Use autotaxin (ENPP2) to catalyse the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent mitogen that can evoke growth factor-like responses (Moolenaar and Corven), from lysophospholipids in extracellular fluids. Autotaxin is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family, containing two N-terminal somatomedin B (SMB)-like domains, a central phosphodiesterase (PDE) domain with an active catalytic site, and a C-terminal nuclease-like (NUC) domain (Nishimasu et al.). Dysregulation of autotaxin and LPA receptors is implicated in cancer (Tigyi et al.), fibrosis (Ninou et al.), neurological disorders (Roy et al.), and other inflammation-associated conditions. Both Autotaxin and LPA are overexpressed in many cancers and can promote cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptotic death (Tigyi et al.). Autotaxin was also found to catalyse the production of cyclic phosphatidic acid (CPA), an analog of LPA, which has anti-mitogenic and inhibitory effects on tumor cell invasion and metastasis (Fujiwara). This protein contains a His-residue tag at the amino end of the polypeptide chain. For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, Autotaxin from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥85% purity, and endotoxin levels are verified to be ≤1,0 EU/μg protein.