You searched for: Antibodies

Supplier: Bioss

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands such as CXCL12, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid. May also act downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Required in different signaling pathways for stable platelet adhesion and aggregation. Plays a role in platelet activation signaling triggered by GPCRs, alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) and ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing receptors such as GP6. Regulates the strength of adhesion of ITGA2B/ ITGB3 activated receptors necessary for the cellular transmission of contractile forces. Required for platelet aggregation induced by F2 (thrombin) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Has a role in cell survival. May have a role in cell migration. Involved in the early stage of autophagosome formation. Modulates the intracellular level of PtdIns3P (Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) and activates PIK3C3 kinase activity. May act as a scaffold, independently of its lipid kinase activity to positively regulate autophagy. May have a role in insulin signaling as scaffolding protein in which the lipid kinase activity is not required. May have a kinase-independent function in regulating cell proliferation and in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mediator of oncogenic signal in cell lines lacking PTEN. The lipid kinase activity is necessary for its role in oncogenic transformation. Required for the growth of ERBB2 and RAS driven tumors.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

PA5-16363 targets Androgen Receptor in IP and WB applications and shows reactivity with mouse, Rat, and Human samples. The PA5-16363 immunogen is a synthetic peptide derived from N-terminus of rat AR. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) is reportedly inversely correlated with histologic grade i.e. well differentiated prostate tumors show higher expression than the poorly differentiated tumors. In prostate cancer, AR has been proposed as a marker of hormone-responsiveness.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Secondary Rabbit Anti-IgG (H&L) Reacts with Hamster

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. PKC beta is one of the PKC family members. This protein kinase has been reported to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as B cell activation, apoptosis induction, endothelial cell proliferation, and intestinal sugar absorption. Studies in mice also suggest that this kinase may also regulate neuronal functions and correlate fear-induced conflict behavior after stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. Isoform 1 uses an alternate exon at the 3' end compared to isoform 2, which includes a part of the coding region. The resulting isoform 1 has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, as compared to isoform 2.

Supplier: Bioss

β-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a β-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar. There are seven members of the β-1,4-Gal-T family, all of which are directed to the golgi apparatus through a hydrophobic sequence at the N-terminus. β-1,4-Gal-T7, also known as B4GALT7 or XGALT1, is a 327 amino acid single-pass type II membrane protein that is expressed at high levels in heart, pancreas and liver. β-1,4-Gal-T7 uses manganese to catalyze the UDP-dependent biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids. The gene encoding β-1,4-Gal-T7 is mutated in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome progeroid type (EDSP), a variant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by progeroid facies, mild mental retardation, short stature, skin hyperextensibility, moderate skin fragility, joint hypermobility principally in digits.β-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a ∫-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar. There are seven members of the β-1,4-Gal-T family, all of which are directed to the golgi apparatus through a hydrophobic sequence at the N-terminus. β-1,4-Gal-T7, also known as B4GALT7 or XGALT1, is a 327 amino acid single-pass type II membrane protein that is expressed at high levels in heart, pancreas and liver. β-1,4-Gal-T7 uses manganese to catalyze the UDP-dependent biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids. The gene encoding β-1,4-Gal-T7 is mutated in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome progeroid type (EDSP), a variant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by progeroid facies, mild mental retardation, short stature, skin hyperextensibility, moderate skin fragility, joint hypermobility principally in digits.-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a ∫-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar.

Supplier: Genetex

ZAP70, a 70 kDa member of the Syk tyrosine kinase family, plays a central role in lymphocyte activation and development, and is implicated in several immune disorders. Upon T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement, ZAP70 is phosphorylated on tyrosines 292, 315 and 319 in the interdomain B, located between the SH2 and kinase domains. Phosphorylation of both tyrosines 315 (a Vav binding site) and 319 (a Lck binding site) enhances ZAP70 function in mediating lymphocyte signaling, while tyrosine 292 terminates the transient activation of ZAP70 and attentuates lymphocyte signaling. Phosphorylation of tyrosines 315 and 319 plays an important role in mediating the positive and negative selection of T cells in thymus.Mutations in ZAP70 gene results in a form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID) in humans. ZAP70 expression also defines a subset of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in patients with unmutated Ig gene and poor clinical course. Recent studies suggest that protein levels of ZAP70 are elevated in B cells of CLL patients with non mutant heavy chain variable region (IgVH) but not those with the mutant regions. Recent evidence suggests that ZAP70 could be an excellent prognostic biomarker with high levels of the proteins indicating a poor prognosis.

Supplier: Bioss

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands such as CXCL12, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid. May also act downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Required in different signaling pathways for stable platelet adhesion and aggregation. Plays a role in platelet activation signaling triggered by GPCRs, alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) and ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing receptors such as GP6. Regulates the strength of adhesion of ITGA2B/ ITGB3 activated receptors necessary for the cellular transmission of contractile forces. Required for platelet aggregation induced by F2 (thrombin) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Has a role in cell survival. May have a role in cell migration. Involved in the early stage of autophagosome formation. Modulates the intracellular level of PtdIns3P (Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) and activates PIK3C3 kinase activity. May act as a scaffold, independently of its lipid kinase activity to positively regulate autophagy. May have a role in insulin signaling as scaffolding protein in which the lipid kinase activity is not required. May have a kinase-independent function in regulating cell proliferation and in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mediator of oncogenic signal in cell lines lacking PTEN. The lipid kinase activity is necessary for its role in oncogenic transformation. Required for the growth of ERBB2 and RAS driven tumors.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

This antibody is predicted to react with non-human primate based on sequence homology. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is a key molecule in the regulation of cell-surface plasminogen activation and plays an important role in many normal as well as pathologic processes. The human PLAUR cDNA encodes 335 amino acids including a predicted signal peptide of 22 residues and a hydrophobic C-terminal portion. It produces a highly glycosylated protein of about 50 kD in monocytes where it is anchored to the plasma membrane by glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage. PLAUR, also known as UPAR, is directly associated with the carbohydrate-binding domain of SELL in the membrane of neutrophils, an association analogous to that between PLAUR and beta-2 integrins. PLAUR-mediated calcium mobilization is SELL dependent. UPAR mRNA levels correlate with the invasive potential of endometrial carcinomas and show a 33-fold increase in UPAR mRNA levels in advanced clinical stage endometrial tumors compared with normal endometrial tissue. Furthermore, the increase in UPAR mRNA levels correlated linearly with the progression of disease stage. UPAR protein expressioin correlated positively with rate of recurrence and mortality in patients with endometrial cancer. UPAR appears to be a useful prognostic marker for advanced endometrial cancer.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (PubMed:8706699). Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA (PubMed:7775413). Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA (PubMed:15707971). Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:14706345). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA (PubMed:18610840). Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protein OGG1 (PubMed:15518571). Enhances the uracil excision activity of UNG1 (PubMed:18973764). Also stimulates the cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone by APEX1 (PubMed:18973764). When located in the mitochondrion, reduces cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial DNA damage (PubMed:23911537). Has also been shown to negatively regulate DNA repair in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:17049931). Plays a role in regulating transcription as part of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex where it binds to the RELA/p65 subunit, enhances binding of the complex to DNA and promotes transcription of target genes (PubMed:18045535). Represses its own translation by binding to its cognate mRNA (PubMed:20217897). Binds to and protects TP53/p53 from MDM2-mediated ubiquitination (PubMed:19656744). Involved in spindle formation and chromosome movement during mitosis by regulating microtubule polymerization (PubMed:23131551). Involved in induction of apoptosis through its role in activation of CASP8 (PubMed:14988002). Induces neuronal apoptosis by interacting with the E2F1 transcription factor and acting synergistically with it to up-regulate pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2L11/BIM and HRK/Dp5 (PubMed:20605787). Interacts with TRADD following exposure to UV radiation and induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent JNK activation (PubMed:22510408).

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a 60 kDa antigen associated with the mitochondria in cells. It is a part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. It recognizes an antigen associated with the mitochondria in cells from a wide variety of animals, but not insects and bacteria. It can be used to stain the mitochondria in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a mitochondrial marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a spaghetti-like pattern in normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain mitochondria of cells in fixed or frozen tissue sections. It can also be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®405S is a blue fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 404/431 nm) with superior brightness compared to other blue dyes; it is also compatible with super-resolution imaging by SIM. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Secondary Goat Anti-IgG F(ab')2 Reacts with Mouse

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

This antibody is predicted to react with mouse based on sequence homology. This gene is a member of the H/ACA snoRNPs gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been classified into two families: C/D and H/ACA. The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the NOLA1, 2 and 3 proteins. The protein encoded by this gene and the three NOLA proteins localize to the dense fibrillar components of nucleoli and to coiled bodies in the nucleus. Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. The protein encoded by this gene is related to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cbf5p and Drosophila melanogaster Nop60B proteins. The gene lies in a tail-to-tail orientation with the palmitoylated erythrocyte membrane protein gene and is transcribed in a telomere to centromere direction. Both nucleotide substitutions and single trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms have been found in this gene. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked dyskeratosis congenita, a disease resulting in reticulate skin pigmentation, mucosal leukoplakia, nail dystrophy, and progressive bone marrow failure in most cases. Mutations in this gene also cause Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, which is a more severe form of dyskeratosis congenita. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Bioss

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands such as CXCL12, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid. May also act downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Required in different signaling pathways for stable platelet adhesion and aggregation. Plays a role in platelet activation signaling triggered by GPCRs, alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) and ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing receptors such as GP6. Regulates the strength of adhesion of ITGA2B/ ITGB3 activated receptors necessary for the cellular transmission of contractile forces. Required for platelet aggregation induced by F2 (thrombin) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Has a role in cell survival. May have a role in cell migration. Involved in the early stage of autophagosome formation. Modulates the intracellular level of PtdIns3P (Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) and activates PIK3C3 kinase activity. May act as a scaffold, independently of its lipid kinase activity to positively regulate autophagy. May have a role in insulin signaling as scaffolding protein in which the lipid kinase activity is not required. May have a kinase-independent function in regulating cell proliferation and in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mediator of oncogenic signal in cell lines lacking PTEN. The lipid kinase activity is necessary for its role in oncogenic transformation. Required for the growth of ERBB2 and RAS driven tumors.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Fluorescein Conjugated Rat IgG F(ab')2 Fragment

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Peroxidase Conjugated Sheep IgG F(ab')2 Fragment

Supplier: Biotium

Laminins are large hetero-trimeric, non-collagenous glycoproteins composed of α, β, and γ chains. This MAb reacts with laminin B2/1 chain of ~210 kDa and does not cross-react with other basement membrane components or fibronectin. Its specificity was established by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence of human skeletal muscle and kidney with laminin chain-specific MAbs. Epithelial sheets in vivo are separated from the mesenchymal elements of the stroma by a thin layer of a specialized type of extracellular matrix termed the basement membrane (BM). This structure consists of individual components, some of which are ubiquitous in BMs and some are not. The ubiquitous ones comprise laminin (LN), entactin/nidogen (EN), collagen type IV (CIV), and large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which interact specifically with each other to form a continuous and regular BM. Alterations of BM integrity, from local discontinuities up to complete loss, are described in many types of human and animal epithelial neoplasms. This MAb stains uniformly all human and murine basement membranes.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®647 is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 650/665 nm) with excellent brightness. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM.

Supplier: Prosci

Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD (+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP (+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. IDH3A is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD (+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP (+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.

Supplier: Prosci

HNRPM belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. HNRPM has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. HNRPM also constitutes a monomer of the N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor which is postulated to trigger selective recycling of immature GlcNAc-bearing thyroglobulin molecules.This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. This protein also constitutes a monomer of the N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor which is postulated to trigger selective recycling of immature GlcNAc-bearing thyroglobulin molecules. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants are known for this gene but only two transcripts has been isolated.

Supplier: Prosci

RBL1 is similar in sequence and possibly function to the product of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene. The RB1 gene product is a tumor suppressor protein that appears to be involved in cell cycle regulation, as it is phosphorylated in the S to M phase transition and is dephosphorylated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both the RB1 protein and the product of this gene can form a complex with adenovirus E1A protein and SV40 large T-antigen, with the SV40 large T-antigen binding only to the unphosphorylated form of each protein. In addition, both proteins can inhibit the transcription of cell cycle genes containing E2F binding sites in their promoters. Due to the sequence and biochemical similarities with the RB1 protein, it is thought that the protein encoded by this gene may also be a tumor suppressor. The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence and possibly function to the product of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene. The RB1 gene product is a tumor suppressor protein that appears to be involved in cell cycle regulation, as it is phosphorylated in the S to M phase transition and is dephosphorylated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both the RB1 protein and the product of this gene can form a complex with adenovirus E1A protein and SV40 large T-antigen, with the SV40 large T-antigen binding only to the unphosphorylated form of each protein. In addition, both proteins can inhibit the transcription of cell cycle genes containing E2F binding sites in their promoters. Due to the sequence and biochemical similarities with the RB1 protein, it is thought that the protein encoded by this gene may also be a tumor suppressor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

ATP2B4 belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. ATP2B4 is the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Supplier: Prosci

RFX4 is a transcription factors that contain a highly-conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. RFX4 is structurally related to regulatory factors X1, X2, X3, and X5. It has been shown to interact with itself as well as with regulatory factors X2 and X3, but it does not interact with regulatory factor X1. RFX4 may be a transcriptional repressor rather than a transcriptional activator.This gene is a member of the regulatory factor X gene family, which encodes transcription factors that contain a highly-conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to regulatory factors X1, X2, X3, and X5. It has been shown to interact with itself as well as with regulatory factors X2 and X3, but it does not interact with regulatory factor X1. This protein may be a transcriptional repressor rather than a transcriptional activator. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.This gene is a member of the regulatory factor X gene family, which encodes transcription factors that contain a highly-conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to regulatory factors X1, X2, X3, and X5. It has been shown to interact with itself as well as with regulatory factors X2 and X3, but it does not interact with regulatory factor X1. This protein may be a transcriptional repressor rather than a transcriptional activator. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. It is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk s and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma).

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®405S is a blue fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 404/431 nm) with superior brightness compared to other blue dyes; it is also compatible with super-resolution imaging by SIM. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.

Supplier: Genetex

The 90kDa molecular chaperone family comprises several proteins including the 90kDa heat shock protein, Hsp90 and the 94kDa glucose regulated protein, grp94 which are major molecular chaperones of the cytosol and of the endoplasmic reticulum. In mammalian cells there are at least two Hsp90 isoforms, Hsp90a and hsp90s which are encoded by separate genes. The amino acid sequence of human and yeast Hsp90a is 85% and 90% homologous to that of Hsp90s respectively. All known members of the Hsp90 protein family are highly conserved, especially in the N terminal and C terminal regions which have been shown to contain independent chaperone sites with different substrate specificity. These ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins account for 1-2% of all cellular proteins in most cells. Hsp90 is part of the cell's powerful network of chaperones to fight the deleterious consequences of protein unfolding caused by nonphysiological conditions. However, in the absence of stress, Hsp90 is a necessary component of fundamental cellular processes such as hormone signaling and cell cycle control. In this context several key regulatory proteins such as steriod receptors, cell cycle kinases involved in signal transduction and p53 have been identified as substrates of Hsp90. It has been suggested that Hsp90 acts as a capacitor for morphological evolution by buffering widespread variation, which may affect morphogenic pathways.

Supplier: Biotium

Pax genes contain paired domains with strong homology to genes in Drosophila, which are involved in programming early development. Lesions in the Pax-6 gene account for most cases of aniridia, a congenital malformation of the eye, chiefly characterized by iris hypoplasia, which can cause blindness. Pax-6 is involved in other anterior segment malformations besides aniridia, such as Peters anomaly, a major error in the embryonic development of the eye with corneal clouding with variable iridolenticulocorneal adhesions. The Pax-6 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that recognizes target genes through its paired-type DNA-binding domain. The paired domain is composed of two distinct DNA-binding subdomains, the amino-terminal subdomain and the carboxy-terminal subdomain, which bind respective consensus DNA sequences. The human Pax-6 gene produces two alternatively spliced isoforms that have the distinct structure of the paired domain.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®594 is a deep red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 593/614 nm). It yields the brightest conjugates among spectrally similar dyes, and has excellent photostability.

Supplier: Biotium

MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine-zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor that regulates the development and survival of melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium, and also is involved in transcription of pigmentation enzyme genes such as tyrosinase TRP1 and TRP2. MITF has been shown to be phosphorylated by MAP kinase in response to c-kit activation, resulting in upregulation of MITF transcriptional activity. Mutations of the MITF gene are associated with the autosomal dominant hereditary deafness and pigmentation condition, Waardenburg Syndrome type 2A. Multiple isoforms of MITF exist, including MITF-A, MITF-B, MITF-C, MITF-H, and MITF-M, which differ in the amino-terminal domain and in their expression patterns. The MITF-M isoform is restricted to the melanocyte cell lineage. This MAb recognizes a nuclear protein, which is expressed in the majority of primary and metastatic epithelioid malignant melanomas as well as in normal melanocytes, benign nevi and dysplastic nevi.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®568 is a red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 562/583 nm) with superior brightness and photostability. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM and TIRF.

Supplier: Biotium

MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine-zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor that regulates the development and survival of melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium, and also is involved in transcription of pigmentation enzyme genes such as tyrosinase TRP1 and TRP2. MITF has been shown to be phosphorylated by MAP kinase in response to c-kit activation, resulting in upregulation of MITF transcriptional activity. Mutations of the MITF gene are associated with the autosomal dominant hereditary deafness and pigmentation condition, Waardenburg Syndrome type 2A. Multiple isoforms of MITF exist, including MITF-A, MITF-B, MITF-C, MITF-H, and MITF-M, which differ in the amino-terminal domain and in their expression patterns. The MITF-M isoform is restricted to the melanocyte cell lineage. This MAb recognizes a nuclear protein, which is expressed in the majority of primary and metastatic epithelioid malignant melanomas as well as in normal melanocytes, benign nevi and dysplastic nevi.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®594 is a deep red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 593/614 nm). It yields the brightest conjugates among spectrally similar dyes, and has excellent photostability.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a protein of 22 kDa, identified as β sub-unit of HCG. It does not cross react with the α sub-unit. HCG is a glycoprotein, which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The beta subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). hCG MAb detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate anti-hCG positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively. 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. hCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®640R is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 642/662 nm) with excellent brightness, and the best photostabiity among spectrally-similar dyes.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia , in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a protein of 22 kDa, identified as β sub-unit of HCG. It does not cross react with the α sub-unit. HCG is a glycoprotein, which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The beta subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). hCG MAb detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate anti-hCG positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively. 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. hCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®660R is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 663/682 nm) with superior brightness and unrivaled photostability among spectrally similar dyes.

Supplier: Bioss

β-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a β-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar. There are seven members of the β-1,4-Gal-T family, all of which are directed to the golgi apparatus through a hydrophobic sequence at the N-terminus. β-1,4-Gal-T7, also known as B4GALT7 or XGALT1, is a 327 amino acid single-pass type II membrane protein that is expressed at high levels in heart, pancreas and liver. β-1,4-Gal-T7 uses manganese to catalyze the UDP-dependent biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids. The gene encoding β-1,4-Gal-T7 is mutated in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome progeroid type (EDSP), a variant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by progeroid facies, mild mental retardation, short stature, skin hyperextensibility, moderate skin fragility, joint hypermobility principally in digits.β-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a ∫-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar. There are seven members of the β-1,4-Gal-T family, all of which are directed to the golgi apparatus through a hydrophobic sequence at the N-terminus. β-1,4-Gal-T7, also known as B4GALT7 or XGALT1, is a 327 amino acid single-pass type II membrane protein that is expressed at high levels in heart, pancreas and liver. β-1,4-Gal-T7 uses manganese to catalyze the UDP-dependent biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids. The gene encoding β-1,4-Gal-T7 is mutated in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome progeroid type (EDSP), a variant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by progeroid facies, mild mental retardation, short stature, skin hyperextensibility, moderate skin fragility, joint hypermobility principally in digits.-1,4-galactosyltransferases (β-1,4-Gal-T) are type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that are substrate-specific and function to transfer galactose in a ∫-1,4 linkage to an acceptor sugar.