966 Results for: "Other Essentials"

Supplier: Bioss

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-1 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-1, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-1 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyzes the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger Signalling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-1 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-1, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-1 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-1 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-1, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-1 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

The Drosophila atonal gene produces a protein with basic helix loop helix (bHLH) domains that plays an essential role in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Mammalian atonal homolog 2 (MATH-2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that is structurally homologous to the product of Drosophila atonal gene. MATH-2 is a 337 amino acid protein with an atonal-related basic HLH domain. In mice, expression of MATH-2 takes place by embryonic day 11.5 and initially localizes to the wall of brain vesicles and in the spinal cord. It is expressed in the cortical plate and the mantle layer in the developing central nervous system, and is limited to the nervous system in adults. Adult mouse cerebrums produce a high level of MATH-2 RNA with lower levels in other neuronal tissues. Research studies suggest that MATH-2 may function as a trans-acting factor involved in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system.

Supplier: Bioss

The homeobox protein, HESX1, which is also known as Rathke?s pouch homeobox, HANF, homeodomain transcription factor, and anterior-restricted homeobox protein is a transcription factor that belongs to the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. HESX1 is initially expressed in embryonic stem cells and the primitive forebrain, and is essential for normal development of the eyes and other anterior CNS structures, such as the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the olfactory bulbs. The homeobox gene Hesx1 is expressed in the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), anterior axial mesendoderm (AME), and anterior neural ectoderm (ANE) during early embryogenesis. Mutations in the Hesx1 gene are associated with disorders that are comparable with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). These disorders are characterised by hypoplasia of the optic nerve, various types of forebrain defects and pituitary hormone deficiencies, including hypothyroidism. Hesx1 also acts as a transcriptional repressor of reporter gene constructs in tissue culture assays.

Supplier: Bioss

The Drosophila atonal gene produces a protein with basic helix loop helix (bHLH) domains that plays an essential role in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Mammalian atonal homolog 2 (MATH-2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that is structurally homologous to the product of Drosophila atonal gene. MATH-2 is a 337 amino acid protein with an atonal-related basic HLH domain. In mice, expression of MATH-2 takes place by embryonic day 11.5 and initially localizes to the wall of brain vesicles and in the spinal cord. It is expressed in the cortical plate and the mantle layer in the developing central nervous system, and is limited to the nervous system in adults. Adult mouse cerebrums produce a high level of MATH-2 RNA with lower levels in other neuronal tissues. Research studies suggest that MATH-2 may function as a trans-acting factor involved in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system.

Supplier: Bioss

The Drosophila atonal gene produces a protein with basic helix loop helix (bHLH) domains that plays an essential role in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Mammalian atonal homolog 2 (MATH-2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that is structurally homologous to the product of Drosophila atonal gene. MATH-2 is a 337 amino acid protein with an atonal-related basic HLH domain. In mice, expression of MATH-2 takes place by embryonic day 11.5 and initially localizes to the wall of brain vesicles and in the spinal cord. It is expressed in the cortical plate and the mantle layer in the developing central nervous system, and is limited to the nervous system in adults. Adult mouse cerebrums produce a high level of MATH-2 RNA with lower levels in other neuronal tissues. Research studies suggest that MATH-2 may function as a trans-acting factor involved in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system.

Supplier: Bioss

The Drosophila atonal gene produces a protein with basic helix loop helix (bHLH) domains that plays an essential role in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Mammalian atonal homolog 2 (MATH-2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that is structurally homologous to the product of Drosophila atonal gene. MATH-2 is a 337 amino acid protein with an atonal-related basic HLH domain. In mice, expression of MATH-2 takes place by embryonic day 11.5 and initially localizes to the wall of brain vesicles and in the spinal cord. It is expressed in the cortical plate and the mantle layer in the developing central nervous system, and is limited to the nervous system in adults. Adult mouse cerebrums produce a high level of MATH-2 RNA with lower levels in other neuronal tissues. Research studies suggest that MATH-2 may function as a trans-acting factor involved in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-1 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-1, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-1 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.

Supplier: Bioss

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-1 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-1, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-1 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.

Supplier: Bioss

The homeobox protein, HESX1, which is also known as Rathke’s pouch homeobox, HANF, homeodomain transcription factor, and anterior-restricted homeobox protein is a transcription factor that belongs to the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. HESX1 is initially expressed in embryonic stem cells and the primitive forebrain, and is essential for normal development of the eyes and other anterior CNS structures, such as the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the olfactory bulbs. The homeobox gene Hesx1 is expressed in the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), anterior axial mesendoderm (AME), and anterior neural ectoderm (ANE) during early embryogenesis. Mutations in the Hesx1 gene are associated with disorders that are comparable with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). These disorders are characterized by hypoplasia of the optic nerve, various types of forebrain defects and pituitary hormone deficiencies, including hypothyroidism. Hesx1 also acts as a transcriptional repressor of reporter gene constructs in tissue culture assays.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyzes the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyses the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.

Supplier: Bioss

The Drosophila atonal gene produces a protein with basic helix loop helix (bHLH) domains that plays an essential role in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Mammalian atonal homolog 2 (MATH-2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that is structurally homologous to the product of Drosophila atonal gene. MATH-2 is a 337 amino acid protein with an atonal-related basic HLH domain. In mice, expression of MATH-2 takes place by embryonic day 11.5 and initially localizes to the wall of brain vesicles and in the spinal cord. It is expressed in the cortical plate and the mantle layer in the developing central nervous system, and is limited to the nervous system in adults. Adult mouse cerebrums produce a high level of MATH-2 RNA with lower levels in other neuronal tissues. Research studies suggest that MATH-2 may function as a trans-acting factor involved in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyzes the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyzes the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.