"Bioss"

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Encoding over 300 genes, chromosome 18 contains about 76 million bases. Trisomy 18, or Edwards syndrome, is the second most common trisomy after Downs syndrome. Symptoms of Edwards syndrome include low birth weight, a variety of physical development defects, heart deformations and breathing difficulty. Translocation between chromosome 18 and 14 is the most common translocation in cancers and occurs in follicular lymphomas. Niemann-Pick disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and erythropoietic protoporphyria are associated with chromosome 18. The TGF∫ modulators, Smad2, Smad4 and Smad7 are encoded by chromosome 18. The FAM59A gene product has been provisionally designated FAM59A pending further characterization.

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Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. The majority of zinc-finger proteins contain a Krüppel-type DNA binding domain and a KRAB domain, which is thought to interact with KAP1, thereby recruiting histone modifying proteins. ZNF786 (zinc finger protein 786) is a 782 amino acid protein that belongs to the Krüppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and is thought to function in transcriptional regulation. Localizing to nucleus, ZNF786 contains sixteen C2H2-type zinc fingers, a single KRAB domain and is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 7q36.1.

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This gene encodes a nuclear distribution protein that plays an essential role in mitosis and cytokinesis. The encoded protein is involved in spindle formation during mitosis and in microtubule organization during cytokinesis. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012].

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BCL7B shows high homology to the BCL7A protein, which is known to be directly involved in a complex chromosomal translocation in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. The specific function of BCL7B has not yet been determined. However, it may play a role in lung tumor development or progression. The BCL7B gene is located at a chromosomal region commonly deleted in the congenital disorder, Williams syndrome.

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Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex plays also an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement.

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HIGD1A (HIG1 domain family member 1A), also known as HIG1 (hypoxia-inducible gene 1 protein) or HSPC010, is a 93 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that contains one HIG1 domain. Existing as two alternatively spliced isoforms, the gene encoding HIGD1A maps to human chromosome 3, which contains approximately 214 million bases encoding over 1,100 genes. Notably, there is a chemokine receptor gene cluster and a variety of human cancer related loci on chromosome 3. Particular regions of the chromosome 3 short arm are deleted in many types of cancer cells. Key tumor suppressing genes on chromosome 3 encode apoptosis mediator RASSF1, cell migration regulator HYAL1 and angiogenesis suppressor SEMA3B. Marfan Syndrome, porphyria, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease are a few of the numerous genetic diseases associated with chromosome 3.

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C17orf82 is a 251 amino acid protein that is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 17. Chromosome 17 makes up over 2.5% of the human genome with about 81 million bases encoding over 1,200 genes. Two key tumor suppressor genes are associated with chromosome 17, namely, p53 and BRCA1. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. Malfunction or loss of p53 expression is associated with malignant cell growth and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Like p53, BRCA1 is directly involved in DNA repair, specifically it is recognized as a genetic determinant of early onset breast cancer and predisposition to cancers of the ovary, colon, prostate gland and fallopian tubes. Chromosome 17 is also linked to neurofibromatosis, a condition characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth. Alexander disease, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and Canavan disease are also associated with chromosome 17.

Supplier: Bioss

May be involved in the regulation of p53-dependent G2 arrest of the cell cycle. Seems to induce cell cycle arrest by inhibiting CDK1 activity and nuclear translocation of the CDC2 cyclin B1 complex (By similarity).

Supplier: Bioss

NFKB1 or NFKB2 is bound to REL, RELA, or RELB to form the NFKB complex. The NFKB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA, or NFKBIB), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA, or IKBKB) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. Activated NFKB complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine). For some genes, activation requires NFKB interaction with other transcription factors, such as STAT, AP1 (JUN), and NFAT.

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This gene is a member of the alpha interferon gene cluster on the short arm of chromosome 9. Interferons are cytokines produced in response to viral infection that mediate the immune response and interfere with viral replication. The encoded protein is a type I interferon and may play a specific role in the antiviral response to rubella virus. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011].

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This gene product appears to function as a negative regulator of the ras signal transduction pathway. Mutations in this gene have been linked to neurofibromatosis type 1, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and Watson syndrome. The mRNA for this gene is subject to RNA editing (CGA>UGA->Arg1306Term) resulting in premature translation termination. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have also been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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Involved in intracellular protein transport probably out of a prevacuolar endosomal compartment. May be involved in the release of components of the bilayered coat from the endosomal membrane. The association with ESCRT-III complex mediates the ATP-dependent disassembly of the ESCRT-III complex. In case of infection, the HIV-1 virus takes advantage of it for budding and exocytic cargos of viral proteins.

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The protein encoded by this gene is one of the eight subunits of COP9 signalosome, a highly conserved protein complex that functions as an important regulator in multiple signaling pathways. The structure and function of COP9 signalosome is similar to that of the 19S regulatory particle of 26S proteasome. COP9 signalosome has been shown to interact with SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and act as a positive regulator of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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This gene encodes a protein that phosphorylates carbohydrates such as ribulose, ribitol, and L-arabinitol. Genome-wide association studies in some populations have found an association between polymorphisms in this gene and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but studies of other populations have not been able to replicate this association. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

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May play an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration. Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves KiSS1 at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments. Degrades fibronectin but not laminin or Pz-peptide.

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Regulates voltage-gated potassium channels assembled from KCNA1, KCNA4 and KCNAB1. It slows down channel inactivation by precluding channel closure mediated by the KCNAB1 subunit. Ligand for ADAM22 that positively regulates synaptic transmission mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors (By similarity). Plays a role in suppressing the production of MMP1/3 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ERK pathway. May play a role in the control of neuroblastoma cell survival.