"Fujifilm Irvine Scientific"

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) exerts its effects by binding to the EGF Receptor, a protein kinase that initiates the intracellular signaling. EGF is widely distributed in tissues like the kidney, cerebrum, prostate, and salivary glands. EGF acts as a potent factor in promoting cell division, and the phosphorylated receptor recruit adapter proteins like GRB2, which then activate complex downstream signaling cascades.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a growth factor that is produced by liver and kidney tissues. TPO binds the TPO receptor (CD110) to promote megakaryocyte maturation, differentiation, and the production of platelets. Human TPO (CHO) contains a C-terminal 6x-polyhistidine (6xHis) tag.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Interleukin 17A (IL-17A), also known as CTLA-8, is a member of the IL-17 family of proteins. IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. IL-17A acts through its receptor, IL-17R, to promote increased cytokine and chemokine secretion. In turn, the cytokines and chemokines mediate the immunoregulatory function of IL-17A by promoting the proliferation, maturation, and chemoattraction of neutrophils to inflammatory sites.  Elevated levels of IL-17A are associated with rheumatoid arthritis, airway inflammation, allograft rejection, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, cancer, and multiple sclerosis.  Human, mouse, and rat IL-17A show activity on mouse cells.  

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-acidic), also known as FGF-1, is a potent inducer of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and has chemotactic activities. FGF-acidic regulates cardiogenesis through protein kinase C signaling. FGF-acidic also functions as an insulin sensitizer and mediates adipose tissue remodeling. High serum levels of FGF-acidic are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a pathogenic role of FGF-acidic during T2DM.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and EGF signaling.PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells. PDGF is also stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and is released upon adherence to traumatized tissues. PDGF is a dimeric glycoprotein formed by two A chains (AA), two B chains (BB), or as a heterodimer with an A and a B chain (AB). The PDGF dimer binds the cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Cytokines for polarizing human T cells into Th9 cells. Th9 cells are a unique subset of T helper cells that produce IL-9. An important function of IL-9 producing T cells is fighting inflammation and helminth infections. Th9 cells can be generated from naive CD4+ T cells in culture by culturing them in the presence of IL-4 and TGF-β 1. It also appears that IFNγ and IL-27 can inhibit the generation of Th9 cells.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-ƴ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Growth hormone (GH) is an important mitogenic growth factor that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. GH stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration. In children, GH deficiencies can cause short stature, growth failure, and delayed sexual maturity. Adult GH deficiency presents with reduced lean body mass, increased adiposity, reduced muscle strength, and ultimately premature mortality. GH replacement therapy is used to treat many growth disorders, including Turner syndrome, chronic renal failure, and Prader–Willi syndrome.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF-α signal activation occurs through two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 is expressed on most cell types, unlike TNFR2, which is expressed mainly on immune cells. TNF-α functions to stimulate phagocytosis in macrophages, chemoattract neutrophils, increase insulin resistance, and induce fever.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines. TRAIL is widely produced by a variety of cell types including tumor cells, smooth muscle of the lung and spleen, cerebellar glial cells, and thyroid follicular cells. TRAIL is a cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis in tumor cells through the activation of the death receptors DR4 and DR5. TRAIL also binds the neutralizing decoy receptors, DcR1 and DcR2. Human TRAIL is active on mouse cells.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) cytokine family and is produced by B cells and monocytes. IL-19 binds the interleukin 20 receptor complex (IL-20R) to activate STAT3 signaling. IL-19 induces interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in monocytes, and promotes type 2 T helper (Th2) cell-mediated immune responses. IL-19 production is upregulated in resting monocytes following granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis.  PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and EGF signaling.  PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Interleukin 29 (IL-29), also known as IFN-λ, is a type III interferon produced by virally infected cells. IL-29 plays an important role in host defenses against microbes and antiviral activity. IL-29 shares homology with interleukin 28 (IL-28) and binds the class II cytokine receptor IL-28R.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), or CXCL11, is expressed at high levels in leukocytes, pancreas, and liver cells. I-TAC gene expression is induced by interferons alpha (IFN-α), beta (IFN-β), and gamma (IFN-ɣ). I-TAC is the dominant ligand known to bind the chemokine receptor CXCR3, thus acting as a stronge agonist. I-TAC functions as a chemoattractant for interleukin 2 (IL-2)-activated T cells.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is expressed in type 2 T helper (Th2) cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. IL-5 acts through the IL-5 receptor (IL-5R), stimulates B cell growth, and mediates eosinophil activation. IL-5 expression is regulated by the GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) transcription factor. Human and mouse IL-5 show cross-reactivity.