1056 Results for: "Tonbo Biosciences"

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Ghost Dye™ Red 780 is an amine reactive viability dye that can be used to discriminate viable from non-viable mammalian cells in flow cytometry applications

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Ghost Dye™ Violet 510 is an amine reactive viability dye that can be used to discriminate viable from non-viable mammalian cells in flow cytometry applications

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

VerityMAX DNA Polymerase is a proprietary blend of our VerityPfu and Classic++ Hot Start Taq DNA polymerases, engineered and optimized specifically for generating amplicons of up to 35 kb in length with 2.5x higher fidelity than standard Taq polymerase

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Classic++ Taq DNA Polymerase is a robust next generation ecombinant Taq polymerase, optimized for exceptional everyday PCR

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The PC61.5 antibody is specific for mouse CD25, a 55 kDa surface protein also known as the Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha chain, or IL-2R alpha. CD25 may bind IL-2 by itself, although with low affinity and without induction of cell signaling. CD25 is also expressed within a high-affinity complex, along with the IL-2R beta chain (CD122) and the common gamma chain (CD132), to form a signaling receptor complex. Expression of CD25 varies during developmental stages of T and B cells, is induced on activated mature T and B cells, and is present on subsets of dendritic cells. CD25 signaling as part of the IL-2 receptor complex triggers T cell activation and proliferation, as well as modulating the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, and dendritic cells. The PC61.5 antibody is used as a marker for T cells, B cells and dendritic cell subsets. Expression of CD25, CD4 and the transcription factor Foxp3 is regarded as a phenotypic signature for Treg cells. As such, this antibody is widely used to distinguish Treg cells from na�ve or conventional T cells which are CD25-. This clone has also been reported for depletion of Treg cells in vivo (use format suitable for functional assays).

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The HB7 antibody is specific for human CD38, a 45 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on thymocytes, plasma cells, and monocytes as well as other non-hematopoietic cells. T and B lymphocyte expression is discontinuous and varies based on differentiation state � present on immature cells, low on intermediate stages, and high on activated mature cells. It is found on most CD34+ cells, but not on pluripotent stem cells. CD38 is an ectoenzyme that functions to catalyze the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose and is involved in cell signaling, regulating cell adhesion, and activation. Additionally, CD38 has been shown to be a prognostic marker for some leukemias and other diseases.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

VerityMAX DNA Polymerase Master Mix contains a proprietary blend of our VerityPfu and Classic++ Hot Start Taq DNA polymerases, engineered and optimized specifically for generating amplicons of up to 35 kb in length with 2.5x higher fidelity than standard Taq polymerase

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, HRP Conjugate

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The GL-1 antibody reacts with mouse CD86, also known as B7-2, an 80 kDa cell surface protein which is a ligand for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 can also bind a second B7 ligand known as CD80 (B7-1). Both CD80 and CD86 are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. The GL-1 antibody may be used as a marker for CD86 expression on B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

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The MEL-14 antibody is specific for mouse CD62L, also known as L-Selectin, a cell adhesion molecule which facilitates lymphocyte "rolling" on activated vascular endothelium and homing to high endothelial venules (HEV) as immune cells transmigrate from blood into peripheral tissues. L-Selectin is a member of a family of Selectin molecules which act together with the integrin family of adhesion molecules to mediate leukocyte-endothelial interactions. L-Selectin is characteristically expressed by neutrophils, and is also found on B cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and at varying levels on naive, effector and memory T cells. It is rapidly shed upon cell activation, releasing into the circulation a soluble form whose biological role is of particular interest in cancer biology research. The MEL-14 antibody may be used as a phenotypic marker for CD62L expression on a variety of immune cell types. Please note that CD62L (L-Selectin) itself is also referred to as MEL-14 in the literature.

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The RPA-2.10 antibody reacts with human CD2, an approximately 50 kDa glycoprotein, and a member of the Ig superfamily. CD2, also known as LFA-2, is a receptor for CD58 in the human and is expressed on the cell surface of 80-90% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, a subset of NK cells, and all mature T cells. CD2 mediates lymphocyte adhesion and is involved in T cell activation.

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The incorporation of BrdU into newly synthesized DNA by actively cycling cells is one method for measuring the changing amount of cellular DNA during cell proliferation through each of the cell cycle phases. As a thymidine analog, BrdU is preferentially incorporated into newly replicated DNA which can then be subsequently labeled and analyzed to determine relative DNA content and cell cycle position. Incorporation of BrdU is most commonly detected using anti-BrdU antibodies. A BrdU solution is provided for exposure of actively cycling cells to incorporate BrdU. The EZ-BrdU Kit employs an acid denaturation step. The mild acid method used helps reduce damage to other cellular proteins. After the denaturation step, cells are stained with a FITC anti-BrdU antibody and total DNA is counterstained with a PI/RNase A solution. Two color flow cytometry can then be used to analyze cells that have incorporated BrdU (proliferating cells) in terms of their cell cycle position (G0/1, S, or G2/M phase). The EZ-BrdU Kit is shipped in one container and consists of two packages. Upon arrival one should be stored at 2-8°C and the other at -20°C.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 2.4G2 antibody is specific for a common epitope found in the extracellular regions of mouse Fc-receptors Fc-gamma II (CD32) and Fc-gamma III (CD16). These receptors are expressed by B cells, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.

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The 30-H12 antibody reacts with mouse CD90.2 (Thy1.2). CD90.2 is a strain-specific allelic form of the GPI-linked membrane associated protein CD90 and is involved in adhesion and signal transduction. CD90.2 is expressed on thymocytes, mature T cells and neurons in mouse strains that express the CD90.2 allele (BALB/c, CBA, C3H, C57BL/6, SJL and others). 30-H12 does not react with the CD90.1 allele expressed in mouse strains such as PL and AKR.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 2.4G2 antibody is specific for a common epitope found in the extracellular regions of mouse Fc-receptors Fc-gamma II (CD32) and Fc-gamma III (CD16). These receptors are expressed by B cells, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.

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The L243 antibody reacts with a member of the human MHC Class II antigens, HLA-DR. The HLA-DR antigen is expressed on B lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes, activated NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, other antigen presenting cells and progenitor cells. The L243 antibody is specific to an epitope on the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric HLA-DR protein and binds a different epitope than the LN3 antibody clone. It does not cross-react with HLA-DP or HLA-DQ. This antibody is reported to be cross-reactive with non-human primates including Chimpanzee, Cynomolgus, Rhesus and Baboon. Please choose the appropriate format for each application.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The M5/114.15.2 antibody reacts with mouse MHC Class II alloantigens I-Ab, I-Ad, I-Aq, I-Ed, and I-Ek, as well as being cross-reactive with mouse cells of H-2p and H-2r haplotype. MHC Class II is widely expressed by mouse immune cells bearing these alloantigens, including T and B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The antibody does not react with the following alloantigens: I-Af, I-Ak, I-As, or NOD H-2g7. The M5/114.15.2 antibody may be used for analysis of mouse cells expressing MHC Class II alloantigens as described. Please note that the M5/114.15.2 clone may also be referred to as M5/114 in the literature.

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The 2H7 antibody reacts with human CD20, expressed by pre-B cells, resting and activated B cells, follicular dendritic cells and a small subset of T cells, but not on plasma cells. CD20 is a 33-37 kDa transmembrane protein which is differentially phosphorylated in resting and active B cells. The CD20 molecule plays a role in regulating B-cell activation. The 2H7 antibody is reported to be cross-reactive with several non-human species including Baboon, Chimpanzee, Cynomolgus and Rhesus. Please choose the appropriate format for each application.

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The 104 antibody reacts with mouse CD45.2, also known as Ly5.2, which is a strain-specific allelic form of the CD45 Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA). Functionally, CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase whose broad cell distribution supports a critical role in many leukocyte functions, including regulation of signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell and B cell receptors. 

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The O323 antibody reacts with human CD27 (TNFRSF7), a cell surface homodimer of 55 kDa subunits, which provides co-stimulatory signaling in support of the T cell (TCR) and B cell (BCR) receptors. By comparison with CD28, whose TCR co-stimulatory signal can trigger cell proliferation, CD27 signaling appears to promote cell survival and differentiation to effector / memory stages. Also in contrast with CD28, the CD27 receptor may be shed following interaction with its ligand CD70, which is typically expressed on activated dendritic cells, T cells and B cells. With respect to B cells, CD27 is considered to be a phenotypic marker for memory B cells. CD27 has been included within a group of phenotypic markers for identifying human B regulatory cells (Bregs), a cell type proposed to regulate CD4+ T cell proliferation and Foxp3 / CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells.

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The MR1 antibody is specific for mouse CD154, a 39 kD glycoprotein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells. CD154 (CD40 ligand, gp39) binds to CD40 expressed on antigen presenting cells and mediates important costimulatory functions between these cells. Signals generated via cognate interactions between CD154-CD40 on activated T and B cells are required for T-dependent B cell responses. The MR1 antibody is reported to block interaction of CD154 with CD40.

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The BC96 antibody is specific for human CD25, a 55 kDa surface protein also known as the Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha chain, or IL-2R alpha. CD25 may bind IL-2 by itself, although with low affinity and without induction of cell signaling. CD25 is also expressed within a high-affinity complex, along with the IL-2R beta chain (CD122) and the common gamma chain (CD132), to form a signaling receptor complex. Signaling via CD25 may modulate Th17 and Treg cell differentiation, and has been shown to play a role in the function of dendritic cells.

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The Hit3a antibody is specific for human CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. These interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation), inducing cell proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

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The ICRF44 antibody reacts with human CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M. This 165-170 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha M (CD11b) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as Macrophage Antigen-1 (Mac-1) or complement receptor type 3 (CR3). This receptor binds and induces intracellular signaling through ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3 and ICAM-4 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

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The NOK-1 antibody reacts with human CD178 (Fas ligand) in both membrane bound and soluble forms. Fas ligand is a 40 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, a member of the TNF family, and is expressed by activated T and NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes. Interactions between CD178 (Fas ligand) and CD95 (Fas) induce a program of apoptosis and play a key role in immune regulation and homeostasis. The extracellular domain of human CD178 can be cleaved from the surface by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) resulting in a 26 kDa soluble protein.

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The OKT4 antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4, and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, may also be utilized by HIV-1 to enter T cells. Human CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, some mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

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The N418 antibody reacts with mouse CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor complex known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

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The UCHT1 antibody is specific for human CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. These interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation), inducing cell proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The DTA-1 antibody reacts with mouse CD357, also known as GITR or AITR (in humans), a 66-70 kDa member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor superfamily (TNFRSF18). GITR is primarily found on T cells, and its function may vary depending on the T cell type where it is expressed. GITR is upregulated on activated T cells where it provides co-stimulation, yet GITR may promote the inhibition of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, where it is expressed at high levels. GITR ligand (GITRL) is found on B cells, macrophages, dendritic and endothelial cells, and is implicated in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.

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The IM7 antibody recognizes CD44, a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor which is important for extracellular matrix organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and migration. CD44 may be expressed in a number of different isoforms (splice variants) from the most typical or “standard” form, known as CD44s, to variants designated CD44v, e.g. CD44v1 or CD44v6. These receptors interact with several ligands, but most often associate with an extracellular matrix component hyaluronate, through which it mediates adhesion.