Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.

Flow Cytometry: 0,5-1 µg/million cells in 0,1 ml Immunofluorescence: 0,5 - 1 µg/ml Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-4 µg/ml for 30 min at RT (1) Prediluted format: incubate for 30 min at RT (2) The optimal dilution of the anti-TNF-alpha antibody for each application should be determined by the researcher.

1. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10 mM Tris Buffer with 1mM EDTA, pH 9.0, for 10 - 20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes.
2. The prediluted format is supplied in a dropper bottle and is optimised for use in IHC. After epitope retrieval step (if required), drip mAb solution onto the tissue section and incubate at RT for 30 min.

Type: Primary
Antigen: TNF
Clonality: Monoclonal
Clone: SPM543
Conjugation: Unconjugated
Epitope:
Host: Mouse
Isotype: IgG1, kappa
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Rabbit, Cat, Dog, Zebrafish