"Biosensis"

Supplier: Biosensis

The Biosensis proBDNF Rapid™ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the specific, fast and reliable quantification of proBDNF in less than 4 hours in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum, citrate-plasma and tissue extracts only if used as directed.

Supplier: Biosensis

The Biosensis Mature BDNF Rapid™ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the quantification of BDNF in less than 3 hours in cell culture supernatants, serum, plasma (citrate and EDTA), cell lysates, human milk and brain extracts only if used as directed, with a simplified protocol and no loss of sensitivity or specificity.

Supplier: Biosensis

The Nuclear Core Complex (NPC) acts as a gateway for macromolecular traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

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May participate in RNA metabolism in the myelinating cell, CNP is the third most abundant protein in central nervous system myelin. Ref: uniprot.org

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Ubiquitin is a highly conserved 76 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular weight of 8.56 kDa which has a central role in regulated protein degradation. It is a protein modifier which can be covalently attached to target lysines either as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. Several types of polymeric chains can be formed depending on the lysine used for the assembly. Attachment to proteins as a polymer leads to their degradation by the 26S proteosome; a complex, multicatalytic cytosolic and nuclear protease. Attachment to proteins as a monomer or as an alternatively linked polymer does not lead to proteasomal degradation and may be required for numerous functions, including maintenance of chromatic structure, regulation of gene expression, stress response, ribosome biogenesis and DNA repair. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a polyubiquitin precursor with exact head to tail repeats, the number of repeats of which differ between species and strains. In some species there is a final amino-acid after the last repeat, here in bovine a Cys. Some ubiquitin genes contain a single copy of ubiquitin fused to a ribosomal protein (either L40 or S27a).

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GDNF is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer molecule. It was first discovered as a potent survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons and was then shown to rescue these neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease. GDNF is about 100 times more efficient survival factor for spinal motor neurons than the neurotrophins. FUNCTION: Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF may be a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, defects in GDNF may be involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.

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LRRK2 is a member of the leucine-rich repeat kinase family. Its role is yet unknown but it may play a role in the phoshorylation of proteins central to parkinson diseases. LRRK2 contains an ankryin repeat region, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, a kinase domain, a DFG-like motif, a RAS domain, a GTPase domain, a MLK-like domain and a WD40 domain. LRRK2 is present in the cytoplasm but also associates with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Defects in LRRK2 are the cause of Parkinson disease 8 (PARK8). Parkinson disease is characterised by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability, as well as by a clinically significant response to treatment with levodopa. The pathology involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. PARK8 is an autosomal-dominant late-onset parkinsonism, characterized by onset from 50 to 65 years, with slow progression and relatively benign course.

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The Human influenza hemagglutin (HA) tag corresponds to a region (98-106 amino acids) from the HA molecule.

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Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) is also referred to as p75(NTR) due to its molecular mass and its ability to bind at low affinity not only NGF (see 162030), but also other neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; 113505), neurotrophin-3 (NTF3; 162660), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NTF5; 162662). At the time of its discovery, NGFR was considered a unique type of protein. Subsequently, however, a large superfamily of tumor necrosis factor receptors were found to share the overall structure of NGFR (4 extracellular ligand-binding, cysteine-rich repeats, or CRs, and signaling through association with, or disassociation from, cytoplasmic interactors). The identification of this superfamily helped elucidate some of the biologic functions of NGFR, including its ultimate involvement in the nuclear factor kappa-B (NFKB; see 164011) and apoptosis pathways. As a monomer, NGFR binds NGF with low affinity. Higher affinity binding is achieved by association with higher molecular mass, low-affinity neurotrophin receptors, namely the tropomyosin receptor kinases, TRKA (NTRK1; 191315), TRKB (NTRK2; 600456), and TRKC (NTRK3; 191316). TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC are specific for or 'preferred by' NGF, NTF5 and BDNF, and NTF3, respectively. NTF3 also binds to TRKA and TRKB, but with significantly lower affinity.

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GAP43 is very abundant protein which is found concentrated in neurons. One group discovered it as one of three proteins which becomes unregulated during the regeneration of the toad optic nerve (1). Three GAPs (Growth associated proteins) were discovered, and the number 43 comes from the apparent SDS-PAGE molecular weight of the one named GAP43. The HGNC name for this protein is, not surprisingly, GAP43. Later work showed that GAP43 does not run on SDS-PAGE in a fashion which accurately reflects its molecular weight, and that GAP43 proteins from different species may run at different apparent molecular weights. Partly due to these features GAP43 were independently discovered by several different groups and therefore has several alternate names, such as protein F1, pp46, neuromodulin, neural phosphoprotein B-50 and calmodulin-binding protein P-57. In each case the number reflects the apparent SDS-PAGE molecular weight, and underlines the unusual properties of this molecule. Mammalian GAP43 proteins contains only 226-243 amino acids, and so the real molecular weight is 23.61-25.14 kDa. GAP43 has been extensively studied and is known to be a major protein kinase C substrate and to bind calmodulin avidly. GAP43 is anchored to the plasma membrane by palmitoylation modifications.

Supplier: Biosensis

The Biosensis Mature BDNF/proBDNF Combo RapidTM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit combines individual, but complementary ELISA kits for the two most important BDNF isoforms: Mature BDNF (BSENBEK-2211) and full-length proBDNF (BSENBEK-2217).

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Human beta-endorphin is a 31 amino acid peptide cleaved from the precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that interacts with opioid receptors.

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Catenin beta is an adherens junction protein and has a role in the regulation of cell adhesion and in signal transduction through the Wnt pathway. At least 2 isoforms are produced by alternative splicing.

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The V5 epitope corresponds to a region from Simian Virus Type 5 (SV5).

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Beta-casein has an important role in determination of the surface properties of the casein micelles. it is cleaved into 3 chains (casoparan, casohypotensin and antioxidant peptide). Casoparan acts as a macrophage activator, increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophages and peroxide release from macrophages. It also acts as a bradykinin-potentiating peptide. Casohypotensin acts as a bradykinin-potentiating peptide and induces hypotension in rats. Acts as a strong competitive inhibitor of endo-oligopeptidase A. Antioxidant peptide has antioxidant activity.

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Histone H3 is a core component of nucleosome.