You searched for: Antibodies

Supplier: Genetex

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fibre is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. Covalent modifications of the canonical core histones, including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and monoubiquitination, are used to mark nucleosomes to create chromatin domains with a range of functions. The information encoded by the modifications can contribute to the formation and/or maintenance of transcriptionally active and inactive chromatin in response to various signalling pathways. A diverse and elaborate array of post-translational modifications including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and ADP-ribosylation occurs on the N-terminal tail domains of histones. Phosphorylation of histone H3, referred to as the nucleosomal response, is localized to a small fraction of highly acetylated H3 and occurs primarily in response to mitogenic and stress stimuli.2, 3, 9-12 Phosphorylation of histone H3 on S10 is tightly correlated with chromosome condensation during both mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at this site is also directly correlated with the induction of immediate-early genes such as c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Produced through a multi-stage process that includes delipidation, salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. No contaminating proteins are observed when assayed at a protein concentration of 20mg/mL against anti-whole serum or anti-fragment specific antisera. All immunoglobulin fragments are prepared from highly purified, whole molecules subject to enzymatic digestion.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Peroxidase Conjugated Horse IgG F(c) Fragment

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Produced through a multi-stage process that includes delipidation, salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. No contaminating proteins are observed when assayed at a protein concentration of 20mg/mL against anti-whole serum or anti-fragment specific antisera. All immunoglobulin fragments are prepared from highly purified, whole molecules subject to enzymatic digestion.

Supplier: Prosci

Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G-E-R in collagen. Integrins alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-3/beta-1, alpha-4/beta-1, alpha-5/beta-1, alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1, alpha-11/beta-1 and alpha-V/beta-1 are receptors for fibronectin. Alpha-4/beta-1 recognizes one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. Integrin alpha-5/beta-1 is a receptor for fibrinogen. Integrin alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-6/beta-1 and alpha-7/beta-1 are receptors for lamimin. Integrin alpha-4/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1. It recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha-9/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1, cytotactin and osteopontin. It recognizes the sequence A-E-I-D-G-I-E-L in cytotactin. Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 is a receptor for epiligrin, thrombospondin and CSPG4. Alpha-3/beta-1 may mediate with LGALS3 the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Integrin alpha-V/beta-1 is a receptor for vitronectin. Beta-1 integrins recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Isoform beta-1B interferes with isoform beta-1A resulting in a dominant negative effect on cell adhesion and migration (in vitro). In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. When associated with alpha-7/beta-1 integrin, regulates cell adhesion and laminin matrix deposition. Involved in promoting endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. May be involved in up-regulation of the activity of kinases such as PKC via binding to KRT1. Together with KRT1 and GNB2L1/RACK1, serves as a platform for SRC activation or inactivation. Plays a mechanistic adhesive role during telophase, required for the successful completion of cytokinesis

Supplier: Bioss

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands such as CXCL12, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid. May also act downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Required in different signaling pathways for stable platelet adhesion and aggregation. Plays a role in platelet activation signaling triggered by GPCRs, alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) and ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing receptors such as GP6. Regulates the strength of adhesion of ITGA2B/ ITGB3 activated receptors necessary for the cellular transmission of contractile forces. Required for platelet aggregation induced by F2 (thrombin) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Has a role in cell survival. May have a role in cell migration. Involved in the early stage of autophagosome formation. Modulates the intracellular level of PtdIns3P (Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) and activates PIK3C3 kinase activity. May act as a scaffold, independently of its lipid kinase activity to positively regulate autophagy. May have a role in insulin signaling as scaffolding protein in which the lipid kinase activity is not required. May have a kinase-independent function in regulating cell proliferation and in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mediator of oncogenic signal in cell lines lacking PTEN. The lipid kinase activity is necessary for its role in oncogenic transformation. Required for the growth of ERBB2 and RAS driven tumors.

Supplier: Bioss

Plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle by modulating the centrosome cycle as well as mitotic onset; promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. Phosphorylates PARVA/actopaxin, APC, AMPH, APC, BARD1, Bcl-xL/BCL2L1, BRCA2, CALD1, CASP8, CDC7, CDC20, CDC25A, CDC25C, CC2D1A, CSNK2 proteins/CKII, FZR1/CDH1, CDK7, CEBPB, CHAMP1, DMD/dystrophin, EEF1 proteins/EF-1, EZH2, KIF11/EG5, EGFR, FANCG, FOS, GFAP, GOLGA2/GM130, GRASP1, UBE2A/hHR6A, HIST1H1 proteins/histone H1, HMGA1, HIVEP3/KRC, LMNA, LMNB, LMNC, LBR, LATS1, MAP1B, MAP4, MARCKS, MCM2, MCM4, MKLP1, MYB, NEFH, NFIC, NPC/nuclear pore complex, PITPNM1/NIR2, NPM1, NCL, NUCKS1, NPM1/numatrin, ORC1, PRKAR2A, EEF1E1/p18, EIF3F/p47, p53/TP53, NONO/p54NRB, PAPOLA, PLEC/plectin, RB1, UL40/R2, RAB4A, RAP1GAP, RCC1, RPS6KB1/S6K1, KHDRBS1/SAM68, ESPL1, SKI, BIRC5/survivin, STIP1, TEX14, beta-tubulins, MAPT/TAU, NEDD1, VIM/vimentin, TK1, FOXO1, RUNX1/AML1, SIRT2 and RUNX2. CDK1/CDC2-cyclin-B controls pronuclear union in interphase fertilized eggs. Essential for early stages of embryonic development. During G2 and early mitosis, CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation activates CDK1/cyclin complexes which phosphorylate several substrates that trigger at least centrosome separation, Golgi dynamics, nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome condensation. Once chromosomes are condensed and aligned at the metaphase plate, CDK1 activity is switched off by WEE1- and PKMYT1-mediated phosphorylation to allow sister chromatid separation, chromosome decondensation, reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinesis. Inactivated by PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage to stop cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint thus facilitating DNA repair.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

This antibody is predicted to react with non-human primate based on sequence homology. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is a key molecule in the regulation of cell-surface plasminogen activation and plays an important role in many normal as well as pathologic processes. The human PLAUR cDNA encodes 335 amino acids including a predicted signal peptide of 22 residues and a hydrophobic C-terminal portion. It produces a highly glycosylated protein of about 50 kD in monocytes where it is anchored to the plasma membrane by glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage. PLAUR, also known as UPAR, is directly associated with the carbohydrate-binding domain of SELL in the membrane of neutrophils, an association analogous to that between PLAUR and beta-2 integrins. PLAUR-mediated calcium mobilization is SELL dependent. UPAR mRNA levels correlate with the invasive potential of endometrial carcinomas and show a 33-fold increase in UPAR mRNA levels in advanced clinical stage endometrial tumors compared with normal endometrial tissue. Furthermore, the increase in UPAR mRNA levels correlated linearly with the progression of disease stage. UPAR protein expressioin correlated positively with rate of recurrence and mortality in patients with endometrial cancer. UPAR appears to be a useful prognostic marker for advanced endometrial cancer.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

This antibody is predicted to react with mouse based on sequence homology. This gene is a member of the H/ACA snoRNPs gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been classified into two families: C/D and H/ACA. The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the NOLA1, 2 and 3 proteins. The protein encoded by this gene and the three NOLA proteins localize to the dense fibrillar components of nucleoli and to coiled bodies in the nucleus. Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. The protein encoded by this gene is related to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cbf5p and Drosophila melanogaster Nop60B proteins. The gene lies in a tail-to-tail orientation with the palmitoylated erythrocyte membrane protein gene and is transcribed in a telomere to centromere direction. Both nucleotide substitutions and single trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms have been found in this gene. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked dyskeratosis congenita, a disease resulting in reticulate skin pigmentation, mucosal leukoplakia, nail dystrophy, and progressive bone marrow failure in most cases. Mutations in this gene also cause Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, which is a more severe form of dyskeratosis congenita. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

NANOS1 is a protein that belongs to the nanos family. The C terminus contains a conserved RNA-binding domain that consists of two zinc fingers. Nanos-type zinc finger is composed of two C2HC motifs, each motif binds one molecule of zinc. It is essential for the translation repression activity of the protein. The zinc finger region of NANOS1 shares 62% identity with the zinc finger region of Drosophila Nanos. It is required for the development of germ stem cells in both the sexes. It may regulate translation of specific mRNAs by forming a complex with PUM2. A region of PUM2 that include the RNA-binding domain and 155 upstream amino acids interacted with the zinc finger domain of NANOS1. NANOS1 is expressed during meiosis in spermatocytes but is absent in late post meiotic-stage germ cells. Northern blot analysis shows its almost exclusive expression on testis. It is also expressed in fetal testis and fetal ovary. It is essential for both establishing and maintaining germline stem cells by preventing their precocious entry into oogenesis. Removing NANOS from germline stem cells or their precursors, the primordial germ cells, causes both cell types to differentiate into germline cysts.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

The human AF9 gene is one of the most common fusion partner genes with the ALL1 gene at 11q23 (also called MLL), resulting in the t(9;11)(p22;q23). The AF9 gene is more than 100 kb, and 2 patient breakpoint cluster regions (BCRs) have been identified; BCR1 is within intron 4, previously called site A, whereas BCR2 or site B spans introns 7 and 8. Several different structural elements have been identified in AF9, including a colocalizing in vivo DNA topo II cleavage site and an in vitro DNase I hypersensitive (DNase 1 HS) site in intron 7 in BCR2. Reversibility experiments demonstrated a religation of the topo II cleavage sites. In addition, 2 scaffold associated regions (SARs) are located centromeric to the topo II and DNase I HS cleavage sites and border breakpoint regions in 2 leukemic cells lines: SAR1 is located in intron 4, whereas SAR2 encompasses parts of exons 5-7. The patient breakpoint regions of AF9 share the same structural elements as the MLL BCR. A DNA breakage and repair model for nonhomologous recombination between MLL and its partner genes, particularly AF9, has been proposed.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

Peroxisome proliferators are non-genotoxic carcinogens which are purported to exert their effect on cells through their interaction with members of the nuclear hormone receptor family termed peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR’s). Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-dependent intracellular proteins that stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to specific DNA sequences following activation by the appropriate ligand. Studies indicate that PPAR’s are activated by peroxisome proliferators such as clofibric acid, nafenopin, and WY- 14,643, as well as by some fatty acids. It has also been shown that PPAR’s can induce transcription of acyl coenzyme A oxidase & cytochrome P450 (CYP450) A6 through interaction with specific response elements. The PPAR gamma 2 isoform appears to be induced very early in the differentiation of several cultured adipocyte cell lines, and has been suggested to be a dominant regulator of the murine P2 (aP2) gene which encodes an intracellular lipid binding protein which is expressed only in adipose cells. PPAR gamma 2, like several other nuclear hormone receptors, heterodimerizes with RXR alpha.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. Binds to DNA tandem repeat sequences in both telomeres and euchromatin and in vitro binds DNA quadruplex structures. May help stabilizing G-rich regions into regular chromatin structures by remodeling G4 DNA and incorporating H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Catalytic component of the chromatin remodeling complex ATRX:DAXX which has ATP-dependent DNA translocase activity and catalyzes the replication-independent deposition of histone H3.3 in pericentric DNA repeats outside S-phase and telomeres, and the in vitro remodeling of H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Its heterochromatin targeting is proposed to involve a combinatorial readout of histone H3 modifications (specifically methylation states of H3K9 and H3K4) and association with CBX5. Involved in maintaining telomere structural integrity in embryonic stem cells which probably implies recruitment of CBX5 to telomers. Reports on the involvement in transcriptional regulation of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) are conflicting; according to a report, it is not sufficient to decrease chromatin condensation at telomers nor to increase expression of telomeric RNA in fibroblasts (PubMed:24500201). May be involved in telomere maintenance via recombination in ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) cell lines. Acts as negative regulator of chromatin incorporation of transcriptionally repressive histone H2AFY, particularily at telomeres and the alpha-globin cluster in erythroleukemic cells. Participates in the allele-specific gene expression at the imprinted IGF2/H19 gene locus. On the maternal allele, required for the chromatin occupancy of SMC1 and CTCTF within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and involved in esatblishment of histone tails modifications in the ICR. May be involved in brain development and facial morphogenesis. Binds to zinc-finger coding genes with atypical chromatin signatures and regulates its H3K9me3 levels. Forms a complex with ZNF274, TRIM28 and SETDB1 to facilitate the deposition and maintenance of H3K9me3 at the 3' exons of zinc-finger genes (PubMed:27029610).

Supplier: Bioss

β-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a β-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar. There are seven members of the β-1,4-Gal-T family, all of which are directed to the golgi apparatus through a hydrophobic sequence at the N-terminus. β-1,4-Gal-T7, also known as B4GALT7 or XGALT1, is a 327 amino acid single-pass type II membrane protein that is expressed at high levels in heart, pancreas and liver. β-1,4-Gal-T7 uses manganese to catalyze the UDP-dependent biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids. The gene encoding β-1,4-Gal-T7 is mutated in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome progeroid type (EDSP), a variant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by progeroid facies, mild mental retardation, short stature, skin hyperextensibility, moderate skin fragility, joint hypermobility principally in digits.β-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a ∫-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar. There are seven members of the β-1,4-Gal-T family, all of which are directed to the golgi apparatus through a hydrophobic sequence at the N-terminus. β-1,4-Gal-T7, also known as B4GALT7 or XGALT1, is a 327 amino acid single-pass type II membrane protein that is expressed at high levels in heart, pancreas and liver. β-1,4-Gal-T7 uses manganese to catalyze the UDP-dependent biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids. The gene encoding β-1,4-Gal-T7 is mutated in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome progeroid type (EDSP), a variant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by progeroid facies, mild mental retardation, short stature, skin hyperextensibility, moderate skin fragility, joint hypermobility principally in digits.-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a ∫-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar.

Supplier: Genetex

ZAP70, a 70 kDa member of the Syk tyrosine kinase family, plays a central role in lymphocyte activation and development, and is implicated in several immune disorders. Upon T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement, ZAP70 is phosphorylated on tyrosines 292, 315 and 319 in the interdomain B, located between the SH2 and kinase domains. Phosphorylation of both tyrosines 315 (a Vav binding site) and 319 (a Lck binding site) enhances ZAP70 function in mediating lymphocyte signaling, while tyrosine 292 terminates the transient activation of ZAP70 and attentuates lymphocyte signaling. Phosphorylation of tyrosines 315 and 319 plays an important role in mediating the positive and negative selection of T cells in thymus.Mutations in ZAP70 gene results in a form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID) in humans. ZAP70 expression also defines a subset of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in patients with unmutated Ig gene and poor clinical course. Recent studies suggest that protein levels of ZAP70 are elevated in B cells of CLL patients with non mutant heavy chain variable region (IgVH) but not those with the mutant regions. Recent evidence suggests that ZAP70 could be an excellent prognostic biomarker with high levels of the proteins indicating a poor prognosis.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

PTEN, (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), also known as MMAC1 (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1), is a tumor suppressor implicated in a large number of human tumors. The PTEN phosphatase incorporates the catalytic motif (HCXXGXXRS/T) that is a signature of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. Recombinant human PTEN is a dual phosphatase with ability to dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. PTEN functions primarily as a lipid phosphatase to regulate signal transduction pathways, with a primary target identified as phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate. In addition, PTEN presents weak tyrosine phosphatase activity, which may downregulate signaling pathways involving focal adhesion kinase or Shc. PTEN negatively regulates activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB by blocking its phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting the PI 3 kinase Akt signaling pathway, which is important for cell survival. In vivo, the majority of PTEN missense mutations detected in tumor specimens target the phosphatase domain and cause a loss in PTEN phosphatase activity. Mutations in PTEN are associated with several common cancers including prostate, brain and breast cancer, and with Cowden's disease, an autosomal dominant disorder conferring susceptibility to benign and malignant tumors. Germline mutations of PTEN are also linked Lhermitte-Duclos disease and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome. Mutations of PTEN occur in 60 to 80% of prostate cancers. PTEN is also essential for embryonic development.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia , in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a 60 kDa antigen associated with the mitochondria in cells. It is a part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. It recognizes an antigen associated with the mitochondria in cells from a wide variety of animals, but not insects and bacteria. It can be used to stain the mitochondria in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a mitochondrial marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a spaghetti-like pattern in normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain mitochondria of cells in fixed or frozen tissue sections. It can also be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®405S is a blue fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 404/431 nm) with superior brightness compared to other blue dyes; it is also compatible with super-resolution imaging by SIM. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Secondary Sheep Anti-IgG (H&L) Reacts with Rat

Supplier: Bioss

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands such as CXCL12, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid. May also act downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Required in different signaling pathways for stable platelet adhesion and aggregation. Plays a role in platelet activation signaling triggered by GPCRs, alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) and ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing receptors such as GP6. Regulates the strength of adhesion of ITGA2B/ ITGB3 activated receptors necessary for the cellular transmission of contractile forces. Required for platelet aggregation induced by F2 (thrombin) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Has a role in cell survival. May have a role in cell migration. Involved in the early stage of autophagosome formation. Modulates the intracellular level of PtdIns3P (Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) and activates PIK3C3 kinase activity. May act as a scaffold, independently of its lipid kinase activity to positively regulate autophagy. May have a role in insulin signaling as scaffolding protein in which the lipid kinase activity is not required. May have a kinase-independent function in regulating cell proliferation and in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mediator of oncogenic signal in cell lines lacking PTEN. The lipid kinase activity is necessary for its role in oncogenic transformation. Required for the growth of ERBB2 and RAS driven tumors.

Supplier: Biotium

Laminins are large hetero-trimeric, non-collagenous glycoproteins composed of α, β, and γ chains. This MAb reacts with laminin B2/1 chain of ~210 kDa and does not cross-react with other basement membrane components or fibronectin. Its specificity was established by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence of human skeletal muscle and kidney with laminin chain-specific MAbs. Epithelial sheets in vivo are separated from the mesenchymal elements of the stroma by a thin layer of a specialized type of extracellular matrix termed the basement membrane (BM). This structure consists of individual components, some of which are ubiquitous in BMs and some are not. The ubiquitous ones comprise laminin (LN), entactin/nidogen (EN), collagen type IV (CIV), and large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which interact specifically with each other to form a continuous and regular BM. Alterations of BM integrity, from local discontinuities up to complete loss, are described in many types of human and animal epithelial neoplasms. This MAb stains uniformly all human and murine basement membranes.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®647 is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 650/665 nm) with excellent brightness. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. It is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk s and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma).

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®405S is a blue fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 404/431 nm) with superior brightness compared to other blue dyes; it is also compatible with super-resolution imaging by SIM. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.

Supplier: Bioss

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands such as CXCL12, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid. May also act downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Required in different signaling pathways for stable platelet adhesion and aggregation. Plays a role in platelet activation signaling triggered by GPCRs, alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) and ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing receptors such as GP6. Regulates the strength of adhesion of ITGA2B/ ITGB3 activated receptors necessary for the cellular transmission of contractile forces. Required for platelet aggregation induced by F2 (thrombin) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Has a role in cell survival. May have a role in cell migration. Involved in the early stage of autophagosome formation. Modulates the intracellular level of PtdIns3P (Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) and activates PIK3C3 kinase activity. May act as a scaffold, independently of its lipid kinase activity to positively regulate autophagy. May have a role in insulin signaling as scaffolding protein in which the lipid kinase activity is not required. May have a kinase-independent function in regulating cell proliferation and in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mediator of oncogenic signal in cell lines lacking PTEN. The lipid kinase activity is necessary for its role in oncogenic transformation. Required for the growth of ERBB2 and RAS driven tumors.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (PubMed:8706699). Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA (PubMed:7775413). Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA (PubMed:15707971). Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:14706345). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA (PubMed:18610840). Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protein OGG1 (PubMed:15518571). Enhances the uracil excision activity of UNG1 (PubMed:18973764). Also stimulates the cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone by APEX1 (PubMed:18973764). When located in the mitochondrion, reduces cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial DNA damage (PubMed:23911537). Has also been shown to negatively regulate DNA repair in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:17049931). Plays a role in regulating transcription as part of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex where it binds to the RELA/p65 subunit, enhances binding of the complex to DNA and promotes transcription of target genes (PubMed:18045535). Represses its own translation by binding to its cognate mRNA (PubMed:20217897). Binds to and protects TP53/p53 from MDM2-mediated ubiquitination (PubMed:19656744). Involved in spindle formation and chromosome movement during mitosis by regulating microtubule polymerization (PubMed:23131551). Involved in induction of apoptosis through its role in activation of CASP8 (PubMed:14988002). Induces neuronal apoptosis by interacting with the E2F1 transcription factor and acting synergistically with it to up-regulate pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2L11/BIM and HRK/Dp5 (PubMed:20605787). Interacts with TRADD following exposure to UV radiation and induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent JNK activation (PubMed:22510408).

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Fluorescein Conjugated Rat IgG F(ab')2 Fragment

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Peroxidase Conjugated Sheep IgG F(ab')2 Fragment

Supplier: Biotium

Pax genes contain paired domains with strong homology to genes in Drosophila, which are involved in programming early development. Lesions in the Pax-6 gene account for most cases of aniridia, a congenital malformation of the eye, chiefly characterized by iris hypoplasia, which can cause blindness. Pax-6 is involved in other anterior segment malformations besides aniridia, such as Peters anomaly, a major error in the embryonic development of the eye with corneal clouding with variable iridolenticulocorneal adhesions. The Pax-6 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that recognizes target genes through its paired-type DNA-binding domain. The paired domain is composed of two distinct DNA-binding subdomains, the amino-terminal subdomain and the carboxy-terminal subdomain, which bind respective consensus DNA sequences. The human Pax-6 gene produces two alternatively spliced isoforms that have the distinct structure of the paired domain.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®594 is a deep red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 593/614 nm). It yields the brightest conjugates among spectrally similar dyes, and has excellent photostability.

Supplier: Prosci

Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD (+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP (+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. IDH3A is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD (+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP (+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.

Supplier: Prosci

HNRPM belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. HNRPM has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. HNRPM also constitutes a monomer of the N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor which is postulated to trigger selective recycling of immature GlcNAc-bearing thyroglobulin molecules.This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. This protein also constitutes a monomer of the N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor which is postulated to trigger selective recycling of immature GlcNAc-bearing thyroglobulin molecules. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants are known for this gene but only two transcripts has been isolated.

Supplier: Prosci

RBL1 is similar in sequence and possibly function to the product of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene. The RB1 gene product is a tumor suppressor protein that appears to be involved in cell cycle regulation, as it is phosphorylated in the S to M phase transition and is dephosphorylated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both the RB1 protein and the product of this gene can form a complex with adenovirus E1A protein and SV40 large T-antigen, with the SV40 large T-antigen binding only to the unphosphorylated form of each protein. In addition, both proteins can inhibit the transcription of cell cycle genes containing E2F binding sites in their promoters. Due to the sequence and biochemical similarities with the RB1 protein, it is thought that the protein encoded by this gene may also be a tumor suppressor. The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence and possibly function to the product of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene. The RB1 gene product is a tumor suppressor protein that appears to be involved in cell cycle regulation, as it is phosphorylated in the S to M phase transition and is dephosphorylated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both the RB1 protein and the product of this gene can form a complex with adenovirus E1A protein and SV40 large T-antigen, with the SV40 large T-antigen binding only to the unphosphorylated form of each protein. In addition, both proteins can inhibit the transcription of cell cycle genes containing E2F binding sites in their promoters. Due to the sequence and biochemical similarities with the RB1 protein, it is thought that the protein encoded by this gene may also be a tumor suppressor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.