28231 Results for: "Biotium"

Supplier: Biotium

CD8a (clone SK1) is a validated mouse monoclonal antibody that recognizes CD8a, a transmembrane glycoprotein and co-receptor found in T cells. This antibody derived from the CD8 alpha chain. The antibody is available conjugated to CF® Dyes and Astral™ tandem dyes. They are supplied in PBS, 0,1% BSA, 0,05% azide.

Supplier: Biotium

Anti-HIV1 p24 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PerCP) [clone: p24/661]

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific for progesterone. It exhibits minimal cross reactivity with related compounds in ELISA. It reacts with Progesterone-11a-HMS-BSA: 100%; 5-beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 48%; 5-alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 26.4%; 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 2.5%; 20-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 0.04%. Progesterone is a steroid hormone synthesized from the cholesterol derivative, pregnenolone, in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum and acts to prepare the endometrium for the implantation of a fertilized egg. During pregnancy, it is secreted by the placenta to prevent spontaneous abortion and to stimulate the development of mammary tissue to produce milk. Thus, progesterone plays a central role in the reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteinized theca cells of normal ovary secrete progesterone. The determination of progesterone concentrations in the body fluids is of great value for endocrinological investigations in women. This MAb may prove useful in identification of ovarian tumors.

Supplier: Biotium

Reacts with a 70 kDa membrane-bound isozyme (Regan and Nagao type) of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) occurring in the placenta during the 3rd trimester of gestation. It is highly specific for PLAP and shows no cross-reaction with other isozymes of alkaline phosphatase. Anti-PLAP reacts with germ cell tumors and can discriminate between these and other neoplasms. Somatic neoplasms e.g. breast, gastrointestinal, prostatic, and urinary cancers may also immunoreact with antibodies to PLAP. Anti-PLAP positivity in conjunction with anti-keratin negativity favors seminoma over carcinoma. Germ cell tumors are usually anti-keratin positive, but they regularly fail to stain with anti-EMA, whereas most carcinomas stain with anti-EMA. Anti-PLAP has been useful in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a 27 kDa protein, identified as the p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor. Its epitope spans between aa 83-204 of p27. It is highly specific and shows no cross-reaction with other related mitotic inhibitors. p27Kip1 functions as a negative regulator of G1 progression and has been proposed to function as a possible mediator of TGF- induced G1 arrest. p27Kip1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. This MAb co-precipitates cdk4 in complex p27Kip1 and is excellent for staining of formalin-fixed tissues.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 57 kDa, identified as p57Kip2. It shows no cross-reaction with p27Kip1. p57Kip2 is a potent tight-binding inhibitor of several G1 cyclin complexes, and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Anti-p57 has been used as an aide in identification of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) (no nuclear labeling of cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) in which both cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells stain. The histological differentiation of complete mole, partial mole, and hydropic spontaneous abortion is problematic. Most complete hydatidiform moles are diploid, whereas most partial moles are triploid. Ploidy studies will identify partial moles, but will not differentiate complete moles from non-molar gestations. Complete moles carry a high risk of persistent disease and choriocarcinoma, while partial moles have a very low risk. In normal placenta, many cytotrophoblast nuclei and stromal cells are labeled with this antibody. Similar findings apply to PHM and hydropic abortus tissues. Intervillous trophoblastic islands (IVTIs) demonstrate nuclear labeling in all three entities and serve as an internal control.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a 27 kDa protein, identified as the p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor. Its epitope spans between aa 83-204 of p27. It is highly specific and shows no cross-reaction with other related mitotic inhibitors. p27Kip1 functions as a negative regulator of G1 progression and has been proposed to function as a possible mediator of TGF- induced G1 arrest. p27Kip1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. This MAb co-precipitates cdk4 in complex p27Kip1 and is excellent for staining of formalin-fixed tissues.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 33-55 kDa, identified as CD37 (Workshop V; Code CD37.7). CD37 is strongly expressed on normal and neoplastic mature (sIg ) B-lymphocytes. In B-cell ontogeny, CD37 appears after the pre-B-cell stage, is maintained during peripheral B-cell development and is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells.1 CD37 is also present, at low densities, on resting and activated T cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and some myelomonocytic leukemia cells. It is absent from platelets, erythrocytes. CD37 is a member of a family of tetraspan transmembrane proteins, including CD9, CD53, CD63, CD81, and CD82. It associates other tetraspan transmembrane proteins and MHC class II molecules to form a large complex at the surface of B cells and play a role in signal transduction. CD37 is a valuable and stable marker for peripheral mature B-cells and corresponding malignancies like B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and all types of B-cell non-Hodgkin'' lymphoma (B-NHL).

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 80 kDa-90 kDa, identified as CD36. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes and macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, erythrocyte precursors, mammary epithelial cells, and some macrophage derived dendritic cells. CD36 acts as a receptor for thrombospondin (TSP), collagen types I, IV and V, P. falciparum malaria-infected erythrocytes, and sickle erythrocytes. It also functions as a scavenger receptor, mediating macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and recognition of apoptotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). CD36 plays a role in platelet aggregation, macrophage foam cell development, inflammation, and the tissue ischemia observed in sickle cell disease and cerebral malaria. Note that 1-4% of Japanese and East Asia population lack CD36.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 33-55 kDa, identified as CD37 (Workshop V; Code CD37.7). CD37 is strongly expressed on normal and neoplastic mature (sIg ) B-lymphocytes. In B-cell ontogeny, CD37 appears after the pre-B-cell stage, is maintained during peripheral B-cell development and is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells.1 CD37 is also present, at low densities, on resting and activated T cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and some myelomonocytic leukemia cells. It is absent from platelets, erythrocytes. CD37 is a member of a family of tetraspan transmembrane proteins, including CD9, CD53, CD63, CD81, and CD82. It associates other tetraspan transmembrane proteins and MHC class II molecules to form a large complex at the surface of B cells and play a role in signal transduction. CD37 is a valuable and stable marker for peripheral mature B-cells and corresponding malignancies like B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and all types of B-cell non-Hodgkin'' lymphoma (B-NHL).

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 33-55 kDa, identified as CD37 (Workshop V; Code CD37.7). CD37 is strongly expressed on normal and neoplastic mature (sIg ) B-lymphocytes. In B-cell ontogeny, CD37 appears after the pre-B-cell stage, is maintained during peripheral B-cell development and is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells.1 CD37 is also present, at low densities, on resting and activated T cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and some myelomonocytic leukemia cells. It is absent from platelets, erythrocytes. CD37 is a member of a family of tetraspan transmembrane proteins, including CD9, CD53, CD63, CD81, and CD82. It associates other tetraspan transmembrane proteins and MHC class II molecules to form a large complex at the surface of B cells and play a role in signal transduction. CD37 is a valuable and stable marker for peripheral mature B-cells and corresponding malignancies like B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and all types of B-cell non-Hodgkin'' lymphoma (B-NHL).

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 80 kDa-90 kDa, identified as CD36. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes and macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, erythrocyte precursors, mammary epithelial cells, and some macrophage derived dendritic cells. CD36 acts as a receptor for thrombospondin (TSP), collagen types I, IV and V, P. falciparum malaria-infected erythrocytes, and sickle erythrocytes. It also functions as a scavenger receptor, mediating macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and recognition of apoptotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). CD36 plays a role in platelet aggregation, macrophage foam cell development, inflammation, and the tissue ischemia observed in sickle cell disease and cerebral malaria. Note that 1-4% of Japanese and East Asia population lack CD36.

Supplier: Biotium

CD31 (PECAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein member of the immunoglobulin supergene family of adhesion molecules. CD31 is expressed by stem cells of the hematopoietic system and is primarily used to identify and concentrate these cells for experimental studies as well as for bone marrow transplantation. Anti-CD31 has shown to be highly specific and sensitive for vascular endothelial cells. Staining of nonvascular tumors (excluding hematopoietic neoplasms) is rare. CD31 MAb reacts with normal, benign, and malignant endothelial cells which make up blood vessel lining. The level of CD31 expression can help to determine the degree of tumor angiogenesis, and a high level of CD31 expression may imply a rapidly growing tumor and potentially a predictor of tumor recurrence.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. This MAb selectively interferes with lymphocyte binding to lymph node, mucosal and synovial endothelium. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes an epitope within the 74-182 C-terminal sequence (11kD peptide fragment) of human serum Cellular Retinol Binding Protein 1 (CRBP 1), a single-chain glycoprotein belonging to the superfamily of hydrophobic molecule transporter proteins, which is responsible for transport of retinol (vitamin A1) from the liver to peripheral target tissues, like the eye, where it mediates the cellular uptake. CRBP 1 is synthesized by hepatic parenchymal cells where it becomes bound to its ligand retinol and is then released into the circulation, where it binds further to the protein transthyretin, to form a transporting complex, which is big enough not to be lost by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. It is detected in nearly all tissues with higher expression in adult ovary, pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and fetal liver.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody neutralises HurTNFamediated cytotoxicity of L929 cells and inhibits tumour growth in mice. It protects mice against toxicity of HurTNFa. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody reacts with the TGF alpha and shows no cross-reaction with EGF and the neuropeptide synenkephalin. The staining with this MAb is completely blocked by the peptide used for raising this antibody. TGF alpha (aa50) is a growth factor with 33% homology to EGF, binds to EGFR, activates tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor, and stimulates cell proliferation. It plays a role in tumor initiation by inducing the reversible transformed phenotype.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a glycoprotein of 44-88 kDa, which is identified as CD28. It is the critical T-cell co-stimulatory receptor which provides to the cell the important second activation signal by binding CD80 and CD86 that are expressed by antigen presenting cells. Besides its co-stimulation role, CD28 functions in preventing T-cells from anergic hyporesponsive state or from undergoing premature apoptotic cell death. CD28 is also expressed on human fetal NK cells and some NK cell lines, whereas on murine NK cells the CD28 expression is much broader.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a glycoprotein of 44-88 kDa, which is identified as CD28. It is the critical T-cell co-stimulatory receptor which provides to the cell the important second activation signal by binding CD80 and CD86 that are expressed by antigen presenting cells. Besides its co-stimulation role, CD28 functions in preventing T-cells from anergic hyporesponsive state or from undergoing premature apoptotic cell death. CD28 is also expressed on human fetal NK cells and some NK cell lines, whereas on murine NK cells the CD28 expression is much broader.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody reacts with the TGF alpha and shows no cross-reaction with EGF and the neuropeptide synenkephalin. The staining with this MAb is completely blocked by the peptide used for raising this antibody. TGF alpha (aa50) is a growth factor with 33% homology to EGF, binds to EGFR, activates tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor, and stimulates cell proliferation. It plays a role in tumor initiation by inducing the reversible transformed phenotype.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of ~55 kDa, identified as SOX10. This MAb is highly specific and does not cross-react with other members of the SOX-family. SOX genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. SOX-10 is a sensitive marker of melanoma, including conventional, spindled, and desmoplastic subtypes. It is expressed by metastatic melanomas and nodal capsular nevus in sentinel lymph nodes, but not by other lymph node components such as dendritic cells, which usually express S100 protein. Commonly used melanoma markers, such as anti-HMB-45 and anti-Melan-A, are poorly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas while SOX-10 is moderately to strongly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas. SOX-10 is considered as a very reliable marker for recognizing residual desmoplastic melanomas. In normal tissues, it is expressed in Schwann cells, melanocytes, and myoepithelial cells of salivary, bronchial and mammary glands. SOX-10 expression is also observed in mast cells.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of ~55 kDa, identified as SOX10. This MAb is highly specific and does not cross-react with other members of the SOX-family. SOX genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. SOX-10 is a sensitive marker of melanoma, including conventional, spindled, and desmoplastic subtypes. It is expressed by metastatic melanomas and nodal capsular nevus in sentinel lymph nodes, but not by other lymph node components such as dendritic cells, which usually express S100 protein. Commonly used melanoma markers, such as anti-HMB-45 and anti-Melan-A, are poorly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas while SOX-10 is moderately to strongly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas. SOX-10 is considered as a very reliable marker for recognizing residual desmoplastic melanomas. In normal tissues, it is expressed in Schwann cells, melanocytes, and myoepithelial cells of salivary, bronchial and mammary glands. SOX-10 expression is also observed in mast cells.

Supplier: Biotium

Anti-SOX10 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (APC) [clone: SOX10/992]

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to SUMO-1 and shows no cross-reaction with either SUMO-2 or SUMO-3. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets proteins to a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO-1 protein localizes to the nuclear membrane.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to SUMO-1 and shows no cross-reaction with either SUMO-2 or SUMO-3. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets proteins to a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO-1 protein localizes to the nuclear membrane.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes an oncofetal glycoprotein with a single chain of 70 kDa, which is identified as alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This MAb is highly specific to AFP and shows no cross-reaction with other oncofetal antigens or serum albumin. The yolk sac and the liver produce AFP during fetal life. AFP expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the AFP and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. AFP is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of AFP in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spinal bifida and anencephaly.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of ~90 kDa, which is identified as Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase, isoform E (AMPD3). It has 767 amino acids and is assigned an EC 3.5.4.6. It is a highly regulated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate, a branch point in the adenylate catabolic pathway. AMPD3 gene encodes the erythrocyte (E) isoforms, whereas other family members encode isoforms that predominate in muscle (M) and liver (L) cells. This MAb shows reactivity with cells of the erythroid lineage at all stages of maturation in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and fetal liver. Non-erythroid lineages are negative by flow cytometry. This MAb is useful in the diagnosis of erythroleukemia, identification of bone marrow erythroid precursors, gating erythroid nucleated precursor cells from malignant cells in bone marrow specimens.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as the bcl-2 α oncoprotein. It shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax protein. Expression of bcl-2 α oncoprotein inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of bcl-2 α protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those follicular lymphomas that express bcl-2 protein and the small number in which the neoplastic cells are bcl-2 negative.

Supplier: Biotium

β2 microglobulin is a 12 kDa protein with a pI of 5.6. Serum β2 microglobulin levels are a reflection of cell turnover. Levels rise with fever, inflammation, and infection. Increased serum levels are also seen in B-cell malignancies and in renal failure and may indicate a worse prognosis for patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. In urine, increased levels are seen in proximal renal tubular disease as well as renal transplant rejection. β2 microglobulin levels can rise either because its rate of synthesis has increased (e.g. in AIDS, malignant monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia, solid tumours and autoimmune disease) or because of impaired renal filtration (e.g. due to renal insufficiency, graft rejection or nephrotoxicity induced by post-transplantation immunosuppressive therapy).

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as the bcl-2 α oncoprotein. It shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax protein. Expression of bcl-2 α oncoprotein inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of bcl-2 α protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those follicular lymphomas that express bcl-2 protein and the small number in which the neoplastic cells are bcl-2 negative.