"Other Essentials"

Supplier: Thermo Scientific Chemicals

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) is useful in coatings, film, filter cloth, instrument linings, filtration membranes, pump parts, linings and valves. It is also employed as a material for transducers in devices such as headphones, microphones and sonic detectors. It is also essential for piezoelectric and electrostrictive applications. In addition, it is useful for monofilament fishing lines replacing nylon monofilament. It acts as a standard binder used in the production of composite electrodes for lithium ion batteries. It serves as a high grade insulator for wires, nanomaterials and pressure sensors. It is utilized to make filters which are used to prepare samples for high performance liquid chromatography and other advanced analytical techniques.
Notes: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Supplier: Prosci

APH1 Antibody: APH1 was initially identified as a component of the Notch pathway in C. elegans. Along with nicastrin, PEN2, and presenilin-1 APH1 is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex which cleave the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at what are known as the gamma- and epsilon-sites and can lead to the accumulation of the Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) cleavage product that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. APH1 exists in at least three distinct isoforms with APH1a as the principal isoform present in the gamma-secretase complex. Mice deficient in this isoform, but not the other two, were lethal at E10.5, with impaired vascular and neural development observed.

Supplier: Prosci

APH1 Antibody: APH1 was initially identified as a component of the Notch pathway in C. elegans. Along with nicastrin, PEN2, and presenilin-1 APH1 is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex which cleave the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at what are known as the gamma- and epsilon-sites and can lead to the accumulation of the Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) cleavage product that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. APH1 exists in at least three distinct isoforms with APH1a as the principal isoform present in the gamma-secretase complex. Mice deficient in this isoform, but not the other two, were lethal at E10.5, with impaired vascular and neural development observed.

Supplier: Prosci

TIRP Antibody: TIRP is a member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins that include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are signaling molecules that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. TIRP, along with other molecules such as TRIF, MAL, and MyD88, serves as an adaptor protein that allows for the interaction and activation of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) family, the subsequent activation of TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-6, and ultimately the activation of NF-kappa B. Expression of TIRP appears to be essential for TLR4 signalling.

Supplier: Prosci

TIRP Antibody: TIRP is a member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins that include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are signaling molecules that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. TIRP, along with other molecules such as TRIF, MAL, and MyD88, serves as an adaptor protein that allows for the interaction and activation of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) family, the subsequent activation of TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-6, and ultimately the activation of NF-kappa B. Expression of TIRP appears to be essential for TLR4 signalling.

Supplier: Prosci

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a heme enzyme that initiates the oxidative degradation of the least abundant, essential amino acid, l-tryptophan, along the kynurenine pathway. This protein is normally expressed in the dendritic cells, macrophages, microglia, eosinophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and most tumor cells. IDO activity is associated with immunosuppression and immune attenuation. Several studies showed that IDO can contribute to immune escape when expressed directly in tumor cells or when expressed in immunosuppressive antigen presenting cells such as tolerogenic dendritic cells or tumor associated macrophages. IDO also is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections, and other diseases characterized by pathological immune suppression.

Supplier: Genetex

TGF beta 1 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1) is a multifunctional peptide capable of influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in a wide range of cell types. Transformed as well as non neoplastic tissues, release transforming growth factors; and essentially all cells possess a specific TGF beta 1 receptor. The multimodal nature of TGF beta 1 is seen in its ability to stimulate or inhibit cellular proliferation. TGF beta 1 plays a fundamental role in tissue growth and differentiation involvement in adipogenesis, myogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, epithelial cell differentiation and immune cell function. The C-terminal 112 amino acids constitute the mature protein.

Supplier: Bioss

Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Essential component of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. With MAP2K7/MKK7, is the one of the only known kinase to directly activate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2 and MAPK10/JNK3. MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 both activate the JNKs by phosphorylation, but they differ in their preference for the phosphorylation site in the Thr-Pro-Tyr motif. MAP2K4 shows preference for phosphorylation of the Tyr residue and MAP2K7/MKK7 for the Thr residue. The phosphorylation of the Thr residue by MAP2K7/MKK7 seems to be the prerequisite for JNK activation at least in response to proinflammatory cytokines, while other stimuli activate both MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 which synergistically phosphorylate JNKs. MAP2K4 is required for maintaining peripheral lymphoid homeostasis. The MKK/JNK signaling pathway is also involved in mitochondrial death signaling pathway, including the release cytochrome c, leading to apoptosis. Whereas MAP2K7/MKK7 exclusively activates JNKs, MAP2K4/MKK4 additionally activates the p38 MAPKs MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14.

Supplier: Bioss

Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Essential component of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. With MAP2K7/MKK7, is the one of the only known kinase to directly activate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2 and MAPK10/JNK3. MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 both activate the JNKs by phosphorylation, but they differ in their preference for the phosphorylation site in the Thr-Pro-Tyr motif. MAP2K4 shows preference for phosphorylation of the Tyr residue and MAP2K7/MKK7 for the Thr residue. The phosphorylation of the Thr residue by MAP2K7/MKK7 seems to be the prerequisite for JNK activation at least in response to proinflammatory cytokines, while other stimuli activate both MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 which synergistically phosphorylate JNKs. MAP2K4 is required for maintaining peripheral lymphoid homeostasis. The MKK/JNK signaling pathway is also involved in mitochondrial death signaling pathway, including the release cytochrome c, leading to apoptosis. Whereas MAP2K7/MKK7 exclusively activates JNKs, MAP2K4/MKK4 additionally activates the p38 MAPKs MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14.

Supplier: Proteintech

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily, with 20kda protein size. ARFs bind and regulate GTP/GDP cycle by alternating between the active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformations. ARF family proteins are essential and ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Six highly conserved members of the family have been identified in mammalian cells. They function in vesicular traffic and actin remodelling and other bioprocesses in cells. ARF4 and ARF5 are class II ARFs. . Their function are not fully described.The antibody is specific to ARF5.

Supplier: Prosci

TIRP Antibody: TIRP is a member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins that include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are signaling molecules that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. TIRP, along with other molecules such as TRIF, MAL, and MyD88, serves as an adaptor protein that allows for the interaction and activation of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) family, the subsequent activation of TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-6, and ultimately the activation of NF-kappa B. Expression of TIRP appears to be essential for TLR4 signalling.

Supplier: Bioss

Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Essential component of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. With MAP2K7/MKK7, is the one of the only known kinase to directly activate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2 and MAPK10/JNK3. MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 both activate the JNKs by phosphorylation, but they differ in their preference for the phosphorylation site in the Thr-Pro-Tyr motif. MAP2K4 shows preference for phosphorylation of the Tyr residue and MAP2K7/MKK7 for the Thr residue. The phosphorylation of the Thr residue by MAP2K7/MKK7 seems to be the prerequisite for JNK activation at least in response to proinflammatory cytokines, while other stimuli activate both MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 which synergistically phosphorylate JNKs. MAP2K4 is required for maintaining peripheral lymphoid homeostasis. The MKK/JNK signaling pathway is also involved in mitochondrial death signaling pathway, including the release cytochrome c, leading to apoptosis. Whereas MAP2K7/MKK7 exclusively activates JNKs, MAP2K4/MKK4 additionally activates the p38 MAPKs MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14.

Supplier: Prosci

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a heme enzyme that initiates the oxidative degradation of the least abundant, essential amino acid, l-tryptophan, along the kynurenine pathway. This protein is normally expressed in the dendritic cells, macrophages, microglia, eosinophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and most tumor cells. IDO activity is associated with immunosuppression and immune attenuation. Several studies showed that IDO can contribute to immune escape when expressed directly in tumor cells or when expressed in immunosuppressive antigen presenting cells such as tolerogenic dendritic cells or tumor associated macrophages. IDO also is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections, and other diseases characterized by pathological immune suppression.

Supplier: Prosci

MCM7 encodes a protein that is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by the MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The MCM complex consisting of this protein and MCM2, 4 and 6 proteins possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. Cyclin D1-dependent kinase, CDK4, is found to associate with this protein, and may regulate the binding of this protein with the tumorsuppressor protein RB1/RB.

Supplier: Bioss

The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and lipotropin beta are the major end products. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.

Supplier: Proteintech

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily, with 20kda protein size. ARFs bind and regulate GTP/GDP cycle by alternating between the active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformations. ARF family proteins are essential and ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Six highly conserved members of the family have been identified in mammalian cells. They function in vesicular traffic and actin remodelling and other bioprocesses in cells. The ARF1 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and has a central role in intra-Golgi transport. It mainly functions in coat recruitment. .This antibody can bind ARFs for the close sequences.