Hai cercato: Materiale didattico

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Drinking water is routinely tested for contamination. If a screening tests positive, more sophisticated tests are required. One such test uses PCR in multiplex format. In this experiment, students test for the presence of three separate, classroom-safe organisms in a water sample using a single PCR reaction.

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Students can solve a crime using PCR. Plasmid DNA is provided that, when amplified by PCR, provides products that represent individual DNA profiles.

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Most molecules have a net charge within a pH range of 2 to 10. When the pH is altered, the net charge on molecules can change drastically. In this experiment, a mixture of 2 chemicals is absorbed onto a solid support ion-exchange column and separated during elution under conditions that influence their net charge.

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This simulation experiment demonstrates the process of DNA amplification by PCR and how the amplified product is detected by separating the reaction mixture by agarose gel electrophoresis.

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Students learn the basic principles of the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using this precise and sensitive antibody-based detection kit.

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This experiment introduces chromatographic theory and methods of thin layer chromatography (TLC). A mixture of dyes are separated on a cellulose-based TLC plate using different solvent systems.

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In this experiment, students see a blue colour change in transformed cells due to the switching on of a gene. The pGAL plasmid gives a blue colour dye due to the production of the β-galactosidase protein by the lacZ gene. IPTG is not required in this experiment since pGAL contains the complete lacZ gene.

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The Affinity Chromatography kit teaches the basic principle of affinity chromatography utilising highly specific affinity columns. This lab activity involves preparation of a crude protein extract and running affinity exchange chromatography for isolation of a protein.

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Investigate how agarose gel electrophoresis unlocks the color code used by food scientists to make colorful candies.

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DNA obtained from a single hair left behind at a crime scene can be used to identify a criminal. In this experiment, students will compare simulated crime scene DNA with that of 2 suspects.

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Evidence left behind at a crime scene can identify a potential culprit. Even in this age of DNA, fingerprints and blood stains are still important in helping to identify a criminal. In this experiment, students solve a crime by dusting for fingerprints and use fluorescent dust to search for and identify trace amounts of blood.

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This simple experiment demonstrates detection of the mutation that causes Sickle Cell Anaemia. In this simulation, students use electrophoresis to separate dyes that represent patient samples and controls.

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In this experiment, students determine a pedigree for a family thought to be carriers of a mutation in their p53 genes. This is followed by a diagnostic agarose gel analysis to diagnose the state of the p53 gene in individual family members.

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DNA mapping is a common procedure used to determine the location of genes. In this experiment, DNA markers and pre-digested plasmid DNA fragments are mapped using agarose gel electrophoresis.

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The three most frequently used restriction enzymes are Eco RI, Bam HI and Hind III. Each enzyme catalyses cleavage at the defined base sequence. All enzymes are lyophilised and contain 1500 units. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to digest 1,0 µg of lambda DNA in 60 minutes at 37 °C in a total reaction mixture of 50 µl.

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This experiment helps teach students about restriction enzyme digests in the context of forensic science. Students cut DNA with restriction enzymes and then compare the banding pattern of the crime scene DNA versus that of two suspects using agarose gel electrophoresis.

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Milk proteins are the most common food allergens in children. Accurate detection and labeling is vital to inform consumers about potentially dangerous foods.

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Following restriction enzyme digestion of DNA molecules, researchers need to rejoin the ends of the DNA to generate recombinant DNA, a process known as ligation. Ligation of DNA is achieved with the bacterial enzyme T4 DNA ligase, which catalyses the formation of phosphodiester bonds. The DNA Ligation kit teaches students about ligation as they ligate several DNA fragments together to make larger pieces of DNA that are easily identified by agarose electrophoresis.

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This DNA fingerprinting kit allows students to carry out their own criminal investigation by comparing DNA samples collected from suspects to DNA collected at a pseudo-crime scene.

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A major challenge for molecular biologists and genetic engineers is to easily detect and analyze genetic mutations that occur naturally, causing diseases, or during genetic engineering or cloning, whether deliberate or accidental. Students learn about different types of genetic mutations, including substitutions, deletions and point mutations and about various techniques used to detect genetic mutations. The kit contains all the reagents to screen simulated clinical samples for a mutant gene, using both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction digestion mapping. Students conduct a simple clinical diagnostic experiment in order to identify a diseased patient.

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The kit utilises the principle of diffusion of nucleic acids on a nylon membrane to determine their concentration. No spectrophotometers required.

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The final goal in molecular biology is often the expression of a recombinant protein. The transformed plasmids can be used as templates by the bacteria to produce protein. Students learn about essential promoters and other elements necessary for successful protein expression in bacteria, including the differences between inducible and constitutive (unregulated) expression.The Expression of a Recombinant Protein kit allows students to express a protein either constitutively or under the control of an inducible promoter, which is activated with IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside).

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Infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses can spread rapidly through a population and cause widespready disease and death. In this experiment, students use coloured solutions to simulate the spreading of a disease in the classroom.

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An infectious outbreak requires prompt and accurate identification of the biological agent. Often, early clinical symptoms are first identified in exposed individuals and then infectious agents are identified by lab tests. In this experiment, students transmit a simulated infectious agent (chemical dye) between classmates which is only visible under long UV light. The pattern of transmission and primary source is documented.

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Using the Protein Electrophoresis kit, students will learn the principles of various types of electrophoresis, including denaturing and non-denaturing electrophoresis, and how this powerful technique is used to analyse proteins. The kit will introduce students to the different separation matrices currently in use and will understand their differing separation properties and their role in protein analysis. Students have an option of casting their own electrophoresis gels using polyacrylamide or using pre-cast commercially available gels. This kit is provided with all of the reagents, buffers and supplies needed for casting acrylamide gels, preparing protein samples, running electrophoresis, and staining the gels for visualisation of protein bands. Test protein samples and protein standards are also provided.

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In this lab activity, students learn to perform carefully controlled experiments to generate protein fragments using a proteolysis enzyme and then analyse the protein fragments by electrophoresis. By analysis of protein fragmentation patterns, i.e. protein fingerprints, students learn about protein sequence, structure, and their conservation. Students resolve a set of three functionally identical protein samples selected from throughout the animal kingdom; including human, bovine and sheep. After generating fingerprints by electrophoresis, students examine the protein fingerprint of each sample to determine the degree of conservation.

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Oil spills cause devastation to the environment, killing sea life, birds, and coastal plants. Spraying areas of contamination with oil-eating microbes accelerates the degradation of the oil. This process is known as bioremediation. In this open-ended experiment, students grow a mixture of oil-eating bacteria and observe their effectiveness at degrading a variety of oils.

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Safe drinking water is vitally important to health. Both pathogenic and harmless bacteria can be found in the guts of mammals and birds. Testing water for every possible type of pathogenic bacteria is slow and costly. Thus, water is tested for a characteristic type of gut bacteria - the coliforms - including the familiar E. coli. Presence of coliforms is an indicator for faecal contamination. In this experiment, students test for coliforms in simulated contaminated water using colour and fluorescent reagents. They can use these same reagents to test water samples from the environment. As an extension activity, a Gram Stain test can be performed on the collected samples.

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This lab activity has two objectives - to deepen the understanding of protein molecules and for students to learn the potential of electrophoresis in protein analysis. Students study the fundamentals of protein structure from their primary structure to the more complex tertiary and quaternary structures, utilising protein electrophoresis. Complex mixtures of protein samples and characterised pure protein samples, in conjunction with electrophoresis, are utilised to study protein structure and the potential of protein electrophoresis. Using non-denaturing and denaturing electrophoresis, students understand the difference between primary, tertiary and quaternary structures, the importance of disulfhydryl bridges in maintaining protein structure and electrophoresis in studying complete proteins and protein subunits.

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In this lab activity, students learn to perform simple protein isolation procedures to isolate the protein fingerprint from various fresh tissues. They will compare the protein fingerprints of 4 different tissues to understand that the function of a particular organ is due to the proteins that are localised to the specific organ. Also included in this kit are four dried protein samples (from mouse liver, brain, heart and lungs) to compare as a control, if fresh tissues cannot be obtained.