"Test Lead"

Supplier: Genetex

Platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 170-185 kDa which undergoes homo or heterodimerization into complexes of alpha and beta subunits upon ligand binding, depending on the isoform of PDGF (PDGF AA, BB or AB) that binds. The phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the now activated receptor can control multiple signaling events such as actin reorganization, transcription, cell growth, migration and differentiation, and also lead to activation of the Ras, Raf and ERK 1 and 2 pathway.

Supplier: Prosci

Frizzled-4 (FZD4) is also known as FzE4, CD344, which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. FZD4 contains one FZ (frizzled) domain. FZD4 may be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues. FZD4 interacts with MAGI3 and norrin (NDP).

Supplier: Genetex

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative enteric bacteria that live in the human gut. Its presence in nature is an indication of human feacal pollution. E. coli also causes human disease such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Infection with particular enterotoxigenic strains can lead to life threatening intestinal diseases. E. coli are distinguished immunologically by serotyping based on three types of antigen: the somatic or O antigen which corresponds to terminal sugars on the cell surface lipopolysaccharide, the capsular or K antigens and the flagellar or H antigens.

Supplier: Genetex

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative enteric bacteria that live in the human gut. Its presence in nature is an indication of human feacal pollution. E. coli also causes human disease such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Infection with particular enterotoxigenic strains can lead to life threatening intestinal diseases. E. coli are distinguished immunologically by serotyping based on three types of antigen: the somatic or O antigen which corresponds to terminal sugars on the cell surface lipopolysaccharide, the capsular or K antigens and the flagellar or H antigens.

Supplier: Prosci

The ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a member of the ARF family, which is part of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The product of this gene is localized to the plasma membrane , and regulates vesicular trafficking, remodelling of membrane lipids, and signaling pathways that lead to actin remodeling.

Supplier: Genetex

Insulin is one of the major regulatory hormones of intermediate metabolism throughout the body. The biological actions of this hormone involve integration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Insulin enhances membrane transport of glucose, amino acids, and certain ions. It also promotes glycogen storage,formation of triglycerides and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Immunocytochemical investigations have localized insulin in the B or b-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Insulin is also present in tumors of b-cell origin such as insulinoma.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Prosci

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: Prosci

STK39 is a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress.

Supplier: Prosci

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: Prosci

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: Genetex

The XPA (xeroderma pigmentosumgroup A) protein specifically recognizes the UV-orchemically damaged DNA lesions, and triggers thenucleotide excision repair process. XPA binds to thereplication protein A (RPA) or the excision repaircross complementing 1 protein (ERCC 1). In the absence of nucleotide excision repair persisting(unrepaired) DNA lesions (adducts) may lead to the accumulation of gene mutations and ultimately to cancer. Xeroderma pigmentosum patients have a >2000 fold increased risk to develop skin cancer atsun-exposed areas.

Supplier: Genetex

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I integral membrane protein localized in the intermediate region between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi, presumably recycling between the two compartments. The protein is a mannose-specific lectin and is a member of a novel family of plant lectin homologs in the secretory pathway of animal cells. Mutations in the gene are associated with a coagulation defect. Using positional cloning, the gene was identified as the disease gene leading to combined factor V-factor VIII deficiency, a rare, autosomal recessive disorder in which both coagulation factors V and VIII are diminished. [provided by RefSeq]

Supplier: Genetex

TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) is a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila toll protein. The human TLR4 is a type-1 transmembrane protein containing 799 amino acid residues. The extracellular domain has leucine-rich repeats and the intracellular domain is similar to that of IL-1 receptor. TLR4 is a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In mice that are genetically tolerant to endotoxin, mutations have been identified in the intracellular domain of TLR4 that abolish LPS responsiveness. TLR4 uses a mechanism similar to that of the IL-1 receptor for signal transduction that leads to activation of NF-kB.

Supplier: Prosci

FHIT is member of the histidine triad gene family and is a diadenosine involved in purine metabolism. FHIT is also thought to be a tumor suppressor gene and is involved in multiple apoptotic pathways. The FHIT gene encompasses the common fragile site FRA3B on chromosome 3, where carcinogen-induced damage can lead to translocations and aberrant transcripts of this gene. Aberrant transcripts from this gene have been found in multiple carcinomas.