28226 Results for: "Biotium"

Supplier: Biotium

von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.

Supplier: Biotium

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of 54 kDa, which is identified as cyclin A. Its epitope is located amino acids 144-148 of human Cyclin A2. Cyclins are regulatory subunits of the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk's) and they control transition at different specific phases of the cell cycle. The temporal expression of cyclins is tightly regulated and subsequently plays a critical role in controlling the enzymatic activity of cdk's. These cyclin/cdk complexes are essential for passage through specific stages in the cell cycle. In mammalian somatic cells, cyclin A is required for S-phase and passage through G2-phase. The D and E type cyclins regulate the passage of G1, while cyclin B is a critical regulator of mitosis. Mutation or disruption of normal cyclin A expression causes cells to arrest in G2-phase.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, identified as CD14 (also known lipopolysaccharide receptor). CD14 is expressed strongly on monocytes and macrophage and weakly on the surface of neutrophils. CD14 is anchored to cells by linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and functions as a high affinity receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP). Soluble CD14, also binding to LPS, acts at physiological concentration as an LPS agonist and has, at higher concentrations, an LPS antagonizing effect in cell activation.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, identified as CD14 (also known lipopolysaccharide receptor). CD14 is expressed strongly on monocytes and macrophage and weakly on the surface of neutrophils. CD14 is anchored to cells by linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and functions as a high affinity receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP). Soluble CD14, also binding to LPS, acts at physiological concentration as an LPS agonist and has, at higher concentrations, an LPS antagonizing effect in cell activation.

Supplier: Biotium

Myogenin is a member of the MyoD family of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that also includes MyoD, Myf-5, and MRF4 (also known as herculinor Myf-6). MyoD family members are expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and play a key role in activating myogenesis by binding to enhancer sequences of muscle-specific genes. The regulatory domain of MyoD is approximately 70 amino acids in length and includes both a basic DNA binding motif and a bHLH dimerization motif. MyoD family members share about 80% amino acid homology in their bHLH motifs. Anti-myogenin labels the nuclei of myoblasts in developing muscle tissue, and is expressed in tumor cell nuclei of rhabdomyosarcoma and some leiomyosarcomas. Positive nuclear staining may occur in Wilms' tumor.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with cells bearing HLA-A25 or HLA-Aw32 antigens. In addition, a reaction was observed with a cell of phenotype A2, Aw31; B17, Bw49. HLA-A, with HLA-B and HLA-C, belongs to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens and expresses constitutively on all nucleated cells. HLA system comprises closely linked genes controlling highly polymorphic proteins involved in the presentation of peptides to the T-cell receptor, inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity, and rejection of tissue allotransplantation. Specific alleles at HLA loci are associated with diseases. This MAb is specifically applicable for typing peripheral T cells for the antigens HLA-A25 and HLA-Aw32.

Supplier: Biotium

Cyclins, regulatory subunits, which associate with kinases, control many of the important steps in cell cycle progression. The Cdc2 protein kinase (p34Cdc2) exhibits protein kinase activity in vitro and exists in a complex with both cyclin B and a protein homologous to p13SUC1. Cdc2 kinase is the active subunit of the M phase promoting factor (MPF) and the M phase-specific Histone H1 kinase. The p34Cdc2/cyclin B complex is required for the G2 to M transition. An additional cell cycle-dependent protein kinase, termed p55cdc, exhibits a high degree of homology with the S. cerevisiae proteins Cdc20 and Cdc4. The p55cdc transcript is readily detectable in a variety of cultured cell lines in growth phase, but disappears when cell growth is chemically arrested.

Supplier: Biotium

Cyclins, regulatory subunits, which associate with kinases, control many of the important steps in cell cycle progression. The Cdc2 protein kinase (p34Cdc2) exhibits protein kinase activity in vitro and exists in a complex with both cyclin B and a protein homologous to p13SUC1. Cdc2 kinase is the active subunit of the M phase promoting factor (MPF) and the M phase-specific Histone H1 kinase. The p34Cdc2/cyclin B complex is required for the G2 to M transition. An additional cell cycle-dependent protein kinase, termed p55cdc, exhibits a high degree of homology with the S. cerevisiae proteins Cdc20 and Cdc4. The p55cdc transcript is readily detectable in a variety of cultured cell lines in growth phase, but disappears when cell growth is chemically arrested.

Supplier: Biotium

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80 kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55 kDa is also detected. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this MAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This MAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a glycoprotein of 110 kDa, identified as CD26 (Workshop VI; Code: N-L039). It is an atypical serine protease belonging to the prolyl oligopeptidase family. It is expressed on lymphocyte cells and is upregulated during T-cell activation. CD26 is also expressed on activated B cells and natural killer cells and abundantly on epithelia. CD26 is implicated in a variety of biological functions including T-cell activation, cell adhesion with extracellular matrix such as fibronectin or collagens, and in HIV infection. Cross-linking of CD26 using this antibody dramatically enhances the anti-CD3-induced IL-2 production. In Western blotting, this MAb reacts with only glycosylated CD26, but not with the deglycosylated form. It does not prevent ADA binding to CD26.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74 (Workshop IV). CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74 (Workshop IV). CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a glycoprotein of 110 kDa, which is identified as CD68. It is important for identifying macrophages in tissue sections. It stains macrophages in a wide variety of human tissues, including Kupffer cells and macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen, in lamina propria of the gut, in lung alveoli, and in bone marrow. It reacts with myeloid precursors and peripheral blood granulocytes. It also reacts with plasmacytoid T cells, which are supposed to be of monocyte/macrophage origin. It shows strong granular cytoplasmic staining of chronic and acute myeloid leukemia and also reacts with rare cases of true histiocytic neoplasia. Lymphomas are negative or show few granules.

Supplier: Biotium

CD8 is a cell surface receptor expressed either as a heterodimer with the CD8 β chain (CD8 α/β) or as a homodimer (CD8 α/α). A majority of thymocytes and a subpopulation of mature T cells and NK cell express CD8a. CD8 binds to MHC class 1 and through its association with protein tyrosine kinase p56lck plays a role in T cell development and activation of mature T cells. For mature T-cells, CD4 and CD8 are mutually exclusive, so anti-CD8, generally used in conjunction with anti-CD4. It is a useful marker for distinguishing helper/inducer T-lymphocytes, and most peripheral T-cell lymphomas are CD4 /CD8-. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is usually CD4 and CD8-, and in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, CD4 and CD8 are often co-expressed. CD8 is also found in littoral cell angioma of the spleen.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Supplier: Biotium

Anti-IGHM Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (R-PE) [clone: ICO-30]

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80 kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55 kDa is also detected. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this MAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This MAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74. It is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a glycoprotein of 110 kDa, which is identified as CD68. It is important for identifying macrophages in tissue sections. It stains macrophages in a wide variety of human tissues, including Kupffer cells and macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen, in lamina propria of the gut, in lung alveoli, and in bone marrow. It reacts with myeloid precursors and peripheral blood granulocytes. It also reacts with plasmacytoid T cells, which are supposed to be of monocyte/macrophage origin. It shows strong granular cytoplasmic staining of chronic and acute myeloid leukemia and also reacts with rare cases of true histiocytic neoplasia. Lymphomas are negative or show few granules.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74 (Workshop IV). CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a glycoprotein of 110 kDa, identified as CD26 (Workshop VI; Code: N-L039). It is an atypical serine protease belonging to the prolyl oligopeptidase family. It is expressed on lymphocyte cells and is upregulated during T-cell activation. CD26 is also expressed on activated B cells and natural killer cells and abundantly on epithelia. CD26 is implicated in a variety of biological functions including T-cell activation, cell adhesion with extracellular matrix such as fibronectin or collagens, and in HIV infection. Cross-linking of CD26 using this antibody dramatically enhances the anti-CD3-induced IL-2 production. In Western blotting, this MAb reacts with only glycosylated CD26, but not with the deglycosylated form. It does not prevent ADA binding to CD26.

Supplier: Biotium

CD2 interacts through its amino-terminal domain with the extracellular domain of CD58 (also designated CD2 ligand) to mediate cell adhesion. CD2/CD58 binding can enhance antigen-specific T cell activation. CD2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on peripheral blood T lymphocytes, NK cells and thymocytes. CD58 is a heavily glycosylated protein with a broad tissue distribution in hematopoietic and other cells, including endothelium. Interaction between CD2 and its counter receptor LFA3 (CD58) on opposing cells optimizes immune system recognition, thereby facilitating communication between helper T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, as well as between cytolytic effectors and target cells.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80 kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55 kDa is also detected. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this MAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This MAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas.

Supplier: Biotium

Polyclonal anti-MYC (EQKLISEEDL) reacts with human c- MYC tagged fusion proteins. The antibody recognizes the epitope tag fused to either the amino- or carboxy- termini of targeted proteins. Polyclonal anti-MYC (EQKLISEEDL) reacts with human c- MYC tagged fusion proteins. The antibody recognizes the epitope tag fused to either the amino- or carboxy- termini of targeted proteins. This conjugate is prepared by labeling polyclonal rabbit anti-MYC IgG (H+L) with CF™640R dye. CF™640R (Ex/Em 642/662 nm) is a novel far-red rhodamine-based dye spectrally similar to Cy®5 and Alexa Fluor® 647. CF™640R is much brighter than Cy®5 and at least as bright as Alexa Fluor® 647 when excited at 633 or 635 nm. However, the most important advantage of CF™640R is its exceptional photostability.

Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific. Cy®5 is a registered trademark of GE Healthcare.

Supplier: Biotium

Polyclonal anti-MYC (EQKLISEEDL) reacts with human c- MYC tagged fusion proteins. The antibody recognizes the epitope tag fused to either the amino- or carboxy- termini of targeted proteins.Polyclonal anti-MYC (EQKLISEEDL) reacts with human c- MYC tagged fusion proteins. The antibody recognizes the epitope tag fused to either the amino- or carboxy- termini of targeted proteins. This conjugate is prepared by labeling polyclonal rabbit anti-MYC IgG (H+L) with CF™543 dye. CF™543 is an orange fluorescent dye with an excitation spectrum optimally matching the 543 laser line. Antibody conjugates of the dye are much brighter than those of Alexa Fluor® 546.

Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Supplier: Biotium

Thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa dimeric pre-protein with mutiple glycosylation sites. It is produced by and processed within the thyroid gland to produce the hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Prior to forming dimers, thyroglobulin monomers undergo conformational maturation in the endoplasmic reticulation. The vast majority of follicular carcinomas of the thyroid will give positive immunoreactivity for anti-thyroglobulin even though sometimes only focally. Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid are frequently anti-thyroglobulin negative. Adenocarcinomas of other-than-thyroid origin do not react with this antibody. This antibody is useful in identification of thyroid carcinoma of the papillary and follicular types. Presence of thyroglobulin in metastatic lesions establishes the thyroid origin of tumor. Anti-thyroglobulin, combined with anti-calcitonin, can identify medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. Furthermore, anti-thyroglobulin, combined with anti-TTF1, can be a reliable marker to differentiate between primary thyroid and lung neoplasms.