using pre-stained, lyophilised proteins. Total protein from perch, walleye and salmon is extracted and pre-stained using an indicator dye. Each fish protein sample has a characteristic banding pattern when separated by denaturing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which can be used to identify the specific species.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

A hands on lab activity to study immunoaffinity chromatography and use a specific antibody to purify antigenic proteins from complex samples. This technique involves performing a chromatography procedure using antigen or antibody immobilised on a chromatographic resin. The solution containing antigen or antibody is passed through the column, which specifically and efficiently captures antibodies (antigen). The captured molecules are eluted from the column as a pure fraction. In this lab activity, students perform immunoaffinity chromatography and learn how this method is utilised in research laboratories.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

In this lab activity, students learn to perform carefully controlled experiments to generate protein fragments using a proteolysis enzyme and then analyse the protein fragments by electrophoresis. By analysis of protein fragmentation patterns, i.e. protein fingerprints, students learn about protein sequence, structure, and their conservation. Students resolve a set of three functionally identical protein samples selected from throughout the animal kingdom; including human, bovine and sheep. After generating fingerprints by electrophoresis, students examine the protein fingerprint of each sample to determine the degree of conservation.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Bacterial conjugation is a naturally occurring process that allows the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another, which allows the transfer of genetic traits, particularly drug resistance. The kit contains two bacteria with different drug resistance genes and all the tools for students to study bacterial conjugation. This kit teaches the difference between bacterial genomic DNA and the transferable plasmid DNA and the mechanisms of bacterial conjugation. Students will also learn important basic microbiological techniques, including bacterial growth in liquid broth and on solid agar plates, antibiotic selection of bacteria and important aseptic techniques.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Ion exchange chromatography is used to separate charged molecules from complex biological samples. The charged molecules bind to a solid support carrying an opposite charge to the molecule. Proteins contain regions of charged groups on the surface which interact with the ion exchange groups immobilised on the solid support (resin column). Immobilised proteins are eluted by changing either pH or the salt gradient or a combination of both. This lab activity involves preparation of a crude protein extract and running ion exchange chromatography for isolation of proteins.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Dialysis is a routinely used technique in research laboratories to 'change' the solution a biomolecule is dissolved in. Often the buffers used to isolate biomolecules, such as proteins, are not compatible with downstream applications due to high concentrations of reagents, such as salts. A sample is placed in a bag with a semi-permeable membrane and then placed in the new solution or water. Small molecules, such as salt, can pass through the membrane, moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration. The larger molecules, such as proteins, are retained in the bag. Microdialysis is a modification of dialysis to overcome the problem of dialysing small volumes of precious samples. Microdialysis uses small devices designed for small volumes. This kit allows students to study dialysis using patented microdialysis devices.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

A major challenge for molecular biologists and genetic engineers is to easily detect and analyze genetic mutations that occur naturally, causing diseases, or during genetic engineering or cloning, whether deliberate or accidental. Students learn about different types of genetic mutations, including substitutions, deletions and point mutations and about various techniques used to detect genetic mutations. The kit contains all the reagents to screen simulated clinical samples for a mutant gene, using both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction digestion mapping. Students conduct a simple clinical diagnostic experiment in order to identify a diseased patient.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

The Gram staining method was first described in 1844 by the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, after whom the test was named. The Gram staining test for bacteria is one of the most important tests in microbiology and is often one of the first tests performed in the identification of bacteria. The Gram staining method utilises the properties of bacterial cell walls and the stain crystal violet. Gram-positive microorganisms have a higher peptidoglycan and lower lipid content than Gram-negative bacteria in their cell walls and this makes them capable of retaining the Gram stain. This kit is supplied with two strains of bacteria and all the necessary components to carry out the Gram staining.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Antibiotics play a crucial role in the manipulation, screening and killing of bacteria in a range of biotechnology processes. This kit specifically teaches the basic principles of antibiotics, bacterial resistance and susceptibility. Students learn and understand the use of antibiotic resistance in screening for infectious diseases. Utilising a bacterial strain, students learn the effects of different antibiotics and visualise bacterial sensitivity and resistance to the supplied antibiotics. This method involves the use of filter paper discs impregnated with a specified concentration of antibiotics on the surface of an agar plate containing microbial cells. This kit will enable students to analyse the inhibitory effects of different antibiotics on selected bacterial cells and then determine which antibiotic is the most suitable to treat a bacterial infection.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

This lab activity has two objectives - to deepen the understanding of protein molecules and for students to learn the potential of electrophoresis in protein analysis. Students study the fundamentals of protein structure from their primary structure to the more complex tertiary and quaternary structures, utilising protein electrophoresis. Complex mixtures of protein samples and characterised pure protein samples, in conjunction with electrophoresis, are utilised to study protein structure and the potential of protein electrophoresis. Using non-denaturing and denaturing electrophoresis, students understand the difference between primary, tertiary and quaternary structures, the importance of disulfhydryl bridges in maintaining protein structure and electrophoresis in studying complete proteins and protein subunits.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Using the Protein Electrophoresis kit, students will learn the principles of various types of electrophoresis, including denaturing and non-denaturing electrophoresis, and how this powerful technique is used to analyse proteins. The kit will introduce students to the different separation matrices currently in use and will understand their differing separation properties and their role in protein analysis. Students have an option of casting their own electrophoresis gels using polyacrylamide or using pre-cast commercially available gels. This kit is provided with all of the reagents, buffers and supplies needed for casting acrylamide gels, preparing protein samples, running electrophoresis, and staining the gels for visualisation of protein bands. Test protein samples and protein standards are also provided.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Biodiversity lab activity is designed for determination of protein contents and biomass in diverse biological samples to study how biomass is related to biodiversity in nature. Students collect and catalogue plant leaf samples from a diverse group of locally available plants. This lab activity involves determination of natural weight of each plant sample, grinding a predetermined amount of each sample, and the subsequent extraction of proteins from the samples. Students then learn to determine protein contents of each plant sample and attempt to relate the protein content with biomass. Students in this lab activity are challenged to think, analyse, and seek answers as to why protein biomasses vary for a given natural weight for different plants. Finally, they will relate that finding to the biodiversity of nature.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

The physical properties of proteins kit is a lab activity that enables students to investigate the physical properties of several different proteins. Students will learn about protein solubility and how it is affected by various parameters; including temperature, pH, salt and dielectric constant. They will understand about protein precipitation due to pH, high salt and in the presence of organic solvents and about protein denaturation as a result of high temperature. In addition, the kit will demonstrate how non-protein agents, such as detergents drastically alter the physical properties of protein molecules and as a result, understand the importance of detergents in protein solubilisation. This lab activity involves analysis of three different types of pure proteins and then students alter some of those properties with a detergent and re-examine physical properties of those proteins. Students are challenged to consider how physical properties of protein molecules can be exploited for purification and characterisation of proteins and apply their findings on a test sample of complex tissue extract.