127976 Results for: "Bioss"

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FAM168A is a 244 amino acid protein that exists as three alternatively spliced isoforms and is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 11, which makes up around 4% of human genomic DNA and is considered a gene and disease association dense chromosome. The chromosome 11 encoded Atm gene is important for regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following double strand DNA breaks. Atm mutation leads to the disorder known as ataxia-telangiectasia. The blood disorders Sickle cell anemia and ∫ thalassemia are caused by HBB gene mutations. Wilms' tumors, WAGR syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome are associated with mutations of the WT1 gene. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, hereditary angioedema and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are also associated with defects in chromosome 11.

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Anti-TEAD2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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The X and Y chromosomes are the human sex chromosomes. Chromosome X consists of about 153 million base pairs and nearly 1,000 genes. The combination of an X and Y chromosome lead to normal male development while two copies of X lead to normal female development. There are a number of conditions related to an unsual number and combination of sex chromosomes being inherited. More than one copy of the X chromosome with a Y chromosome causes Klinefelter's syndrome. A single copy of X alone leads to Turner's syndrome. More than 2 copies of the X chromosome, in the absence of a Y chromosome, is known as Triple X syndrome. Color blindness, hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy are well known X chromosome-linked conditions which affect males more frequently as males carry a single X chromosome. The FAM104B gene product has been provisionally designated FAM104B pending further characterization.

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Encoding over 1,100 genes within 132 million bases, chromosome 12 makes up about 4.5% of the human genome. A number of skeletal deformities are linked to chromosome 12 including hypochondrogenesis, achondrogenesis and Kniest dysplasia. Noonan syndrome, which includes heart and facial developmental defects among the primary symptoms, is caused by a mutant form of PTPN11 gene product, SH-PTP2. Chromosome 12 is also home to a homeobox gene cluster which encodes crucial transcription factors for morphogenesis, and the natural killer complex gene cluster encoding C-type lectin proteins which mediate the NK cell response to MHC I interaction. Trisomy 12p leads to facial development defects, seizure disorders and a host of other symptoms varying in severity depending on the extent of mosaicism and is most severe in cases of complete trisomy. The FAM101A gene product has been provisionally designated FAM101A pending further characterization.

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This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site that is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This protein is involved in the establishment of left-right asymmetry in early embryogenesis and in neural development in later embryogenesis. This protein is transcribed from a monocistronic mRNA early in development, and from a bicistronic mRNA in later stages that also encodes the LAG1 homolog, ceramide synthase 1 gene.

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Interleukin 11 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by mesenchymal-derived adherent cells. IL11 shares many functions of IL6 and LIF, including potentiation of megakaryocyte activity, enhancement of human myeloma cell proliferation, and enhancement of hepatic acute phase protein production.Interleukin 11 directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells, and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production. Clinically it is used to prevent severe thrombocytopenia and the reduction of the need for platelet transfusion following myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

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IL16 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is chemotactic for CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. IL16 is synthesized as a precursor molecule (pro IL16) of approximately 68 kDa and 631 amino acid residues lacking a signal peptide. The sequence and structure of IL16 is conserved across species. In addition to inducing chemotaxis, IL16 upregulates the IL2 receptor and upregulates HLADR expression. It also inhibits T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 dependent activation, and suppresses HIV1 replication in vitro. Sources of IL16 include epithelial cells, mast cells, T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and eosinophils.

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Anti-GDAP2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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NHLRC3 contains 4 NHL repeats. The function of the NHLRC3 protein remains unknown. Key tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 13 include the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, and the RB1 (retinoblastoma) gene. RB1 encodes a crucial tumor suppressor protein which, when defective, leads to malignant growth in the retina and has been implicated in a variety of other cancers. The gene SLITRK1, which is associated with Tourette syndrome, is on chromosome 13. As with most chromosomes, polysomy of part or all of chromosome 13 is deleterious to development and decreases the odds of survival. Trisomy 13, also known as Patau syndrome, is quite deadly and the few who survive past one year suffer from permanent neurologic defects, difficulty eating and vulnerability to serious respiratory infections.

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E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates polyubiquitination of CD4. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. May play a role in ubuquitin-dependent protein sorting in developmenting spermatids.

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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the lipophilin subfamily, part of the uteroglobin superfamily, and is an ortholog of prostatein, the major secretory glycoprotein of the rat ventral prostate gland. Lipophilin gene products are widely expressed in normal tissues, especially in endocrine-responsive organs. Assuming that human lipophilins are the functional counterparts of prostatein, they may be transcriptionally regulated by steroid hormones, with the ability to bind androgens, other steroids and possibly bind and concentrate estramustine, a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for prostate cancer. Although the gene has been reported to be on chromosome 10, this sequence appears to be from a cluster of genes on chromosome 11 that includes mammaglobin 2.

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PDK1 (3 Phosphoinositide Dependent Protein Kinase 1) phosphorylates AGC kinases. PDK1 activates conventional PKC and PKC zeta through phosphorylation of critical threonine residues in the activation loop. PDK1 also phosphorylates Protein Kinase B (PKB) at threonine 308 in the presence of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. Active Akt inactivates Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3), eventually leading to the dephosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase and the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. Because of the role that PDK plays in insulin-induced glycogen synthesis and PKC activation it is a potentially important target for metabolic drug research. There are three named isoforms.

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Platelet Activating Receptor H963 is an orphan receptor that is a member of the Platelet Activating Factor Receptor subfamily. ESTs have been isolated from normal human blood (activated), liver, and testis libraries, and from a human uterine adenocarcinoma library.

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Protein kinase C (PKC) zeta is a member of the PKC family of serine/threonine kinases which are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and secretion. Unlike the classical PKC isoenzymes which are calcium-dependent, PKC zeta exhibits a kinase activity which is independent of calcium and diacylglycerol but not of phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, it is insensitive to typical PKC inhibitors and cannot be activated by phorbol ester. Unlike the classical PKC isoenzymes, it has only a single zinc finger module. These structural and biochemical properties indicate that the zeta subspecies is related to, but distinct from other isoenzymes of PKC. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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This is a receptor for bradykinin. Could be a factor in chronic pain and inflammation.

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Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family function in many extracellular receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. See PRKCA (MIM 176960) for further background information. The PRKCM gene encodes a cytosolic serine-threonine kinase that binds to the trans-Golgi network and regulates the fission of transport carriers specifically destined to the cell surface.[supplied by OMIM]

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p53, a DNA-binding, oligomerization domain- and transcription activation domain-containing tumor suppressor, upregulates growth arrest and apoptosis-related genes in response to stress signals, thereby influencing programmed cell death, cell differentiation, and cell cycle control mechanisms. p53 localizes to the nucleus, yet can be chaperoned to the cytoplasm by the negative regulator, MDM2. MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is upregulated in the presence of active p53, where it poly-ubiquitinates p53 for proteasome targeting. p53 fluctuates between latent and active DNA-binding conformations and is differentially activated through posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and acetylation. Mutations in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of p53, amino acids 110-286, can compromise energetically-favorable association with cis elements and are implicated in several human cancers.

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The sense of taste is essential for the survival of organisms. For example, the ability to identify sweet-tasting foods enables animals to seek out food with high nutritive value, whereas the ability to identify bitter substances enables them to avoid the ingestion of potentially harmful substances. A family of integral membrane proteins are involved in taste perception and include T1R, which is involved in sweet taste perception and T2R, which is involved in bitter taste perception. Both types of taste receptors couple to various G proteins to initiate signal transduction cascades. Specifically, T2R38 is expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells. Variations in T2R38 are associated with the ability to taste the bitter chemical phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), also called thiourea tasting.

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EME1 complexes with methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive UV-sensitive 81 protein (MUS81) to form an endonuclease complex which cleaves branched DNA structures, especially those arising during stalled DNA replication. The protein may be involved in repairing DNA damage and in maintaining genomic stability. It interacts with specifc DNA structures including nicked Holliday junctions, 3'-flap structures and aberrant replication fork structures. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

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Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. ZDHHC1 (zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 1), also known as ZNF377 (zinc finger protein 377) or C16orf1, is a 485 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that contains one DHHC-type zinc finger. Expressed in fetal heart, lung and kidney and also present in adult lung and pancreas, ZDHHC1 functions as a palmitoyltransferase that catalyzes the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA and protein-cysteine to S-palmitoyl protein and CoA. Like ZDHHC1, ZDHHC5, ZDHHC6, ZDHHC7 and ZDHHC18 each contain one DHHC-type zinc finger through which they convey palmitoyltransferase activity against a broad range of substrates, including H-Ras, SNAP 25 and GABAA R proteins.

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This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which is a tyrosine kinase belonging to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases. This protein catalyzes the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDC2/cyclin B kinase, and appears to coordinate the transition between DNA replication and mitosis by protecting the nucleus from cytoplasmically activated CDC2 kinase.

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This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine kinase and, more specifically, the Janus kinases (JAKs) protein families. This protein associates with the cytoplasmic domain of type I and type II cytokine receptors and promulgate cytokine signals by phosphorylating receptor subunits. It is also component of both the type I and type III interferon signaling pathways. As such, it may play a role in anti-viral immunity. A mutation in this gene has been associated with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) - a primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin E. [provided by RefSeq].

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Members of the Id family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins include Id1 (1–3), Id2 (4), Id3 and Id4 (5). They are ubiquitously expressed and dimerize with members of the class A and B HLH proteins (1–5). Due to the absence of the basic region, the resulting heterodimers cannot bind DNA. The Id-type proteins thus appear to negatively regulate DNA binding of bHLH proteins. Since Id1 inhibits DNA binding of E12 and Myo D, it apparently functions to inhibit muscle-specific gene expression. Under conditions that facilitate muscle cell differentiation, the Id protein levels fall, allowing E12 and/or E47 to form heterodimers with Myo D and myogenin, which in turn activate myogenic differentiation. It has been shown that expression of each of the Id proteins is strongly dependent on growth factor activation and that reduction of Id mRNA levels by antisense oligonucleotides leads to a delayed reentry of arrested cells into the cell cycle following growth factor stimulation.

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There are eight COG proteins (COG1-8) which form a Golgi-localized complex (COG) required for normal Golgi morphology and function. It is thought that COG1 is required for steps in the normal medial and trans Golgi-associated processing of glycoconjugates and plays a role in the organization of the Golgi-localized complex.

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This is a calcium-independent, phospholipid-dependent, serine- and threonine-specific enzyme. Essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation, but is dispensable during TCR-dependent thymocyte development. Links the TCR signaling complex to the activation of NF-kappa-B in mature T lymphocytes. Required for interleukin-2 (IL2) production. PKC is activated by diacylglycerol which in turn phosphorylates a range of cellular proteins. PKC also serves as the receptor for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters.

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This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human cancers, including hereditary cancers such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternate promoters result in multiple transcript variants and isoforms. Additional isoforms have also been shown to result from the use of alternate translation initiation codons (PMIDs: 12032546, 20937277). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013].

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The sub-membraneous region at the postsynaptic membrane contains a number of proteins critical for receptor targeting. Gephyrin is a microtubule-associated protein highly expressed in brain and localized to neuronal postsynaptic membranes. Gephyrin is essential for the postsynaptic localization of the inhibitory glycine receptor and is thought to anchor the receptor to subsynaptic microtubules. The protein is expressed in most mammalian tissues with predominant expression in brain. At least five additional splice variants of Gephyrin ranging in molecular weight have been identified in rat and human brain tissue.

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This gene encodes a member of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, an important hormone and neurotransmitter. Mutations in this gene have been associated with an elevated risk for a variety of diseases and disorders, including schizophrenia, somatic anxiety, anger-related traits, bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior, addictions, and others.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009].

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Receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, coupled to both G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and G proteins that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis.

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Preferentially catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 'Ser-5' within the tandem 7 residues repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A. Negatively regulates RNA polymerase II transcription, possibly by controlling the transition from initiation/capping to processive transcript elongation (By similarity). Recruited by REST to neuronal genes that contain RE-1 elements, leading to neuronal gene silencing in non-neuronal cells.