"Biotium"

Supplier: Biotium

CD8 is a cell surface receptor expressed either as a heterodimer with the CD8 β chain (CD8 α/β) or as a homodimer (CD8 α/α). A majority of thymocytes and a subpopulation of mature T cells and NK cell express CD8a. CD8 binds to MHC class 1 and through its association with protein tyrosine kinase p56lck plays a role in T cell development and activation of mature T cells. For mature T-cells, CD4 and CD8 are mutually exclusive, so anti-CD8, generally used in conjunction with anti-CD4. It is a useful marker for distinguishing helper/inducer T-lymphocytes, and most peripheral T-cell lymphomas are CD4 /CD8-. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is usually CD4 and CD8-, and in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, CD4 and CD8 are often co-expressed. CD8 is also found in littoral cell angioma of the spleen.

Supplier: Biotium

Anti-IgG Donkey Polyclonal Antibody (CF™ 770)

Supplier: Biotium

CD45R, also designated CD45 and PTPRC, has been identified as a transmembrane glycoprotein, broadly expressed among hematopoietic cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45R are distributed throughout the immune system according to cell type. These isoforms arise because of alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding protein domains are characterized by the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45RA (exon 4), CD45RB (exon 5), CD45RC (exon 6) and CD45RO (exons 4 to 6 spliced out). The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved. CD45RB is expressed on mature B-lymphocytes and the majority of lymphomas and leukemias of B-cell origin.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, which is identified as fascin-1. Its actin binding ability is regulated by phosphorylation. Antibody to fascin-1 is a very sensitive marker for Reed-Sternberg cells and variants in nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's disease. It is uniformly negative in lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and myeloid cells. Fascin-1 is also expressed in dendritic cells. This marker may be helpful to distinguish between Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in difficult cases. Also, the lack of expression of fascin-1 in the neoplastic follicles in follicular lymphoma may be helpful in distinguishing these lymphomas from reactive follicular hyperplasia in which the number of follicular dendritic cells is normal or increased. Antibody to fascin-1 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung as well as in ovarian cancer. Fascin-1 expression may be induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B cells with the possibility that viral induction of fascin in lymphoid or other cell types must also be considered in EBV-positive cases.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to heavy chain of IgA and shows minimal cross-reaction with heavy chains of other immunoglobulins. It is reactive with both IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses of Alpha heavy chain. It reacts with the third constant domain (CH3) of the alpha chain of IgA molecules. Immunoglobulins are four-chain, Y-shaped, monomeric structures comprised of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains held together through inter-chain disulfide bonds. The chains form two domains, the Fab (antigen binding) fragment and the Fc (constant) fragment. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main protein of the mucosal immune system. It is generated by B-cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Daily production of IgA exceeds that of any of the other immunoglobulins.IgA exists mainly in dimers but can also exist as polymers or as monomers. Dimers and polymers contain a joining (J) chain that can be bound by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) for transportation of the molecule to mucosal surfaces. The most common feature of plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is the restricted expression of a single heavy chain class. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant.

Supplier: Biotium

PLAP is a tissue specific, trophoblast-derived, 70 kDa, glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, dimeric, Zn2 metallo glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters into an inorganic phosphate and an alcohol. It is present in the placenta and serum of pregnant women and in high frequency in gynecological and testicular cancers and in lower frequency in other tumors. The three tissue-specific AP's in humans, PLAP, germ cell AP (GCAP) and intestinal AP, are 90-98% homologous. Non-tissue specific AP is found in kidney, liver and bone. This MAb binds equally well to all common allelic variants (S, F, FS and I) of PLAP as to AP from normal human testis. This MAb can be used both as coating as well as tracer antibody in the same ELISA to detect PLAP in serum of S, F, FS and I phenotypes.

Supplier: Biotium

This conjugate is prepared by labeling F(ab’)2 fragment of goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) with CF™488A dye. CF™ dyes offer advantages in brightness, photostability, and specificity compared to other fluorescent dyes. Green fluorescent CF™488A (Ex/Em 490/515 nm) is a superior alternative to FITC (or fluorescein) owing to its exceptional brightness and photostability.

Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Supplier: Biotium

This product is prepared by labeling highly cross adsorbed donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H L) with CF™405S. CF™405S is a blue fluorescent dye with an absorption peak wavelength that nearly coincides with the 405 nm blue diode laser line. In addition, the emission peak wavelength of the dye well centers within the blue detection window of BD flow cytometers. As a result, flow cytometry analysis using CF™405S dye results in much brighter signal than that using Alexa Fluor® 405. To minimize cross-reactivity, the antibody has been adsorbed against bovine, chicken, goat, guinea pig, Syrian hamster, horse, human, mouse, rat, and sheep serum proteins.

Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Supplier: Biotium

Reacts with a 70 kDa membrane-bound isozyme (Regan and Nagao type) of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) occurring in the placenta during the 3rd trimester of gestation. It is highly specific for PLAP and shows no cross-reaction with other isozymes of alkaline phosphatase. Anti-PLAP reacts with germ cell tumors and can discriminate between these and other neoplasms. Somatic neoplasms e.g. breast, gastrointestinal, prostatic, and urinary cancers may also immunoreact with antibodies to PLAP. Anti-PLAP positivity in conjunction with anti-keratin negativity favors seminoma over carcinoma. Germ cell tumors are usually anti-keratin positive, but they regularly fail to stain with anti-EMA, whereas most carcinomas stain with anti-EMA. Anti-PLAP has been useful in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of HMW, identified as mucin 3 glycoprotein (MUC3). Its epitope localizes between aa SITTTE. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC2. MUC3 is distributed in colon and rectum, and is also present to a lesser extent in breast, lung and salivary gland tissues. The Mucins are a family of highly glycosylated, secreted proteins with a basic structure consisting of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) encoded by 60 base pairs (Mucin 1), 69 base pairs (Mucin 2) and 51 base pairs (Mucin 3). The number of repeats is highly polymorphic and varies among different alleles. Mucin 1 proteins are expressed as type I membrane proteins in addition to secreted forms. Mucin 1 is aberrantly expressed in epithelial tumors including breast carcinomas. Mucin 2 coats the epithelia of the intestines and airways and is associated with colonic tumors. Mucin 3 is a major component of various mucus gels and is broadly expressed in normal and tumor cells.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 57 kDa, identified as p57Kip2. It shows no cross-reaction with p27Kip1. p57Kip2 is a potent tight-binding inhibitor of several G1 cyclin complexes, and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Anti-p57 has been used as an aide in identification of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) (no nuclear labeling of cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) in which both cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells stain. The histological differentiation of complete mole, partial mole, and hydropic spontaneous abortion is problematic. Most complete hydatidiform moles are diploid, whereas most partial moles are triploid. Ploidy studies will identify partial moles, but will not differentiate complete moles from non-molar gestations. Complete moles carry a high risk of persistent disease and choriocarcinoma, while partial moles have a very low risk. In normal placenta, many cytotrophoblast nuclei and stromal cells are labeled with this antibody. Similar findings apply to PHM and hydropic abortus tissues. Intervillous trophoblastic islands (IVTIs) demonstrate nuclear labeling in all three entities and serve as an internal control.

Supplier: Biotium

Reacts with human CD48, a 45 kDa glycosyl phophatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein. CD48 is strongly expressed on lymphocytes and monocytes and weakly on granulocytes but is absent on platelets, fibroblasts, epithelium and endothelium. CD48 is one of marker for detecting the defects of GPI anchoring structure on the patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria (PNH) and serves as a low affinity ligand for CD2.

Supplier: Biotium

Anti-Biotin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF®CF405S)

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes an oncofetal glycoprotein with a single chain of 70 kDa, which is identified as alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This MAb is highly specific to AFP and shows no cross-reaction with other oncofetal antigens or serum albumin. AFP is normally synthesized in the liver, intestinal tract, and yolk sac of the fetus. Antibody to AFP has been shown to be useful in detecting hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and germ cell neoplasms, especially yolk sac tumors.

Supplier: Biotium

Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton and is present in most cell types. This MAb is highly specific to actin from smooth muscles. Its epitope lies in the first four N-terminal amino acids. This MAb does not stain cardiac or skeletal muscle; however, it does stain myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells. This antibody could be used together with anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin in making a diagnosis of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle tumors. In most cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, this antibody yields negative results whereas anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin are positive. Leiomyosarcomas are positive only with anti-muscle specific actin and anti-smooth muscle actin and are negative with anti-myogenin.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a protein of 20-30 kDa, identified as PGP9.5, also known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1 (UchL1). Initially, PGP9.5 expression in normal tissues was reported in neurons and neuroendocrine cells but later it was found in distal renal tubular epithelium, spermatogonia, Leydig cells, oocytes, melanocytes, prostatic secretory epithelium, ejaculatory duct cells, epididymis, mammary epithelial cells, Merkel cells, and dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, immunostaining for PGP9.5 has been shown in a wide variety of mesenchymal neoplasms as well. A mutation in PGP9.5 gene is believed to cause a form of Parkinson's disease.