28227 Résultats pour : "Biotium"

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Recognizes a glycoprotein of 44-88 kDa, which is identified as CD28. It is the critical T-cell co-stimulatory receptor which provides to the cell the important second activation signal by binding CD80 and CD86 that are expressed by antigen presenting cells. Besides its co-stimulation role, CD28 functions in preventing T-cells from anergic hyporesponsive state or from undergoing premature apoptotic cell death. CD28 is also expressed on human fetal NK cells and some NK cell lines, whereas on murine NK cells the CD28 expression is much broader.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a glycoprotein of 44-88 kDa, which is identified as CD28. It is the critical T-cell co-stimulatory receptor which provides to the cell the important second activation signal by binding CD80 and CD86 that are expressed by antigen presenting cells. Besides its co-stimulation role, CD28 functions in preventing T-cells from anergic hyporesponsive state or from undergoing premature apoptotic cell death. CD28 is also expressed on human fetal NK cells and some NK cell lines, whereas on murine NK cells the CD28 expression is much broader.

Supplier: Biotium

Cytochrome C is a well-characterized mobile electron transport protein that is essential to energy conversion in all aerobic organisms. In mammalian cells, this highly conserved protein is normally localized to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space. More recent studies have identified cytosolic cytochrome c as a factor necessary for activation of apoptosis. During apoptosis, cytochrome c is trans-located from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol, where it is required for activation of caspase-3 (CPP32). Overexpression of Bcl-2 has been shown to prevent the translocation of cytochrome c, thereby blocking the apoptotic process. Overexpression of Bax has been shown to induce the release of cytochrome c and to induce cell death. The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria is thought to trigger an apoptotic cascade, whereby Apaf-1 binds to Apaf-3 (caspase-9) in a cytochrome c-dependent manner, leading to caspase-9 cleavage of caspase-3. This MAb recognizes total cytochrome C which includes both apocytochrome (i.e. cytochrome in the cytosol without heme attached) and holocytochrome (i.e cytochrome in the mitochondria with heme attached).

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Anti-CD63 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (R-PE) [clone: MX-49.129.5]

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This antibody recognizes a transcription factor of 64-67 kDa, identified as c-myc. Its epitope spans between aa 410-419 (EQKLISEEDL) which is a specific portion of an alpha helical region of human c-myc protein. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with v-myc. c-myc is involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation and is amplified and/or overexpressed in a variety of tumors. Over-expression of c-myc protein occurs frequently in luminal cells of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia as well as in most primary carcinomas and metastatic disease.

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Reacts with human CD59, a 20 kDa glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein. CD59 regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. This protein is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation. It inhibits formation of MAC, thus protecting cells from complement-mediated lysis. Genetic defects in GPI-anchor attachment, that cause a reduction or loss of CD59 and CD55 on erythrocytes produce the symptoms of the disease paroxysmal hemoglobinuria (PNH). This MAb is useful for study on GPI-anchored proteins, PNH and CD59 functions. CD59 is widely distributed on cells in all tissues. The expression of CD59 on erythrocytes is important for their survival.

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The highly leukemogenic avian retrovirus E26 contains two oncogenes, v-Myb and v-Ets, which are expressed together as a fusion protein. The cellular homolog of v-Myb, designated c-Myb, encodes a transcription factor. Deletion or disruption of a negative regulatory domain mapping within the carboxy-terminal domain of c-Myb results in enhanced transactivating capacity and in parallel, leads to activation of its ability to transform hemopoietic cells. c-Myb is expressed preferentially, but not exclusively, in immature hemopoietic cells and its expression decreases as cells differentiate.

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A disulphide-linked heterodimer, consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a) and B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. This complex of mb-1 and B29 polypeptides and immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation, and persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas, and in some myelomas. It is not present in myeloid or T cell lines. Anti-CD79a is generally used to complement anti-CD20 especially for mature B-cell lymphomas after treatment with Rituximab (anti-CD20). This antibody will stain many of the same lymphomas as anti-CD20, but also is more likely to stain B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia than is anti-CD20. Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma and occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well.

Supplier: Biotium

Reacts with human CD59, a 20 kDa glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein. CD59 regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. This protein is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation. CD59 is widely distributed on cells in all tissues. It inhibits formation of MAC, thus protecting cells from complement-mediated lysis. The expression of CD59 on erythrocytes is important for their survival. Genetic defects in GPI-anchor attachment, that cause a reduction or loss of CD59 and CD55 on erythrocytes produce the symptoms of the disease paroxysmal hemoglobinuria (PNH). This MAb is useful for study on GPI-anchored proteins, PNH and CD59 functions.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 52 kDa-58 kDa, identified as CD46 (also known as membrane cofactor protein, MCP). Its epitope is located on the four immunogenic short consensus repeat (SCR) domains at N-terminus of the protein. CD46 exists as many isoforms in a variety of tissues. It is strongly expressed on salivary gland ducts and kidney ducts, moderately on lymphocytes and endothelium, and weakly on interstitial tissues and muscle cells, but not on erythrocytes. CD46 functions as a C3b/C4b-binding glycoprotein that inhibits complement activation on host cells. It also serves as a measles virus receptor, an adherence factor for group A Streptococcus pyogenes, and a cellular pilus receptor for pathogenic Neisseria.

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CD6 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contains a 24-amino acid signal sequence, three extracellular scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, a membrane-spanning domain and a 44-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The CD6 glycoprotein is tyrosine phosphorylated during TCR-mediated T cell activation. CD6 shows significant homology to CD5. CD6 is present on mature thymocytes, peripheral T cells and a subset of B cells. Antibodies to CD6 are used to deplete T cells from bone marrow transplants to prevent graft versus host disease.

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Recognizes a protein of 74 kDa, identified as CD84 (Workshop V; Code A085, C057). It is expressed on mature B cells and on B-cell lines, including pre-B-cell lines, but not on plasma cell lines. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that CD84 strongly expressed on tissues macrophages. CD84 is also highly expressed on platelets and, at low levels on peripheral blood T cells. It is a highly N-glycosylated protein and belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily. It may play a role in leukocyte activation.

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Recognizes a protein of 40 kDa, identified as Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). TTF-1 is a member of the NKx2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and the lung. Nuclei from liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, breast, skin, testes, pituitary, prostate, and adrenal glands are unreactive. Anti-TTF-1 is useful in differentiating primary adenocarcinoma of the lung from metastatic carcinomas originating in the breast, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and malignant mesothelioma. It can also be used to differentiate small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates.Loss of TTF-1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma has been associated with aggressive behavior of such neoplasms. TTF-1 reactivity is also seen in thyroid malignancies.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 40 kDa, identified as Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). TTF-1 is a member of the NKx2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and the lung. Nuclei from liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, breast, skin, testes, pituitary, prostate, and adrenal glands are unreactive. Anti-TTF-1 is useful in differentiating primary adenocarcinoma of the lung from metastatic carcinomas originating in the breast, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and malignant mesothelioma. It can also be used to differentiate small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates.Loss of TTF-1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma has been associated with aggressive behavior of such neoplasms. TTF-1 reactivity is also seen in thyroid malignancies.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a protein of 165 kDa, identified as carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1). This mitochondrial enzyme catalyzes synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. This reaction is the first committed step of the urea cycle, which is important in the removal of excess urea from cells.Deficiency of CPS1 is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes hyperammonemia. CPS1 is a hepatocyte specific protein that localizes to the mitochondria of hepatocytes. It is a sensitive marker for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) from other metastatic carcinomas as well as cholangio-carcinomas. HCC s occur primarily in the stomach, but they are also found in many other organs. CPS1 may also be a useful marker for intestinal metaplasia. Reportedly, strong expression of CPS1 correlates with smaller tumor size and longer patient survival. Occasionally, CPS1 is also found in gastric carcinomas as well as in a few other non-hepatic tumors.

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Recognizes a protein of 104 kDa-110 kDa, characterized as major vault protein (MVP). Vaults are large ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) present in all eukaryotic cells. They have a complex morphology, including several small molecules of RNA, but a single protein species. The MVP accounts for >70% of their mass. Their shape is reminiscent of the nucleopore central plug. Treatment of cells with estradiol increases the amount of MVP in nuclear extract. The hormone-dependent interaction of vaults with ER is prevented in vitro by sodium molybdate. Antibodies to estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors are able to co-immunoprecipitate the MVP. MVP is overexpressed in many neoplastic tissues and cell lines. Expression of MVP predicts a poor response to chemotherapy.

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Hepatocyte Specific Antigen, also called Hepatocyte Paraffin 1 or HepPar1, localizes to the mitochondria of hepatocytes. It is a sensitive marker for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) from other metastatic carcinomas as well as cholangio-carcinomas. HCC's occur primarily in the stomach, but they are also found in many other organs. The Hepatocyte Specific Antigen may also be a useful marker for intestinal metaplasia. Reportedly, strong expression of the Hepatocyte Specific Antigen correlates with smaller tumor size and longer patient survival. Occasionally, Hepatocyte Specific Antigen is also found in gastric carcinomas as well as in a few other non-hepatic tumors.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with the HLA-DRB1 antigen, a member of MHC class II molecules. It does not cross react with HLA-DP and HLA-DQ. It binds a conformational epitope on HLA-DR, which depends on the correct folding of the α/β heterodimer. This MAb has been reported to block mixed lymphocyte reactions. The L243 antibody recognizes a different epitope than the LN3 monoclonal antibody, and these antibodies do not cross-block binding to each other's respective epitopes. HLA-DR is a heterodimeric cell surface glycoprotein comprised of a 36kD alpha (heavy) chain and a 28kD beta (light) chain. It is expressed on B-cells, activated T-cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and other non-professional APCs. In conjunction with the CD3/TCR complex and CD4 molecules, HLA-DR is critical for efficient peptide presentation to CD4 T cells. It is an excellent histiocytic marker in paraffin sections producing intense staining. True histiocytic neoplasms are similarly positive. HLA-DR antigens also occur on a variety of epithelial cells and their corresponding neoplastic counterparts.

Supplier: Biotium

Anti-IgG Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (CF™ 633)

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, identified as CD14 (also known lipopolysaccharide receptor). CD14 is expressed strongly on monocytes and macrophage and weakly on the surface of neutrophils. CD14 is anchored to cells by linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and functions as a high affinity receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP). Soluble CD14, also binding to LPS, acts at physiological concentration as an LPS agonist and has, at higher concentrations, an LPS antagonizing effect in cell activation.

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CD2 interacts through its amino-terminal domain with the extracellular domain of CD58 (also designated CD2 ligand) to mediate cell adhesion. CD2/CD58 binding can enhance antigen-specific T cell activation. CD2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on peripheral blood T lymphocytes, NK cells and thymocytes. CD58 is a heavily glycosylated protein with a broad tissue distribution in hematopoietic and other cells, including endothelium. Interaction between CD2 and its counter receptor LFA3 (CD58) on opposing cells optimizes immune system recognition, thereby facilitating communication between helper T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, as well as between cytolytic effectors and target cells.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes extracellular epitope 2 within the N-terminal Ig domain of human CD147. It is expressed more intensely on thymocytes than on mature peripheral blood T cells. CD147 is important in spermatogenesis, embryo implantation, neural network formation, and tumor progression. It stimulates the production of interstitial collagenase, gelatinase A, stromelysin-1 and various metalloproteinases (MMPs) by fibroblasts. These enzymes are important factors in cancer invasion and metastasis.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a single glycoprotein of 520 kDa, identified as mucin 2 (MUC2). This MAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC3. Its epitope has been defined as GTQTP (GlyThrGlnThrPro). Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins, which constitute the major component of the mucus layer that protects the gastric epithelium. MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon; in about 65% of colonic carcinomas and about 40% of gastric carcinomas. MUC2 is rarely expressed outside of the GI tract with the exceptions of mucinous carcinoma of breast and clear cell-type carcinomas of the ovary.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of14 kDa, identified as MRP-14 (also known as Calgranulin B or S100AA9). It comprises 60% of the cytoplasmic protein fraction of circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes and is also found in monocytes, macrophages and ileal tissue eosinophils. Peripheral blood monocytes carry the antigen extra- and intracellularly, neutrophils only intracellularly. It is a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Plasma concentrations are elevated in diseases associated with increased neutrophil activity, like inflammatory bowel disease. Granulocytes terminate their existence after transmigration through the intestinal wall. Therefore, it is also detectable in feces. Elevated levels have been observed in body fluids such as plasma, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, stools, and synovial fluid during infection and inflammatory conditions. This MAb reacts with neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, and has been shown as an important marker for identifying macrophages in tissue sections.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a 200 kDa protein, identified as heavy sub-unit of neurofilaments (NF-H). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. This MAb is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk s and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma). In ELISA, MAb WA-1 is useful either as a solid phase or for detection of p21 protein.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a 53 kDa protein, identified as the Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC-1). ODC is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and is involved in the conversion of ornithine to putrescine. The biological activity of ODC-1 is rapidly induced in response to virtually all agents known to promote cell proliferation including hormones, drugs, growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Reportedly, ODC mRNA levels are elevated in lung carcinomas as well as in colon adenomas and carcinomas. ODC activity in colorectal carcinomas is greater than those in adenomas and normal mucosa.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a 53 kDa protein, identified as the Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC-1). ODC is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and is involved in the conversion of ornithine to putrescine. The biological activity of ODC-1 is rapidly induced in response to virtually all agents known to promote cell proliferation including hormones, drugs, growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Reportedly, ODC mRNA levels are elevated in lung carcinomas as well as in colon adenomas and carcinomas. ODC activity in colorectal carcinomas is greater than those in adenomas and normal mucosa.

Supplier: Biotium

Podocalyxin is a member of the CD34 transmembrane sialomucin family. It is over-expressed on the podocyte foot projections and plays essential roles in kidney development and homeostasis, blood filtration and urine formation. It is also expressed on vascular endothelia, hematopoietic progenitors and a subset of neurons. Overexpression of podocalyxin may be linked to more aggressive tumor behavior. Podocalyxin antibody can identify podocytes in the urine (podocyturia) that may indicate glomerular disease, pre-eclampsia, and other kidney pathology.

Supplier: Biotium

Podocalyxin is a member of the CD34 transmembrane sialomucin family. It is over-expressed on the podocyte foot projections and plays essential roles in kidney development and homeostasis, blood filtration and urine formation. It is also expressed on vascular endothelia, hematopoietic progenitors and a subset of neurons. Overexpression of podocalyxin may be linked to more aggressive tumor behavior. Podocalyxin antibody can identify podocytes in the urine (podocyturia) that may indicate glomerular disease, pre-eclampsia, and other kidney pathology.